机械专业英语考试重点

2023大学工程机械专业英语期末考试重点词汇（精简版）一、专有名词1.高速公路1. Expressway2.技术使用2. Technical use3.动力装置3. Power unit4.工作装置4. Working device5.发动机总称5. General name of engine6.底盘总成6. Chassis assembly7.液压传动7. Hydraulic transmission8.流体力学原理8. Principles of fluid mechanics9.沥青与水泥9. Asphalt and cement10.路基与路面10. Subgrade and pavement11.结合与分离11. Combination and separation12.机电一体化12. Mechatronics13.高速公路网密度13. Expressway network density14.道路工程14. Road works15.施工组织15. Construction organization16.施工管理16. Construction management17.高等级公路17. High grade highway18.无级变速18. CVT19.传动比和速度比19. Transmission ratio and speed ratio20.比他和比重20. Comparison and proportion21.弹性悬挂21. Elastic suspension22.施工技术22. Construction technology23.柔性连接23. Flexible connection24.刚性连接24. Rigid connection25.塑性变形25. Plastic deformation26.平装运输能力26. Flat transportation capacity27.满装运输能力27. Full capacity28.振动频率与振幅28. Vibration frequency and amplitude29.分层铺层与分层碾压29. Layered paving and rolling30.桥梁工程30. Bridge works31.隧道工程31. Tunnel works32.冲击原理32. Impact principle二、系统1.液压传动系统1. Hydraulic transmission system2.气压传动系统2. Pneumatic transmission system3.电气控制系统3. Electrical control system4.自动控制系统4. Automatic control system三、器1.液力变矩器1. Hydraulic torque converter2.液力助力器2. Hydraulic booster3.废气涡轮增压器3. Exhaust gas turbocharger4.弹簧压紧式离合器4. Spring loaded clutch5.杠杆压紧式离合器5. Lever compression clutch6.干式多片摩擦式离合器6. Dry multi disc friction clutch7.湿式多片摩擦式离合器7. Wet multi disc friction clutch8.减震器8. shock absorbers9.车轮制动器9. Wheel brake10.脚制动器10. Foot brake11.手制动器11. Hand brake12.停车制动器12. Parking brake四、泵和马达1.定量泵与定量马达1. Quantitative pump and quantitative motor2.低速大扭矩液压马达2. Low speed high torque hydraulic motor五、变速箱1.人力换挡变速箱1. Manual shift gearbox2.动力换挡变速箱2. Power shift gearbox3.定轴式变速箱3. Fixed axle gearbox4.行星式变速箱4. Planetary gearbox5.单级变速箱5. Single stage gearbox6.多级变速箱6. Multi stage gearbox六、性能1.技术性能1. Technical performance2.动力性能2. Power performance3.附着性能3. Adhesion performance4.牵引性能4. Traction performance5.经济性能5. Economic performance6.作业性能6. Operation performance7.稳定性能7. Stability8.通过性能8. Passing performance9.转向性能9. Steering performance10.制动性能10. Braking performance 七、机械1.工程机械1. Construction machinery2.筑路机械2. Road building machinery3.土方工程施工机械3. Earthwork construction machinery4.路面工程施工机械4. Pavement construction machinery八、**机1.水冷六缸四冲程直喷式柴油机1. Water cooled six cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine2.直铲推土机2. Bulldozer3.自行式铲运机3. Self propelled scraper4.自行式平地机4. Motor grader5.单斗液压挖掘机5. Single bucket hydraulic excavator6.单斗轮式装载机6. Single bucket wheel loader7.履带式牵引车7. Crawler tractor8.自卸车8. dump truck9.单钢轮震动压路机9. Single drum vibration rollers10.内燃机10. internal combustion engines11.汽油机11. gasoline engine12.柴油式打夯机12. Diesel rammer13.爆燃式打夯机13. Deflagration rammer14.铰接式装载机14. Articulated loader15.电喷发动机15. EFI engine16.电喷柴油机16. EFI diesel engine17.电喷汽油机17. EFI Gasoline Engine18.沥青混合料设备与沥青混合胶摊铺机18. Asphalt mixture equipment and asphalt mixture paver19.光轮压路机19. Smooth wheel roller20.爆燃机20. deflagration machine九、系统1.动力传动系统1. Power transmission system2.行走系统2. Walking system3.转向系统3. Steering system4.制动系统4. Brake system5.燃料供给系统5. Fuel supply system6.冷却系统6. Cooling system7.润滑系统7. Lubrication system十、机构Ten, institutions1.曲柄连杆机构1. Crank connecting rod mechanism2.配气机构2. Valve train3.铰接式转向机构3. Articulated steering mechanism十一、作业1. 挖掘作业1. Excavation2. 拆装作业2. Disassembly and assembly3. 剥离与整形作业3. Stripping and shaping operation4. 间歇式作业4. Intermittent operation5. 连续式作业5. Continuous operation6. 装卸作业6. Loading and unloading十二、厂1.储料场1. storage yard2. 计算机集成工厂2. Computer integration factory3.修理厂3. repair shop4.保养厂4. maintenance plant十三、高级1. 零部件应力应变分析1. Stress and strain analysis of parts2. 机构的动态响应2. Dynamic response of mechanism3. 热传输计算3. Heat transfer calculation4. 数控零件编辑4. NC part editing5. 计算应用程序5. Computing applications十四、计算机1.计算机集成工厂1. Computer integration factory2.计算机处理界面2. Computer processing interface3.计算机监控3. Computer monitoring4.计算机辅助设计4. Computer aided design5.计算机辅助制造5. Computer aided manufacturing6.计算机辅助诊断6. Computer aided diagnosis7.计算机辅助测试7. Computer aided test8.计算机辅助管理8. Computer aided management9.计算机辅助教学9. CAI十五、路面1.沥青混合料路面1. Asphalt mixture pavement2.水泥混凝土路面2. Cement concrete pavement3.柔性路面3. Flexible pavement4.刚性路面4. Rigid pavement十六、液压元件16、 Hydraulic components1. 动力元件1. Power components2. 液压泵2. hydraulic pump3. 执行元件3. Actuator4. 液压马达4. Hydraulic motor5. 液压缸5. hydraulic cylinder6. 控制元件6. Control elements7. 液压换向阀7. Hydraulic reversing valve8. 辅助元件8. Auxiliary components9. 液压油箱9. Hydraulic oil tank10. 液压油管10. Hydraulic oil pipe11. 过滤器11. Filter12. 液压油12. Hydraulic oil其他1.城市交通1. Urban transportation2.行车道2. carriageway3.重型卡车3. Heavy truck4.整体式车架4. Integral frame5.铰接式车架5. Articulated frame6.自行式压实机具6. Self compacting machine7.自行式底盘7. Self propelled chassis8.施工现场8. Construction site9.道路建筑材料9. Road building materials10.城市道路10. Urban roads11.郊区道路11. Suburban roads12.拆装实习12. Disassembly practice13.施工与养护13. Construction and maintenance14.排水与照明14. Drainage and lighting15.故障检测与诊断15. Fault detection and diagnosis16.故障分析与排除16. Fault analysis and troubleshooting17.燃料库17. fuel depot18.路堤与路堑18. Embankment and cutting。

热处理：heat treatment导热率：thermal conductivity 密度：density强度：strength硬度：hardness刚度：stiffness复合材料：composite陶瓷：ceramics共析钢：eutectoid steel过共析钢：hypereutectoid steel 亚共析钢：hypoeutectoid steel 分子量：molecular weight塑性变形：plastic deformation 绝热体：thermal insulator晶体：crystalline耐腐蚀：corrosion resistance 耐磨性：wear resistance淬火：hardening 回火：tempering退火：annealing正火：normalizing铁碳合金相图：iron-carbondiagram奥氏体：austenite铁素体：ferrite渗碳体：cementite淬透性：harden ability钻削：drilling铣削：milling车削：turning麻花钻：twist drill平面铣刀：face milling cutter立铣刀：end mill cutter成形铣刀：form milling cutter立式铣床：vertical millingmachine卧式铣床：horizontalmilling machine逆铣：up milling顺铣：down milling大量生产：large-volumemanufacture间隙配合：clearance fit过盈配合：interference fit过渡配合：transition fit公差：tolerance互换性：interchangeabilitly极限尺寸：extreme dimension表面粗糙度：surface roughness基孔制：hole basis system基轴制：shaft basis system磁带机：tape reader圆弧插补：circular interpolation伺服电动机：servo motor螺栓：bolt机电装置：electromechanical device液压系统：hydraulic system 气动系统：pneumatic system 工业机器人：industrial robot 机器人学：robotics直角坐标式机器人：Cartesian robot圆柱坐标机器人：cylindrical robot柔性制造系统：flexible manufacturing system 计算机集成制造computerintegrated manufacturing成组技术：group technology自动仓储系统：automatedsorrage and retrieval system自动引导小车：automatedguided vehicle牵引小车：towing vehicle存放架：storage rack堆垛机：stacker crane兼容性：compatibility纤维: fiber断裂韧性：fracture toughness导轨：guideway润滑剂：lubricant故障：malfunction机械手：manipulator渗透性：permeability半导体：semiconductor超导体：superconductor热固塑料：thermoset polymer表面硬度：surface hardness盲孔：blind hole通孔：through hole普通碳钢：plain carbon steel轮廓控制：contour control点位控制：point to point control计算机辅助质量控制：computer aided quality control视觉系统：vision system放射，辐射radiation传感器：sensor机械性能：mechanical properties 冲击强度：impact strength计算机辅助编程：computer aided programming先进工程材料：advanced engineering materials坐标测量机：coordinate measuring machine数控加工中心：NC machining center轻载小车: light load vehicles切削方向：machining direction滚动轴承：rolling-component bearing 滑动轴承：sliding-component bearing 刀库：tool magazine工作坐标系：work coordinate注射成型：injection molding。

