2018届高考英语北师大版一轮复习练习：自由填空第四讲 定语从句含解析

专题08 定语从句2018年高考题1.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。

句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。

“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。

A选项正确。

点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。

其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。

需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

2.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her【答案】C点睛：本题考查定语从句。

定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。

抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。

3.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。

句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。

高考英语语法系列——定语从句——五年高考真题英语北京卷单选解析之定语从句——三年高考模拟英语北京卷单选解析之定语从句一，数据统计英语语法中的定语从句是历年高考北京卷中的一个重要考点。

根据历年高考北京卷对状语从句的考查，我们可以发现2017年考查1道，2016年考查1道，2015年考查1道，2014年考查1道，2013年考查1道，2012年考查1道。

由此可见，最近三年对定语从句的考查维持在1道题，虽然高考对定语从句的考查维持在一道题，但定语从句因其在阅读理解和写作中的运用而备受重视。

二，夯实基础什么是定语从句？定语：起修饰或限定作用的句子成分。

定语从句：在复合句中，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句。

引导词：关系词关系代词：that,who,whom,whose,which;在从句中充当：主语/宾语/定语关系副词：when,where,why.在从句中充当：状语先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、整个主句或主句的一部分。

定语从句中关系词的作用：连接；替代；充当成分。

精美句子：Don’t forget the things that once you owned.曾经拥有的，不要忘记。

Treasure the things that you can’t get.不能得到的，更要珍惜。

Don’t give up the things that belongs to you and keep those lost things in memory.属于自己的，不要放弃；已经失去的，留作记忆。

课堂练习：1.Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street,______used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where2.The woman____is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which3.Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera____he lost last week.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as4.The man____you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbor.A.with whomB.whenC.to whomD.which5.In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions____were asked in French.A.whereB.whoC.in whichD.which6.Those____want to go please sign their names here.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when7.Where is the man____I met this morning?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom8.Have you read the book____I lent to you?A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose9.This is the very letter____came last night.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as10.This is the factory____we worked a year ago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.on which答案：1-5BBDAD6-10CDACA 三、易错辨析I,关系词的用法：(1)关系代词的用法：当先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that(不可省略)当先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用who/whom/that(可省略)当先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose(不可省略)He is the man lives next door.The train has just left is for Shanghai.The man we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book___________I bought last week?(2)关系副词的用法：当先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that(不可省)当先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that(可省)当先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose(不可省)I still remember the time________I first became a college student.Do you know the date__________Lincoln was born?(3)使用关系副词应注意以下几点：1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=for which.如：I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.2.当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：1.I’ll never forget the day_________my hometown was liberated.2.I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer.3.His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made.4.His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts.5.This is the reason_____________________he was late.6.This is the reason_____________________he gave.常见的可以直接加宾语的及物动词有：spend,visit,give等常见的不可以直接加宾语的不及物动词有：work,stay,wait,look,live 等还原句子时，在先行词需要添加相应的介词时，就要选用关系副词。

定语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les.解析：考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且关系词在句中替代先行词a pet shop在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词which。

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.解析：考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知had great experience with caring for these animals为定语从句，修饰先行词masters，masters为人，故填who。

3．(2019·浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark.解析：考查定语从句。

分析句式可知，先行词是cloth，后面是定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that/which。

4．(2019·北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those who/that are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源)．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。

专题四定语从句1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，61)In ancient China lived an artist paintings werealmost lifelike.答案：whose 句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画栩栩如生。

此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语。

2．(2020·江苏高考，21)Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.答案：which 句意：现在许多课程都可以在网上找到资源，学生们可以从中免费选择。

此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。

3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，62)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at thepet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.答案：which the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。

4．(2019·浙江高考，58)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.答案：that/which 此处引导定语从句来修饰先行词a piece of cloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。

5．(2019·江苏高考，21)We have entered into an age dreams have the bestchance of coming true.答案：when 句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。