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back elevation 背⾯图back inlet gully trap 背⼊集⽔沟⽓隔backdrop manhole 后级沙井；跌级沙井backfill 回填；回填⼟；回填料backfill material 回填物料；回填料background information form 背景资料表格backing concrete 堤背混凝⼟backup area 后勤区；后勤⽤地backup land 后勤⼟地；预留地baffle wall 遮挡墙bagged concrete 袋装混凝⼟balance of the purchase price 楼价余额balanced land use pattern 均衡⼟地⽤途模式balanced load 平衡载重balancing pipeline 平衡⽔管balcony 露台balcony bar 露台铁栏balcony concrete coping 露台混凝⼟盖顶balcony cubicle 露台房间；骑楼房ball-and-socket joint 球窝接头ballast ⽯碴；道碴；压重物ballot sheet 搅珠结果名单ballot trade 炒筹活动baluster 栏杆柱balustrade 栏杆；扶⼿bamboo fence ⽵篱笆bamboo pole ⽵枝bamboo scaffold ⽵枝棚架bamboo stake 扶⽵bamboo worker ⽵棚⼯band drain 排⽔肩带；排⽔板；排⽔带banned area [livestock keeping] 禁⽌饲养禽畜地区bar bender 弯铁⼯；拗铁⼯bar fixer 铁⼯bar tendon 钢筋bare patch 秃块bare rock soil slope surface 光秃的⼟坡⾯bare rooted plant *根植物；不带泥植物；“洗泥胆”植物bare-shell house ⼏⽆装修的房屋barrette ⽅形桩barrier 栅栏；护栏；屏障barrier plate 阻挡板barrier wall 围墙basalt ⽞武岩basalt dyke ⽞武岩岩墙base 基座base course 路⾯下层；路基层；承重层base extracted from survey sheet no. x 根据ｘ号测量图绘制base failure of slope 斜坡基底坍塌base frame 基架base insulator 基架绝缘器base line 基准线；基线base plate 底板；垫板base rent 基本租⾦base slab 底板；平底板base support 底座⽀架basement 地库；地窖；地下室basement tanking 地库防⽔层；地库防⽔⼯程basement wall 地库墙；地下室墙basic listing criteria [housing authority list of building contractors]基本资格准则〔《房屋委员会承建商名册》〕basic map 基本地图basic mapping system 基本地图制作系统basic survey sheet 基本测量图basic terms offer 基本条款建议书basin ⽔槽；⽔坑；港池basin management 河流流域管理⼯作batching and mixing plant [concrete] 配料及拌合设备；配料及搅拌设备〔混凝⼟〕batching plant 混凝⼟配料机；混凝⼟配料⼚bath tub 浴缸bathing shed 沙滩泳屋batholith 岩基bathroom 浴室bathymetric survey 海深测量batten 板条；⽊⽅batter 倾斜batter leader pile driver 斜导架打桩机batter pile 斜桩bay window 凸窗；窗台bazaar 市场beach seine net licence 近岸浅⽔围牌照bead 门窗压条；护条；护⾓；焊珠beam 梁；横梁；“阵”beam and slab construction 梁板建筑beam and slab structure 梁板结构beam on elastic foundation 弹性基础梁；弹性地基梁beam raising ceremony 上梁仪式bearer 承⽊；托梁bearing capacity 承载⼒bearing capacity factor 承载⼒系数bearing capacity of the ground ⼟地承载⼒bearing force 承重能⼒；承载能⼒bearing pad 承重垫⽚；⽀承垫⽚bearing pile 承重桩；⽀承桩bearing pin ⽀承栓钉bearing plate 承重板；⽀承板bearing post ⽀承柱bearing pressure 承压应⼒bearing stress 承载应⼒；⽀承应⼒bearing surface 承载⾯；⽀承⾯bearing test 承载测试bearing wall 承重墙beating turf 拍打草⽪；压实草⽪bedding 垫层；层理；“打底”bedding layer 垫层bedding screed 地台砂浆底层bedplate 座板bedrock 基岩；基层岩bedroom 睡房；卧室bed-sit flatlet 厅房两⽤⼩单位bed-sit unit 厅房合⼀⼩单位bedspace apartment dweller 床位寓所住客bedspace apartment licensing scheme 床位寓所发牌制度bedspace apartments authority 床位寓所监督bedspace lodger 位住客belated registration case 补办登记个案bellout 扩底bellout diameter 扩底直径bellow pot ⽓囊；⽓囊筒benching [manhole] 沟槽座〔沙井〕；“马枕”benchmark ⽔准点；基准点bending moment 弯矩；⼒矩bending schedule 弯钢筋表bending stiffness 弯曲刚度bending stress 弯曲应⼒beneficial occupation 使⽤物业作有价值的⽤途；实益占⽤beneficial owner 实益业主；实益拥有⼈beneficial ownership 实益所有权beneficial use 有价值⽤途；实益⽤途beneficiary living 现存受益⼈beneficiary under the trust 信托受益⼈benkelman beam test 贝克曼梁试验benthic seabed grab survey 海底抓⽃勘测bentonite 膨润⼟；皂⼟；膨⼟岩bentonite liner 膨润⼟衬垫berm 斜⽔级；坡级；截⽔沟；坡台berm channel 斜⽔平台渠bermstone 护脚⽯besser block 百岁砖best rent 租⾦；租⾦better building management campaign 优良楼宇管理活动betterment [real estate] 增值〔不动产〕betterment charge 增值征费better-off tenant 经济条件较佳租户；经济条件较佳住户bevel 斜⾓；削⾓；斜⾯bib cock 弯嘴旋塞；“龙头”bib tap 弯嘴⽔龙头；“星盆龙头”bid package 整套招标书bidet 下⾝盆bill of quantities 建筑⼯料清单；⼯程量清单；⼯程量表bill of variations ⼯程量更改清单bills of quantities system 建筑⼯料清单系统binder 结合料；黏合物binding agent 黏合剂bin-lifting refuse collection system ⾃动提桶收集垃圾⽅法binsite 垃圾桶放置处；垃圾桶站biotite ⿊云母bit [drill] 钻头bitumen 沥青；柏油bitumen coat 沥青外搪层；沥青外衬bitumen felt 沥青纸bitumen lining 沥青内搪层；沥青衬⾥bituminous concrete 沥青混凝⼟bituminous friction course 沥青防滑层bituminous macadam 沥青碎⽯层〔道路〕bituminous material 沥青材料bituminous materials and aggregates testing 沥青材料及⽯料试验bituminous primer 沥青底涂料bituminous waterproof membrane 沥青防⽔膜black spot 环境⿊点blackout 电⼒中断blacksmith 铁⼯blank flange 盲板凸缘；管⼝盖板blank gable ⽆窗⼭墙blanking plate 封板blast 燃爆；爆破blast cleaning 喷砂清理；爆破清洁blast-furnace slag cement 炉渣⽔泥blasting by abrasives 磨料喷砂blasting certificate 燃爆证书blasting permit 燃爆许可证blasting site 燃爆⼯地；爆破⼯地blasting works 燃爆⼯程；爆破⼯程bleed off pipe 溢流管bleed screw 放⽓螺钉；减压螺钉bleeding 泛油；渗⾊；泌浆〔混凝⼟〕；泌⽔性〔混凝⼟〕blended cement 混合⽔泥blending control 混合控制blinding 补路⽯砂blinding concrete 基础垫层混凝⼟；地基垫层混凝⼟blinding layer 基础垫层；地基垫层；“草鞋底”block ⼤厦；楼宇；厚板；座件block assessment 整体估价；以整幢⼤厦为⼀个估价单位；按⼤厦评估⽅法block crown lease 集体官契block lease 集体租契；集体契约block letting 整幢出租block licence 集体牌照block plan 楼宇位置图；楼宇平⾯图block sample 块状样本；块样block tenancy 楼宇集体租赁block type ⼤厦类别block with structural deficiencies 结构有问题的⼤厦blockwork 砖⼯；砖造物blockwork seawall ⽅块海堤blockwork wall ⽅块体墙bluff 悬崖boarding house 旅馆boat dweller 艇户boat hoist 吊艇boat mooring zone 船只停泊区boat squatter ⽔上寮屋居民boatswain's chair ⼯作吊板bollard 矮柱；护柱bolster 承枕；横撑bolt 插销；螺栓；门闩bona fide mortgage 真正按揭bona fide tender 诚意投标bona fide transaction 真正交易bona fide villager 原籍村民bona vacantia property ⽆主物业bond 叠砌；黏合；砌合法bond breaker 黏合分隔材料；分隔料bond coat 黏合层；“打底层”bond course 束缚层bond strength 黏合强度bond stress 黏合应⼒bone-meal ⾻粉bonus for completion 竣⼯奖⾦；完⼯奖⾦booking fee [sale and purchase of premises] 定⾦〔楼宇买卖〕boom 吊杆booster pump room 增压泵房booster pumping station 增压抽⽔站booster water pump 增压抽⽔机；增压⽔泵borated water storage tank 含硼⽔贮存箱bore 钻孔；内孔；内径bored pile 螺旋钻孔桩；钻孔灌注桩bored tunnel 钻挖的隧道borehole 钻孔；探⼟孔；挖孔borehole log 钻孔记录；挖孔记录borehole test 钻孔测试boric acid 硼酸boring 钻探；挖探boring machine 钻探机；镗borrow area 采泥区；采料区；取⼟区borrow light 透光窗；⽓窗bottle trap 瓶型⽓隔bottom dump 经舱底卸置；舱底式卸置bottom flush bolt 底部埋⼊插销bottom heave 坑底隆起；底⿎；底部隆起bottom layer 底层bottom level 底部标⾼bottom plate 底板bottom rail 下横档〔栏杆〕；下横栏〔门窗〕bottom-dump barge 开底运泥船boulder 砾⽯；巨砾；孤⽯boulder fall 砾⽯下坠；砾⽯泻坠boulder fence 防⽯栏bouldery colluvium 砾⽯崩积物boundary 界线；边界；界址boundary adjustment 地界调整boundary condition 边界条件boundary identification plan 地界辨认图boundary mark 地界标志；界址标记boundary of works area 施⼯范围boundary peg 地界栓钉boundary point 地界点boundary rectification 地界修正boundary re-establishment survey 地界重整测量boundary stone 界⽯boundary survey 地界测量boundary tribunal 地界审裁处boundary wall 边界墙box culvert 箱形暗渠；箱形涵洞；盒形排⽔渠box foundation 箱形基础；箱形地基box girder 箱形主梁；箱形⼤梁box out 预留箱形凹位box section ⽅形管；⽅通brace 撑杆；⽀撑braced excavation ⽀撑式挖掘braced structure 受横向⽀撑的结构；⽀撑结构bracing ⽀撑；斜撑；加劲bracing structure 横向⽀撑结构；⽀撑结构bracket 托架；⽀架；撑架branch family 分⽀家庭branch pipe ⽀管；分⽀喉管branch sewer 分⽀污⽔管branch village 分⽀乡村brazing 铜焊；合⾦焊接breach of lease conditions 违反批租条件；违反批地条件breach of tenancy conditions 违反租赁条件；违反租约规定break line 倾斜变换线；折线break tank room 减压⽔缸房breaker 轧碎机；碎⽯机；断路器breakglass unit 警报玻璃箱breaking strain 断裂应变breaking strength 断裂强度；抗断强度breaking stress 断裂应⼒breaking wave 破碎波breakwater 防波堤breather 通⽓孔；呼吸器breccia ⾓砾岩brick 砖brick closer 封⼝砖；“⼆⼨⼆”brick course 砖层brick layer 砌砖⼯brick pier 砖柱brick works 砌砖⼯程brick-on-edge 侧置砖brick-on-edge wall 侧砖墙brickwork 砖造物；砖⼯bridge abutment 桥台bridge cable ⼤桥的钢索bridge crane 桥梁起重机；桥式吊机bridge deck 桥⾯板；桥板；桥⾯bridge deck level 桥⾯bridge deck unit 桥⾯组件；桥⾯构件bridge deck works 桥⾯⼯程bridge girder 桥主梁；桥⼤梁bridge pier 桥墩bridge tower 桥塔bridge works 桥梁⼯程british standard code of practice 英国标准应⽤守则british standard specification 英国标准规格british standards institution 英国标准协会brittle failure 脆性损毁；脆性破坏"broad brush" approach ⼴义划分⽅法；概括分组⽅法broad long term pattern of port development 概略的港⼝长期发展模式brochure price [sale of premises] 售楼说明书上的价格broken joint 错缝接合；顺砖式砌合；顺砌法brown asbestos 褐⽯棉brushing lacquer ⼿扫漆bucket conveyor ⽃式输送机bucket dredger 链⽃式挖泥船buckling 压曲；压弯buckling load 压曲荷载；压曲临界荷载buffer area 缓冲地区；缓冲区buffer storage area 贮存区；贮料区build back 原地重建build back potential 原地重建的潜⼒build, operate and transfer franchise [bot franchise] 建造、营运及移交专营权buildability 建筑效益builder 建造商；承建商；⼟建承包⼈builders' lift 建筑⼯地升降机；施⼯⽤升降机builder's works 承建商负责的⼯程；屋宇装备配合⼯程；⼟建⼯程building 建筑物；屋宇；⼤厦building allowance 建屋津贴building area 建筑⾯积building authority 建筑事务监督building basic rate 屋地基本率building code 建筑守则；建筑规范building component 建筑组件；⼤厦组件building condition 楼宇状况building construction 建筑物建造；建筑营造building contract 建筑合约building contractors' committee [construction advisory board] 建造商委员会〔建造业谘询委员会〕building cost index 建筑成本指数building cost information 建筑造价资料；建筑成本资料building covenant 建筑规约building covenant extension 延续建筑规约building covenant of new grant 新批地建筑规约building coverage 建筑物上盖⾯积building debris 建筑废料building design 建筑物设计；建筑设计building envelope 建筑物外壳building for special purpose 特别⽤途建筑物building frontage 屋宇主⾯；屋宇前⾯building height 建筑物⾼度；楼宇⾼度building land 屋地；建筑⽤地building layout 建筑物平⾯图；⼤厦平⾯图building licence 建筑许可证；建筑牌照；建屋牌照building line 建筑界线building lot 屋地；建筑⽤地building management committee [bmc] ⼤厦管理委员会building management co-ordinating team ⼤厦管理统筹⼩组building management co-ordination committee [bmcc] ⼤厦管理统筹委员会building management division [government property agency] 楼宇管理部〔政府产业署〕building management resource centre [housing department] ⼤厦管理资源中⼼〔房屋署〕building material 建筑物料building mortgage 建筑按揭building number 建筑物门牌号数building owner 建筑物拥有⼈；建筑物业主building plan 建筑图则building plan unit [lands department] 建筑图则⼩组〔地政总署〕building platform 建筑地台building regulations 建筑物规例building safety inspection scheme 楼宇安全检验计划building services 屋宇装备；屋宇设备building services branch [architectural services department] 屋宇装备处〔建筑署〕building services contractor [hong kong housing authority] 屋宇装备承办商〔⾹港房屋委员会〕building services co-ordinator 屋宇装备⼯程协调⼈building services drawing 屋宇装备图则building services engineer 屋宇装备⼯程师building services inspector 屋宇装备督察building services installation 屋宇装备安装⼯程building services modification works 屋宇装备更改⼯程building services performance assessment scoring system [bspass] 屋宇装备承办商表现评分制building services subcontractor 屋宇装备分包商building services tender price index 屋宇装备投标价格指数building setback 把楼宇建筑位置移后building site 建筑地盘；建筑⼯地building status 楼宇性质；屋宇性质building supervisor 屋宇监督building surveyor 屋宇测量师building volume 建筑物体积building works 建筑⼯程；屋宇建筑⼯程buildings department 屋宇署build-operate-transfer 建造、营运及移交built form 建筑形式built-back accommodation 重建单位built-in component 嵌⼊部分built-over area 建筑⾯积；覆盖⾯积built-up area 已建设区；楼宇密集区bulging [ground] 爆裂〔⼟地〕bulk density 体密度bulk excavation ⼤型挖掘⼯程bulk explosive 浆状炸药bulk gas supply 中央⽓体燃料供应bulk letting 整批出租bulk sample 体样bulk shrinkage 体缩bulk tariff ⼤量⽤电价⽬bulked volume 扩张体积bulkhead lighting fittings 凸⾯照明器bulking factor 体积扩张系数；体胀系数bulldozer 推⼟机；铲泥车bund ；堤；⽥基bund wall 墙bunded area 堤保护区bungalow 平房bunker 地堡buoyancy foundation 浮筏基础；浮筏地基buoyancy raft 浮筏基础；浮筏地基burglar alarm and security installations [public works category] 防盗及保安装置〔公共⼯程类别〕burglar alarm system 防盗警钟系统burglar bar 防盗铁栏；防盗铁栅；防盗窗花；“疏⼦”burglar grille 防盗铁栏；防盗铁栅；防盗窗花；“疏⼦”burglar mesh 防盗burial ground 墓地burial plot 墓地buried concrete 埋⼊地下的混凝⼟buried water-carrying service 地下带⽔管道burst strength 爆裂强度burst tearing test 爆裂测试busbar chamber 汇流排箱bus-coupler 母线联接busduct 密封式汇流排bush 轴衬business establishment 店铺business premises 商业楼宇；商业单位；商⽤处所butt hinge 对接铰链butt joint 对头接；对接缝butterfly gate 蝶形闸buttress 扶壁；⽀撑墙；⽀墩buttressed retaining wall ⽀墩式挡⼟墙buy back 购回buy or rent option 可租可买计划buy-back option in perpetuity [home ownership scheme] 永久保留选择购回居屋单位的权利〔居者有其屋计划〕by mass of cement 占⽔泥重量；占洋灰重量bypass 绕道；⽀管；旁通管bypass channel 溢流槽bypass pipe 旁通管。

单词Lesson 1Gear 齿轮, 传动装置Bearing 轴承Cams 凸轮Cams and followers 凸轮和从动件Couple 力偶mechanics 力学statics 静力学，静止状态dynamics动力学，原动力，动力特性constraint forces 约束力applied forces 作用力Electric , magnetic, and gravitational forces 电,磁,重力mating surface 啮合表面,配合表面,接触面meshing 啮合，咬合，钩住meshing teeth 啮合齿journal bearing 滑动轴承，向心滑动轴承metal-to-metal contact 金属- 金属接触Overheating 过热failure 失效flaking 薄片，表面剥落，压碎Spall 削，割，剥落，脱皮noise 噪音rough motion运动不精确inertia惯性particle 质点rigid body刚体deformable可变形的，应变的deformable Body 变形体Scalar 数量的，标量的Vectors矢量Density密度Mass质量Displacement位移Velocity速度Acceleration加速度Moment力矩，弯矩Momentum动量，冲量Lesson 2Compressive压缩的，有压力的Turning 车削Rectilinear直线的micrometer 千分尺又称螺旋测微器Power hacksaws 弓锯床Shaper牛头刨床Thread 螺纹Work：功muscular action肌肉动作mechanical motion机械运动stretch an object拉伸对象tensile force：拉力in tension：受拉compressive force：压力torsional force：扭力torque：扭矩shearing force ：剪切力twist an object扭曲对象Slide滑，脱落Slip滑动，滑移in compression受压turning of a part对一个零件进行车削加工wedging action:楔入作用chip ：切屑centers of the lathe车床的顶尖lathe dog车床夹头centrifugal force ：离心力grinding wheel ：磨削砂轮bonding agent ：粘合剂abrasive particle：磨料颗粒centrifuge-type machines离心式机械Centrifuge离心机，离心作用Centrifugal force principles离心力原理centripetal force ：向心力rotary motion:回转运动rectilinear motion：直线运动hand tool手工工具power tool动力工具feed：进给shaping：采用牛头刨床（shaper)进行刨削加工power saw：弓锯床，弓式锯床the screw of a micrometer 意为“千分尺中的螺杆”harmonic and intermittent motion ：谐和运动和间歇运动simple harmonic motion ：简谐运动return stroke：快速回程shaper ram：刨床滑枕Pulley滑轮Screw螺丝钉Belt带Link链Lesson 3Interactive互相作用的Iterative重复的, 反复的, 迭代的Pinpoint 精确地定位或确认Equilibrium 平衡，均衡Tractable 易于处理或操作的Order of magnitude 数量级Ideally理想的情况下so as to为了with any precision很少精确idealize理想化idealization 理想化strength of materials材料力学Dynamics动力学Approximations近似值be inherent in为、、、所固有，是、、、的固有性质Render提出，给予，描绘degrading the result使结果降级pertinent有关prohibitive令人望而却步Influx流入，注入，涌进，汇集Lesson 5Sprocket链轮snap ring 卡环Universal joints万向联轴器Self-aligning bearing 调心轴承，球面轴承, 自位轴承Dry ice干冰Shot-peening喷丸硬化处理Pin销Key键Spline花键Couplings联轴器nondriving wheel非驱动轮idler gear空转齿轮，换向齿轮be subjected to承受Fluctuate变动，波动，起伏alternating bending stress交变弯曲应力deflections挠度lateral shaft deflection横向轴的挠度angular deflection角偏转non-self- aligning bearings非自调心轴承Torsional deflection扭转变形critical speed临界速度Attachment of the hub毂的附件Keyway键槽Axial轴向Circumferential圆周方向Positioning定位Retaining固定retaining ring定位环hub-to-shaft attachments轮毂与轴之间的连接interference fit过盈配合hub bore毂孔bending moment弯矩cold-rolling冷轧relative slope相对倾斜Journal轴颈plain bearing 滑动轴承Lesson 6Clutch 离合器Brake 制动器Friction 摩擦Chain 链，链条Timing belt 同步带Belt drive 带传动coefficient of friction摩擦系数rayon人造纤维timing belt同步带V-belt drive V带传动Foregoing在前的，前述的fatigue life疲劳寿命power transmitted电力传输rotatable shaft可以转动的轴，从动轴rotating shaft转动轴，主动轴input shaft输入轴output shaft输出轴unloaded state空载状态Rotor转子rotational inertia转动惯量torque capacity 扭矩容量kinetic and potential energy动能和势能provision 规定thermal capacity 热容量thermal stress热应力thermal distortion热变形rubbing velocity摩擦速度Lining内衬，衬套empirical value经验值Chain drives链传动gear drives齿轮传动speed ratio速比shaft separation distance轴间隔距离arbitrary center distance任意的中心距positive (no slip) drive强制(无滑动)传动synchronized motion同步运动conveyor systems, farm machinery, textile machinery传送带系统，农用机械，纺织机械chain loop链环40-kW power ratings ：40千瓦的额定功率Lesson 9Ceramic bearing 陶瓷轴承Silicon硅Titanium 钛Adherence 粘附，附着gas turbine engines 燃气涡轮发动机liquid lubricant液体润滑剂Exploit利用，发挥，使用Tribological 摩擦学的ceramic rolling bearing陶瓷滚动轴承thermo-mechanical热机械Tool steel工具钢Aeroengine航空发动机practical temperature limit 实际的温度上限virtual exclusion虚拟排斥hot pressed 热压hot isostatically pressed 热等静压的silicon nitride Si3N4rolling contact fatigue滚动接触疲劳low fracture toughness低的断裂韧性coefficient of thermal expansion热膨胀系数thermal conductivity导热系数thermal diffusivity热扩散系数，温度扩散率oxidation resistance抗氧化性Hertzian contact stresses 赫兹接触应力Solid lubricant固体润滑剂synthetic lubricant合成润滑剂unconventional lubricant非常规润滑剂boundary lubrication边界润滑wear resistance耐磨性tribo-chemical film摩擦化学膜Shear剪切，切断heat stable热稳定Imperative命令，绝对必要的，必不可少的Lesson 14Melting point熔点Specific heat比热Specific gravity比重Shrink fit 冷缩配合，收缩配合thermal conductivity热导率，导热率thermal expansion热膨胀corrosion resistance耐蚀性reduce inertial force减小惯性力Substitution 替换recrystallization temperature再结晶温度Annealing退火heat treating热处理hot working热加工minor 微小的surface roughness 表面粗糙度Metallurgical冶金学的Titanium钛thermal gradient热梯度relative expansion相对膨胀glass-to-metal seals玻璃- 金属密封件Shrink fit冷缩配合，收缩配合Deterioration恶化，变质，退化Degradation降解，老化，退化petroleum 石油elevated temperature高温Alkalis碱oxygen, moisture, pollution, and acid rain氧气，湿气，污染和酸雨Nonferrous metals, stainless steels, and nonmetallic materials, 有色金属，不锈钢，和非金属材料cast iron铸铁chromium铬protective film保护膜Lesson 28Basic size基本尺寸Deviation偏差Interchangeable互换性Interchangeability互换性Unilateral, bilateral, and limit forms.单边的，双边的和极限形式plus-or-minus加或减theoretical dimension理论尺寸basic dimension基本尺寸Terminology术语definition 定义Tolerance公差Clearance fit间隙配合Interference fit过盈配合Transition fit过度配合Selective assembly选择装配by trial and error用试凑法basic hole system基孔制basic shaft system基轴制International tolerance (IT) grade公差等级Tolerance symbols公差符号tolerance zone公差带uppercase letter大写字母lowercase letter小写字母surface texture表面纹理surface finish表面光洁度roughness, waviness, lay and flaws.粗糙度，波纹度，加工纹理方向和缺陷irregularities in the surface表面不平度Cutoff中止，截止Superimpose重叠，叠加Waviness波度Interval间隔cracks, blow holes, checks, scratches裂纹，气孔，检查，划痕Lesson 43Burr 毛刺Saw 锯Hacksaw弓锯Plasma 等离子体Sophistication复杂化，完善，采用先进技术Simplicity简单Sophisticated复杂的durable耐用的，耐久的alloy steel合金钢carbide碳化物diamond金刚石Harnessed驾驭，治理tough强硬Deburr去毛刺，去飞翅Welding焊接Impose利用，施加影响nontraditional manufacturing processes非传统制造工艺drilling钻孔sawing锯切broaching拉床electric motors电动马达Hydraulics液压gravity重力electric arcs电弧Harness利用electrochemical 电化学plasmas等离子体jets of liquids and abrasives液体和磨料射流magnetic field磁场Explosive爆炸electric spark电火花high-frequency sound waves高频声波beams of electron电子束Reject排斥，抵制in-process breakage过程中的破损Aforementioned上述的，前面提到的reliability 可靠性vision systems, laser gages视觉系统，激光测量Metallurgical冶金Implementation履行Lesson 62Conceive 构思Tedious 单调乏味的Optimum 最佳效果Information Age信息时代Metalworking金属加工come full circle回到原地，绕了一圈interchangeability互换性specialized functions特殊功能integrated manufacturing system集成制造系统diversify多样化Reflex反射，映像，回复flexibility灵活性integration 集成Superquality高质量Superproductivity高生产率Conflicting不一致的，冲突的getting the most out如何充分利用quality assurance质量保证materials handling材料处理Schedule时间表，进度表，计划表shop floor车间distributed intelligence分布式智能microprocessors controlled machines微处理器控制的机器Instantaneously瞬间，即时tighter 更紧producible可生产Instantaneous瞬间work-in-process在制零件tedious乏味not to mention更何况Lure吸引，诱惑contracted out.承包出去，订合同把工作包出去Lesson 64Simulator 模拟装置, 仿真装置Terrain 地区, 地带Planar 平面的marketable销售closed-loop process闭环过程Factory automation工厂自动化central data base中央数据库computer-aided designcomputer-aided manufacturingcomputer-aided product design计算机辅助产品设计computer-aided analysis计算机辅助分析computer-aided drafting,计算机辅助绘图design sensitivity analysis设计敏感性分析Optimization最佳化，优化model simulator模型模拟器substitute替代laboratory or field test实验室或现场测试manufacturability生产能力on-line control在线控制simulate模拟Prototype原型repetitive重复electrical and electronic circuits电气和电子电路algorithm算法finite-element 有限元computational technique计算技术multi- body mechanical system多体机械系统formulating the equation制定公式numerical method数值方法special-purpose program专用程序general- purpose program通用程序rigidly structure刚性结构flexibility灵活性planar motion平面运动four-bar linkage四连杆机构spatial motion空间运动rough terrain崎岖的地形Connectivity连通性，连接性force element力单元governing equation控制方程coordinate协调nonlinearity 非线性Lesson 71 Industrial robot 工业机器人Printed circuit boards印刷电路板Shutdown停工，关闭robot installation机器人安装single- purpose machines单一用途的机器International Organization for Standardization (ISO)国际标准化组织（ISO）reprogrammable可重复编程multipurpose manipulator多功能机械手Robot Institute of America(RIA)美国机器人协会（RIA）Japan Industrial Robot Association(JIRA)日本工业机器人协会（JIRA）British Robot Association (BRA)英国机器人协会（BRA）reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator可重新编程的多功能机械手multifunctional多功能multifunctional多功能end-effector末端执行器articulated arm 关节臂articulated 关节式的，铰链的U. S. Atomic Energy Commission美国原子能委员会Unsophisticated不复杂的materials handling machine材料搬运机General Motors Corporation通用汽车公司die casting machine压铸机die casting 压力铸造，压铸Gripper手爪degrees of freedom (DOF)自由度（DOF）Unimation万能自动化公司jointed-spherical robot关节式球面机器人welding, painting焊装，涂装inspection检查fully automated production line全自动生产线vehicle chassis汽车底盘conveyor输送带Assemble组装a sequence of一序列的Mass-produced printed circuit boards (PCBs)大规模生产的印刷电路板（PCB）pick-and-place robot拾取和放置机器人surpassing 超越reliability可靠性inflation of wages通货膨胀的工资imperative势在必行，必要的Parting分离的，离别的robot cells机器人单元danger zone危险区marked off关闭标记precaution预防措施shutdown system 停车系统Setting位置，安装，环境翻译Lesson2Considerable attention is given to the action of centrifugal force in grinding wheels. That is, the bonding agent that holds the abrasive particles on the wheel must be stronger than the forces which tend to make the revolving wheel fly apart at high speeds. For this reason, the speed of a grinding wheel should not exceed the safe surface speed limit specified by the manufacturer. Centrifugal force increases with speed.对磨削用的砂轮来讲离心力的影响要特别给以关注。

研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词在研究生机械工程专业的学习中，英语考试是必不可缺的一部分。

为了顺利通过考试，背诵和掌握一些重要的专业词汇是至关重要的。

本文将为大家介绍一些研究生机械工程专业英语考试必背单词，助您在考试中取得好成绩。

1. Mechanics（力学）Mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effect on their motion.（力学是物理学的一个分支，研究物体在受力或变位作用下的行为及其对运动的影响。

）2. Dynamics（动力学）Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion.（动力学是研究物体运动及引起运动的力的力学分支。

）3. Kinematics（运动学）Kinematics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of objects without considering the forces that cause the motion.（运动学是研究物体运动而不考虑引起运动的力的力学分支。

）4. Thermodynamics（热力学）Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.（热力学是研究热能与其他形式能量之间关系的物理学分支。

The branch of scient ific a nalysis which deals with motions, time, and forc es is called mec hanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dy namic s. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary syst ems, i.e., those in w hic h time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with syst ems w hic h c hang e with time.对运动、时间和作用力做出科学分析的分支称为力学。

它由静力学和动力学两部分组成。

静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个因素，动力学对随时间而变化的系统进行分析。

Forces are transmitted into mac hine members through mating surfac es, e. g., from a g ear to a shaft or from one g ear through meshing teeth to another gear, from a V belt to a pulley, or from a ca m to a follower.力通过配合表面传到机器中的各构件上。

例如，从齿轮传到轴或者从齿轮通过啮合的轮齿传到另一个齿轮，从V带传到带轮，或者从凸轮传到从动件。

If the f orces between g ear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could r esult in f laking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and ev entual failure.如果齿轮间相啮合的齿与齿之间的力过大，就会将油膜从齿间挤压出来。

机械英语知识点总结大全一、Basic Mechanical Engineering 基本机械工程1. Mechanical Engineering 机械工程Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that involves the design, production, and operation of machinery. 机械工程是涉及机械设计、生产和操作的工程分支。

2. Force and Motion 力和运动Force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. 力是任何相互作用，当没有阻力时，会改变物体的运动。

3. Simple Machines 简单机械A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. 简单机械是一种可以改变力的方向或大小的机械设备。

4. Kinematics 运动学Kinematics is the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies, and systems of bodies without considering the forces that cause the motion. 运动学是描述点、物体和物体系统运动的经典力学分支，不考虑引起运动的力。

5. Dynamics 动力学Dynamics is the study of forces and torques and their effect on motion. 动力学是力和转矩以及它们对运动的影响的研究。

机械工程专业英语考试重点1机械学的基本概念功是力乘以该力作用在物体上使物体移动的距离。

功用公斤·米来表示。

1公斤·米等于1公斤力作用于物体上使物体移动1米的距离。

效率和机械效益是用来测定机械装置性能的。

效率定义为输出的相对有用的机械功，它以占输入功的百分率来表示。

效率总是要比100％小，因为运动零件之间有摩擦损失。

像刚才所举的那部机器的例子那样，如果某些人把该机器滚上斜板，他们可能发现那要花84公斤的力。

这9公斤的差额就是需去克服滚子和轴承阻力的力。

在这种情况下该机器装置将具有89％的效率。

如果他们在没有滚子情况下，把冷冻机滑移上斜板，所需的力可能是215公斤或更大，那么效率就小于35％。

理想机械效益是忽略摩擦损失并等于输入力移动的距离除以负载移动的有效距离。

作为力放大装置，输入的距离要比负载的距离大，而理想的机械效益是比1要大的。

在承载斜板例子中，该理想机械效益是4，因为该输入距离是10米，（斜板长度）而有效负载移距是2.5米（该负载移动的垂直距离）。

斜面就是一个力放大装置。

作为速度放大装置，输入距离是要比负载距离小的，而理想的机械效益亦比1要小。

简易改变运动方向的机器装置具有一个等于1的理想机械效益。

其实际机械效益包括了摩擦损失并等于实际输出力除以实际输入力。

在承载斜板例子中的实际机械效益在有滚子条件下，大约是3.6，无滚子条件下，大约是1.4。

4金属发现的各种元素中大约三分之一是金属元素，但并不是所有的金属元素都能够用于工业上有铁跟某些元素相结合组成的金属称为黑色金属，其他金属称为有色金属。

合金化是获得所需的各种特殊性能的一种重要方法，如强度，韧度，抗磨性，磁性，高电阻率及抗腐蚀性。

5金属和非金属材料1．强度——是材料抵抗外力作用的能力。

升降机的钢丝绳和建筑物的横梁都必须具备这种性能。

2．硬度——是材料抵抗穿透和磨损的能力。

剪切工具（剪床）必须能抗磨损。

轧钢机上的金属轧辊必须能抗穿透。

AC=alternative current交流AGV=Automated Guided Vehicle自动导引小车AGVS= Automated Guided Vehicle System自动导引小车系统AMT=advanced manufacturing technology先进制造技术ANSI=American National Standards Institute美国国家标准协会APT=Automatically Programmed Tools自动数控程序BOM=Bill of Material物料清单CAA=Computer Aided Analysis Process计算机辅助分析过程CAD=Computer-Aided Design计算机辅助设计CADD=Computer-Aided Design Drafting计算机辅助设计制图CAE=computer aided engineering计算机辅助工程CAM=Computer-Aided Manufacturing计算机辅助制造CAIT=computer aided testing and inspection计算机辅助实验与检测CAPP=Computer Aided Process Planning计算机辅助工艺设计CHP=chemical Polishing 化学抛光CIM=Computer integrated manufacturing计算机集成制造CBN=Cubic Boron Nitride立方氮化硼CMM=Coordinate Measuring Machine三坐标测量机CNC=computer numerical control电脑数字控制DC=direct current直流DNC=Direct Numerical Control直接数字控制DOF=degrees of freedom自由度DXF=data exchange format数据交换格式ECM=Electrochemical Machining电解加工EBM=Electron beam machining电子束加工EDM=Electrical Discharge Machining电火花加工EGM= enhanced graphics module增强型图形模组FA=factory automation工厂自动化FDM=Fused Deposition Modelling熔融沉积成型FEA=Finite element analysis有限元分析FMC=flexible manufacturing component柔性制造单元FMS=Flexible Manufacturing System柔性制造系统Finite-element有限元Four-bar linkage四连杆机构GNC=graphical numerical control图形数控GT=Grease Trap润滑脂分离器HPM=hard-part machining硬态切削HSS=High-Speed-Steel高速钢IGES=initial graphic exchange specification初始图形交换规则ISO=International Standardization Organization国际标准组织IT=International Tolerance(grade)国际公差JIT=Just in Time准时生产LBM=Laser beam machining激光切削加工LED=light-emitting diode发光二级管LMC=least material condition最小实体状态LOM=Laminated Object Manufacturing叠层实体制造技术MMC=maximum material condition最大实体状态MATL=material材料MC=machining center加工中心NC=Numerical Control数字控制NMP=Nontraditional Manufacturing Processes特种加工技术PCB=printed circuit boards印刷电路板PLC=Programmable Logic Controller PLC控制PKW=parallel kinematics machine并联机床QTY=quantity required需求数量RGV=rail guided vehicle有轨自动导引小车RPM=Rapid Prototype Manufacturing快速成型技术SL= Stereo Lithography光固化成型SLA=Stereo Lithography Apparatus立体印刷技术/光固化立体造型SLS=Selective Laser Sintering选择性激光烧结USM=Ultrasonic Machining超声波加工VNC=voice numerical control声音控制WEDM=Wirecut Electrical Discharge Machining电火花线切割加工WJM/C=water-jet machining/cutting水射流切削3D PRINT 3D打印一、将下列单词译成汉语Mechanism（机械，机构，机构学）configuration（外形，构造，结构）displacement（位移）velocity（速度）acceleration（加速度）gear（齿轮）sprocket（链轮）pulley（带轮）kinematician /dynamics（运动/动力学，力学）kinematician（运动）cam凸轮camshaft凸轮轴accuracy精度dependability可靠性pulley滑轮flywheel飞轮crank曲柄sprocket链轮axle心轴spindle主轴clutche离合器brake制动shaper牛头刨床planer龙门刨pulley皮带轮flywheel飞轮spindle轴clutche离合器crank曲柄sprocket链轮axle车轴brake制动warpage配气机构coolant冷却剂二、将下列词组译成汉语kinematic chain（运动链）skeleton diagram（草图，示意图，简图）Gear system/Cam system（齿轮传动系统/凸轮系统）uniform motion/nonuniform motion（匀速运动/非匀速运动）nonlinear motion（非线性运动）kinematic analysis（运动分析）schematic diagram（运动简图）textile machinery（纺织机械）Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses（运动设计/运动合成）machinedesign（机械设计）Gear trains/ Cam mechanisms（轮系，齿轮传动链/凸轮机构）dynamic force/inertia force/ static force（动力/惯性力/静力）relative velocity/ absolute velocity（相对速度/绝对速度）angular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetalacceleration/ velocity vector（角加速度/切向加速度/向心加速度/速度矢量）binary link/ ternary link（二杆组/三杆组）the basecircle（基圆）the pitch curve（啮合曲线）the contact force（接触力）the intermittent motion （间歇运动）the common normal（公法线）the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）the involute profiles （渐开线齿形）the spurgear（直齿轮）the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）the face gear（端面齿轮）the radial distance （径向距离）the addendumcircle（齿顶圆）The tooth thickness（齿厚）the tooth space（齿间隙）the cap screws（螺钉）the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）theengineering graphics（工程力学）mechanical design（机械设计）the installation techniques（安装技术）the bolted joint（螺栓连接）the hardened washers（强化垫圈）the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）the modulus of elasticity（弹性模量）theantifriction bearing（减摩轴承）the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）the rolling contact （滚动接触）the sliding contact（滑动触电）the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性）the machining tolerances（加工公差）the fatigue loading （疲劳载荷）the radial loads（径向负荷）the thrust loads逆负荷the ball bearing球轴承the roller bearing滚子轴承the single-row bearings单沟轴承thedouble-row bearing双沟轴承the needle bearing滚针轴承the bearing life轴承寿命The rating life额定寿命the axis of rotation旋转轴The helix angle螺旋角a right-hand helix 右旋a left-hand helix左旋an involute helicoids螺旋面an involute curve渐开线theshaft centerlines轴中心线worm gear蜗轮the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮right angle直角worm gearing蜗杆传动the lead angle导角shaftangle轴线角度bending load弯曲载荷tension load张力负荷compression load压缩负载torsional load扭转负荷the bending moment弯矩the bending stress弯曲应力the shot peening喷丸法the actuating force工作力the coefficient of friction摩擦系数Anelectromagnetic coil电磁线圈the magnetic circuit磁路the design specifications中国设计规范the industrial engineering工业工程the machining industry加工行业the machine shops机器商店machine tool机床angular displacements角位移The electric motor电机transmission Linkage传输连接the cutting force切削力the static loads静态负荷the dynamic loads动态载荷the grinding wheel砂轮lubricating oil润滑油the cutting fluids切削液protective guards防护装置the cutting tool刀具the range of feeds进给量enginelathes普通车床turret lathes六角车床the boring machine镗床the drilling machines钻床the milling machines铣床the broachingmachines绞孔机；拉床the sawing machines锯床the cylindrical grinder外圆磨床the centreless grinders无心磨床the surface grinders平面磨床the chemical milling铣削the ultrasonic machining超声波加工a toolholder刀架a compound rest复式刀架the feed screw丝杆the feed rod光杆The feed box进给箱power feed进给the full depth大切削深度thread cutting螺纹切削a chasing dial螺纹指示盘the forward stroke冲程the return stroke回程the clapper box摆动刀架thehydraulic shaper液压牛头刨床the universal machines通用机械universal joints万向节Tracer milling仿形铣the master pattern模型the acceleration of gravity重力加速度conducting material导电材料non-conducting material绝缘材料三、将下列短语译成汉语1.Plane and spatial linkages（平面和空间连杆）2.constrained kinematic chain/unconstrained kinematic chain（约束运动链/非约束运动链）3.closed-loop linkage（闭环运动链）4.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）5.slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism（曲柄滑块机构）6.internal combustion engine（内燃机）7.the kinematic analysis of mechanisms（机构运动分析）8.degree of freedom of the mechanism（机构自由度）9.kinematic analysis process /kinematic synthesis process（运动分析步骤/运动合成步骤）10.input angular velocity（输入角速度）11.input angular acceleration（输入角加速度）12.automatic packaging machinery（自动包装机）13.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）14.mechanical analog computer（机构模拟计算机）15.dead-center position（死点位置）16.crank-rocker linkage/double-rocker linkage/double-crank (drag-link) linkage（曲柄摇杆机构/双摇杆机构/双曲柄机构）17.maximum force component/ resulting output force or torque（最大的力量组成/输出的最大力或力矩）18.output motion variables/input motion variable（输出运动变量/输入运动变量）19.absolute angular positions（绝对角位置）20.velocity polygon method（速度的多边形的方法）21.instantaneous center method/instant center method（瞬心法/即时瞬心法）22.inertia-force analysis of mechanisms and machines（机构和机器的惯性力分析）23.one and the same coordinate system /inertia frame of reference（惯性参考系）24.systematic design of mechanisms（机械设计的系统）25.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）26.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar) 盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）27.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构28.a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件29.a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度的比例30.a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比31.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率32.the parallel helical gear平行斜齿轮33.the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮34.the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮35.the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮36.the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮37.the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉38.the fillister head screws槽头螺钉39.the flat head screws 平头螺钉40.the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。

Angular-contact bearings 角接触轴承Annealing 低温回火Bearings 轴承Belt 带子Bending 弯曲度binary 二进制的Blow moulding 吹塑法Boring 镗孔Brittle 脆性的，易碎的built-up-edge 切削瘤Cam 凸轮Cam-shaft 凸轮轴Cantilever 悬臂Casting 铸造centerless grinder 无心磨床Centre 顶尖Chain 链，链条chip 切屑Chucks 卡盘Clutches 离合器Cold finished 冷加工cold-working operations 冷作加工Compression moulding 压塑法Compression 压缩，压力computer-aided design（CAD）computer-aided manufacturing(CAM) computerized numerical control（CNC）计算机数控Connecting rod 连杆Copper-base alloys 铜基合金Corrode 腐蚀Couplings 联轴器Crack 裂纹crater wear 前刀面磨损Critical 临界点cutter grinder 工具磨床Cutting-tools 刀具Deep-groove ball bearings 深沟球轴承derect numerical control(DVC) 直接数控die-casting alloys 压模铸件dies 模具Distortion 变形，扭曲Draw 拉，拔Drawing 冲压成型drilling 钻Drilling 钻孔Drop forging 落锤锻Electrode 电极external grinder 外圆磨床Extrusion 挤压Ferrous（nonferrous）metals 黑色(有色)金属finish 表面粗糙度finishing operations 精加工flank wear 后刀面磨损flexible manufacturing systems（FMS）柔性制造系统FMS cells 柔性制造系统单元Follower 从动件Foundry 铸造Friction 摩擦（力）Furnace 熔炉griding 磨Griding 磨削加工hard automation 刚性自动Harding 硬化，淬火Hardness 硬度Head stock 主轴箱Helical gear 斜齿High speed steel 高速钢Hinge 铰链，铰接Hot treatment 热处理Hot working of metals 热加工Inertia 惯性internal grinder 内圆磨床jack 千斤顶，增加Key 键Kinetic energy 动能Lathe 车床Lead 螺距，导径Leadscrew 丝杆Left-hand threads 左螺纹Linkage 连杆Low carbon steel 低碳钢Lubricant 润滑剂Lubricant 润滑液machine tool 机床Machining 切却加工manipulator 控制器Melting point 熔点Mess 啮合milling machines 铣床Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Mould 模具Mounted 安装好的notch wear V型凹口磨损Nut 螺母Pig iron 生铁planer 龙门刨床Plasticity 可塑性Press forging 压膜锻造Press 压力机，压锻programmable logic controller PLC控制器Pulley 滑轮，皮带轮punch 冲头Pyrometer 高温计Quench 把….淬火，淬硬Rack 齿系，导轨rake angle 前角random access memory(RAM) 随机读写存储器read only memory(ROM) 只读存储器Rear wheels 后轮Right-hand threads 右螺纹Rigid 刚性的Rivet 铆钉，铆接Rolling-contact bearings 滚动轴承Rolls 薄板卷Rotate 旋转Rotational inertia 转动惯量roughing operations 粗加工Screw 螺钉Screw-cutting 车螺纹Set screws 紧定螺钉Shaft 轴shaper 牛头刨床Shear 剪切Shearing stress 剪切应力Sizing operations 精锻工艺，精加工Sliding-contact bearings 滑动轴承Solder 焊料，软钎焊Splippage 滑动，打滑Spring 弹簧Spur gear 直齿Square key 方键Stiffness 刚性，刚度Straight bevel 锥齿轮stroke 行程，冲程Stud 螺栓surface grinder 端面磨床Tail stock 尾座Tapered key 锥键Tempering 回火Tension 张力，拉应力thread 螺纹tolerance 公差Tool-post 刀架Torque 扭矩，力矩trail 踪迹，线索turning 车床twist drills 麻花钻upper and lower limtts 上下极限尺寸Washer 垫圈片wear 磨损Weld 焊接Woodruff key 半圆键Worm gear 蜗轮Worm 蜗杆Wrench 扳手对于深沟球轴承，沟槽的深度大的是球直径的1/4In deep-grave ball bearings, the races are approximately one forth as deep as the ball diameter 把金属件连接在一起的方法有很多，用哪一种方法要根据金属的种类和要连接的焊件的种类来决定There are a number of methods of joining metal articles together, depend on the type of metal and strength of the joint which is required.软焊是要用熔融状态下的第三金属来使两件金属连接在一起的工艺Soldering is the process of joining two metals by a third metal to be applied in the molten state. 力学性能是材料施加压力的反应特性：Mechanical properties are the characteristic response of a material to applied forces.用于冷加工的机器叫做压力机：The machine used for most cold-working operations is known as a press.作为一种形状制造方法，切削是所有制造过程中最普遍使用的，而且是最重要的方法Machining as a shape-producing method, is the most universally used and the most important of all manufacturing processes.切削刀具必须用一种合适的材料来制造，也必须是强固的，韧性好的，坚硬的而且耐磨的The cutting tool must be made of an appropriate material, it must be strong, tough, hard and wear resistant铸造工艺由制模，备料和金属熔炼，金属液浇入模和铸件清砂等Foundry processes consist of making molds, preparing and melting the metal, pouring the metal into the molds and cleaning the castings.问答题：1.Cad/cam 全称：computer-aided design(manufacturing)2.齿轮的种类：spur gear; helical gear3.铸造工艺包括那几步：make molds; prepare and melt the metal; pour the metal into themolds; clean the castings4.列举几种机械零件：gear ,key ,shaft, screw, cam ,bearing, spring ,worm gear set.5.刀具磨损的类型（Brittle fracture/edge chipping）：flank/crater/notch wear 后刀面/前刀面/V型凹口磨损6.钢的力学性能：strength强度stiffness刚度ductility延展性impact strength冲击强度hardness硬度toughness韧性7.皮带传动是否精确，为什么？Inaccuracy, belt drives depend on the friction on the pulleysand some slippage is inherent in their operation.8.柔性系统的主要功能：to create the cells from which the system is to be constructed9.金属分类：simple metals; alloys10.热处理类型：annealing/tempering/quench/normalizing 退火/回火/淬火/正火11.热加工工艺有哪些：casting、forging、welding 铸造/锻造/焊接12.传动扭矩的键有：Square key, tapered key, woodruff key 方健，锥形键，半圆键13.车床的主要部分：headstock主轴箱tailstock尾架tool-post刀架14.主轴箱内有哪些部件机构：driving 驱动gear mechanism齿轮装置spindle卡盘1.车床：车床是车间里面最有用和最万能的机器，它能够做出一系列的机加工操作。

Mechanics力学/statics and dynamics静力学与动力学/mating surface啮合表面//pulley滑轮/cam凸轮/journal bearing滑动轴承/rolling bearings滚动轴承/failure 失效/acceleration加速度/ stress and stain应力和应变U4重点词汇Fastening 连接件/Strength of materials材料力学/load limit负荷极限U5重点词汇Shaft轴 /coupling 联轴器，连接，耦合/crosssection 截面，横断面，剖面/screw driver螺丝刀/socket wrench套筒扳手/control knob stem控制旋钮柄/torgue转矩，扭矩/torsional strength扭转强度/angle of twist扭转角度/ bending deflecation弯曲挠度/equivalent load当量载荷/allowable stress许用应力/a factor of safety安全系数/cold-rolled steel冷轧钢/forge锻造/key键/keyway键槽/stressconcentration应力集中/critical speed临界转速/bolt螺栓/gear box齿轮箱/rigid coupling刚性联轴器/flexible coupling弹性联轴器/shock load冲量载荷U7重点词汇Fastener连接件/spring弹簧/modular design/模块化设计subassembly组件/nut-and-boltfastener/螺母和螺栓连接cotter pin开口销/riveted and welded joints铆接和焊接/elastic deflection/弹性变形stress reversals交变应力U11重点词汇Rolling bearing滚动轴承/radial load径向载荷/thrust load轴向载荷/radial bearing向心轴承/ thrust bearing推力轴承/angular contact bearing 角接触轴承/taper roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承/deep groove ball bearing 深沟球轴承/inner ring内圈 /outer ring外圈/separator保持架/retainer保持架/raceway轴承座圈, 滚道/stiffness刚性，刚度/wear磨损，磨蚀，消耗/load rating额定负载/frictional drag摩擦阻力/sealing arrangement密封装置/through-hardening整体淬火/surface-hardening表面硬化/metal fatigue金属疲劳/load capacity承载能力/housing外壳/clearance间隙/stress concentration应力集中/static load-carrying capacity静态承载能力/tribology摩擦学U13重点词汇Mechanism机构/fixture夹具/kinematic design运动学设计 /gear system齿轮系/cam system凸轮系统/slider translation 滑块移动 /plane and spatial linkage 平面和空间机构/rigid body guidance刚体导引/pathgeneration实现轨迹/function generation实现函数/plane four-bar linkage平面四杆机构/platecam and follower凸轮和从动件/slider-crank mechanism曲柄滑块机构Mechanical drawing机械制图/kinematics运动学/dynamics动力学/materials engineering工程材料/strength of materials材料力学/manufacturing process制造工艺/detail drawing零件图/assemblydrawing 装配图U23重点词汇Lathe车床/turning车削/facing车平面，端面加工/boring镗孔/drilling钻（孔）/reaming铰孔/headstock主轴箱/tailstock尾座/carriage溜板/leadscrew丝杠/feed rod光杠/aging时效处理/surface –hardening表面硬化/transmission gear s变速齿轮 /bar stock 棒料/three-jaw “self-centering”chuck 三爪”自定心”卡盘/handwheel/手轮driver plate（车床的）拨盘/lathe dog卡箍/engine lathe普通车床U26重点词汇machine tool 机床/ cross slide横拖板/toolpost刀架/automatic lathe自动车床/feed rate进给速度/turretlathe转塔车床/thread cutting 螺纹切削/screw machine螺丝车床/boring machine镗床/jig borer坐标镗床/verticalboring machine立式镗床/milling machine磨床 /knee-and-column type milling machine升降台式铣床/arbor刀杆/overarm横梁/planer龙门刨床/shaper牛头刨床/broachingmachine拉床/drilling machine钻床U29重点词汇gear planing剃齿 /number ofteeth齿数/module模数/toothflank齿面/formig成形/gear flank齿轮齿面/profile modification齿廓修形/gearshaping插齿/helix angle螺旋角/epicyclicdrive周转传动/epicylic gear行星齿轮/internal gear内齿轮/gearhobbing滚齿/hob滚刀/worm蜗杆 /worm wheel蜗轮；/roughingmultiple start hob多头粗加工滚刀/two start hob 双头滚刀/normal module法向模数pressureangle压力角/thread angle牙型角/leadangle导程角/teeth number齿数/outsidediameter外径/root diameter齿根圆直径/gear broaching拉齿/spurgear直齿轮/internal spline 内花键/surface roughness表面粗糙度/gearshaving剃齿/finishing process 精加工/gear grinding磨齿/heattreatment distortion热处理变形/form grinding成形磨削U31重点词汇dimensional tolerance尺寸公差/surface roughness表面粗糙度/interchangeability互换性/tolerance公差/basic size基本尺寸/upper deviation上偏差/lower deviation下偏差/actual size实际尺寸 /clearance fit间隙配合/interference fit过盈配合/transitionfit过渡配合缩写词:N.C. numerical control数字控制/ CAD computer aided design计算机辅助设计CAE computer Aided engineering计算机辅助工程CAM computer aided manufacturing计算机辅助制造。

Type of materials 材料的种类Materials may be grouped in several ways.scientists often classify materials by their state；solid,liquid,or gas.they also separate them into organic and inorganic materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。

科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。

他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)Engineering materials may be further subdivided into;(1)metals (2)ceramics (3)composite(4)polymers,etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为：①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料，等等。

Metals and metal alloys 金属和金属合金Metals are elements that generally have good electrical and thermal conductivity.金属就是通常具有良好导电性和导热性的元素Density 密度fracture toughness 断裂韧性plastic deformation 塑性变形alloys 合金Ceramics and glasses 陶瓷和玻璃properties of ceramics and glasses 陶瓷和玻璃的特性Composites 复合材料Fiber-reinforced Composites 纤维加强型复合材料Particle-reinforced composites 微粒加强型复合材料Polymers 聚合材料Important Characteristics of Polymers 聚合材料的重要特性Some metal alloys, such as those based on aluminum, have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy. 某些金属合金，例如铝基合金，其密度低，可用于航空航天以节约燃料It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light which reach the metal因为这些阶电子吸收到达金属的光子，所以透过金属不可能看得见。

第一课——.It is also important to consider how the design processfits with all functions that must happen to deliver a satisfactoryproduct to the customer and to service the product throughout itslife cycle.考虑设计过程如何,满足所有功能也是很重要的，这叫功能必须恰好把满意的产品交给顾客，并在整个产品的生命周期内服务该产品。

二.Such as gears, belt drives, chain drives, shafts , bearings , keys, splines , couplings, sesls , springs, connections (bolted, riveted , welded, adhesive ), electric motors , linear,motion devices, clutches, and brakes例如齿轮，传送带，链传动，轴，轴承，键，花键，联轴器，密封圈，弹簧，连接件（螺栓、制钉、焊接、胶黏剂），电动机，线型的，动力装置，离合器和制动。

三.Functions tell us what the device must do, using general , nonquantitative statements that employ action phrases such as u to support a load ”, u lift a crate n v to transmit power ” , or“to hold tw o structural members together ” ,etc.有的功能告诉我们一些装置必须做的事，用大体的，非定量的声明那些使用行动的词组，例如：“支撑一个载体”，“抬起一个箱子”，“传动能量”，或者“把两种构件结合在一起”等。

紧固件有哪些？哪些可拆？哪些不可拆？（请分别举出几种可拆卸，不可拆卸的紧固件？）可拆卸：nuts and bolts; lock washers; lock nuts; retaining ring不可拆卸：rivets; metal stitching; adhesives轴承分两大类？Journal and antifriction bearings滑动轴承和滚动轴承经济加工的3个主要变量？speed, feed, depth铸造的分类方法？ingot casting; 铸锭和铸型casting to shape任意写出几种铸造类型？sand casting(砂型铸造) centrifugal casting(离心铸造)die casting(模具铸造) permanent-mold casting(永久模铸造) static cast ingots, semi-continuous or direct-chill cast ingots, and continuous cast ingot.静态模铸、半连铸或者直接冷却模铸和连铸。

6、成形方法？cold forming冷成形、hot forming热成形成形(forming)的加工过程？rolling轧制，forging锻造，drawing 拉拔，deep drawing拉深, bending弯曲，extrusion挤压成形7、五种基本机加工方法？turning(车),planning(刨),drilling(钻),milling(铣),grinding(磨)一、单词英汉互译1、机械工程学mechanical engineering2、蒸汽机steam engine3、试错法trial and error4、从…演变为…evolve from…to…5、力学，动力学dynamics6、热力学thermodynamics7、零件图detail drawing8、装配图assembly drawing9、剖视图sectional view 10、辅助视图auxiliary view 11、机械制图machine drawing 12、上模cope 13、下模drag14、键key 15、花键spline16、销pin 17、半圆键woodruff key18、润滑剂lubricant 润滑lubrication 润滑的lubricated 使润滑lubricate19、冷却剂20、花盘faceplate21、疲劳断裂fatigue 22、轴shaft axial23、油杯oil cup 24、油槽oil groove 25、油膜film 26、注油孔oil hole（见60页图6-3）27、顶尖lathe center28、中心孔center holes29、尾架tailstock30、主轴箱headstock31、卡盘chuck 31、strain hardening加工硬化33、engine lathe 普通车床34、58和94页的单词表二、段落英汉互译Mechanical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with machines and the production of power. It is particularly concerned with forces and motion.History of Mechanical Engineering. The invention of the steam engine in the latter part of the 18th century, providing a key source of power for the Industrial Revolution, gave an enormous impetus to the development of machinery of all types. As a result a new major classification of engineering, separate from civil engineering and dealing with tools and machines, developed, receiving formal recognition in 1847 in the founding of the institution of Mechanical Engineers in Birmingham, England.Mechanical engineering has evolved from the practice by the mechanic of an art based largely on trial and error to the application by the professional engineer of the scientific method in research, design, and production.The demand for increased efficiency, in the widest sense, is continually raising the quality of work expected from a mechanical engineer and requiring of him a higher degree of education and training. Not only must machines run more economically but capital costs also must be minimized.1.A rapidly growing field for mechanical engineers and others is environmental control, comprising the development of machines and processes that will produce fewer pollutants and of new equipment and techniques that can reduce or remove the pollution already generated.对于机械工程师和其他人员来说，一个迅速增长的领域是环境控制，其中包含开发新的机器和工艺过程来减少污染物的生产，并且要开发新的设备和技术来减少或除去已经产生的污染。

Lesson 1The major part of a machine is the mechanical system .And the mechanical system is decomposed into mechanisms ,which can be further decomposed into mechanical components .In this sense ,the mechanical components are the fundamental elements of machinery. On the whole ,mechanical components can be classified as universal and special component .Bolts ,gear ,and chains are the typical example of the universal components ,which can be used extensively in different machines across various industrial sectors .Turbine blades ,crankshaft and aircraft propeller are the examples of the special components ,which are designed for some specific purposes .机器的主要部分是机械系统，机械系统可以分解成机构，机构又可以进一步分解成机械零件。

因此，机械零件是构成机器的基本单元。

总体上来讲，机器零件可以分为通用零件和专用零件两类。

螺栓、齿轮和链条是典型的通用型零件，它们广泛应用在各种工业部门的不同机器上。

涡轮机的叶片、曲轴和飞机的螺旋桨属于专用零件，它们具有一些特殊用途。

一、英汉互译statics静力学，静止状态 dynamics动力学，原动力，动力特性gear齿轮，齿轮传动装置 shaft轴bearing轴承，支承，承载 pulley滑轮，皮带轮cam凸轮，偏心轮，样板，靠模，仿形板 inertia惯性，惯量，惰性，不活动scalar数量（的），标量（的） vector矢量，向量displacement位移 velocity 速度acceleration加速度，加速度值，促进，加快 moment力矩momentum动量 magnitude大小，尺寸，量度，数值constraint抑制，限制，制约，约束 constrain强迫，强制，制约，约束，束缚sense显示，方向 parallel并行的，平行的，相同的，平行线product产品，乘积 free-body diagram隔离体受力简图，隔离体简图sketch草图，简图，示意图，设计图 drawing绘图，制图，图样couple力偶 kinematic pair运动副coupling联轴器，连接，耦合 key键forge锻造，打制，锻工车间 keyway键槽critical speed临界速度，临界转速 flange凸缘，法兰bolt螺栓，螺杆 screw螺旋丝杆，螺钉gearbox齿轮箱，变速箱 flexible柔性的，易弯曲的，适应性强的decimal十进制的，小数的 decimal point小数点detail drawing零件图 assembly drawing装配图reevaluation重新评价 recycle再循环，回收，重复利用feedback反馈 compatible相容的，可共存的，协调的，相适应的durable耐用的，耐久的，坚固的 runout偏斜，径向跳动deburr去毛刺，去飞翅 burr毛刺casting铸造，铸件 sawing锯，锯切，锯开adaptive control自适应控制 electrochemical电化学的plasmas等离子 thermal热的，热力的cottage industry家庭手工业 work-in-process在制品in-house国内的，机构内部的，公司内部的 contract out订合同把工作包出去decode解译，译码，解码 discharge卸下，放出，放电welding焊接（的），熔接（的），焊缝 punch打孔，穿孔off-line脱机，离线二、名词解释Force Our earliest ideas concerning forces arose because of our desire to push, lift, or pull various objects. So force is the action of one body on another.Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter that a body or an object contains. The mass of the body is not dependent on gravity and therefore is different from but proportional to its weight. Nontraditional manufacturing processes are new manufacturing processes used for material removal，forming，and joining.Numerical control means the control of machine tools and other manufacturing systems though the use of prerecorded, written symbolic instructions.三、英译汉1、If the forces between gear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could result in flaking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and eventual failure. In the study of mechanics we are principally interested in determining the magnitude, direction, and location of the forces.如果齿轮相啮合的齿与齿之间的力过大，就会将油膜从齿间挤压出来。