Unit 24SocietyⅠ.写作单词——会拼写1．accumulate v t. 积累2．burden n. 重担，负担3．vacant adj.未住人的，空置的4．diverse adj.各种各样的5．resign v t.&v i. 辞职6．delete v t.删除7．virtue n. 优点，长处8．undertake v t.着手做，从事9．sentence n. 判决10．moreover ad v.再者，此外11．cast v t.&v i.投下12．preserve v. 保存；保管→preservation n. 维护，保存13．edit v t.编辑→edition n. 版本→editor n. 编辑，校订者14．voluntary adj.自愿的→volunteer v. 自愿做n. 志愿者15．abundant adj.大量的→abundance n. 大量16．sign v. 签名n. 招牌；迹象→signature n. 签名17．adjust v. 调整，调节→adjustment n. 调整，调节18．elect v t.选举，推选→election n. 选举；当选；选择权19．mercy n. 仁慈，宽大的→merciful adj.仁慈的，宽大的20．rot v t.&v i. 腐烂；腐朽n. 腐败→rotten adj.腐烂的21．thirst n. 口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的22．contain v. 包装；容纳→container n. 容器23．consequence n. 结果，后果→consequently ad v.所以，因此Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记24．shrink v i.(使)收缩，缩小25．abortion n. 人工流产，堕胎26．deposit v t.&v i.存储，储蓄27．surplus n. 盈余，剩余28．paddle v t.&v i.划水，涉水29．fragrant adj.有香味的30．revenge n. 复仇，报复高频短语——会默写1．come into being 形成，存在2．wind sb.up 故意惹恼某人3．show off 炫耀，夸耀4．knock into sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5．break into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等) 6．on principle 原则上7．sentence sb. to death 判某人死刑8．be well/better off 过得好/过得更好9．take...seriously 认真对待……10．above all 最重要的是；首先11．do away with 废除；摆脱，消灭12．to start with 首先13．play an important role in... 在……中起重要作用14．contribute to 促进，有助于15．take...into account 考虑；注意；体谅16．keep an eye on 注意，留意精讲5个考纲单词abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的[经典例句] We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.(牛津词典)我们有充分的证据证明他有罪。

第四讲动词时态和语态PartⅠ真题变式体验1．[2015·江苏高考]The real reason why prices ________ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.答案：were 根据and still are可知，此处指过去的物价与现在物价一直都很高，所以应使用一般过去时。

2．[2015·湖南高考]I wasn't able to hide my eagerness. When I ________ (ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”答案：asked when引导的时间状语从句，通过“I wasn't able to hide my eagerness”的时态可知，ask的动作发生在过去。

3．[2015·重庆高考]In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ________ (cut)．答案：has been cut 从句中cut的动作发生在主句动作之前，主句是一般现在时，故该从句使用一般现在时或现在完成时，且“wheat”与“cut”之间为被动，故答案是has been cut。

4．[2015·四川高考]More expressways ________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.答案：will be built 根据时间状语soon以及不定式作目的状语，可知此处用一般将来时态，且“build”与“more expressways”之间为被动关系，故答案是will be built。

定语从句高考真题2010-20182018 年高考英语定语从句汇编1.(2018·全国Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease.2.(2018 全国II)Between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing programgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.3.（2018 浙江）Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries.4.（2018•北京）She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.5.（2018 天津）Kae, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.6.（2018 江苏）Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.7.（2018 北京）The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.2017 年高考英语定语从句汇编1.（2017 天津）My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.2.(2017 江苏)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.3.(2017 北京)The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.4.(2017)The publication of Great Expectations, was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.5.(2017 江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of it used to charge.6..(2017 全国Ⅲ)Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains.7..(2017 全国I) It is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.2016 年高考英语定语从句汇编1．(2016·江苏)Many young people，most of were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.2．(2016·天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，the weather may be better.3．(2016·天津)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons this problem could not be solved.4．(2016·浙江)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has been proved.5．(2016·浙江)I made friends with the natives，and their reaction amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks they had refused to sell to tourists.6．(2016·四川)One important biological factor helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.7．(2016·北京)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.8．(2016·北京)So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los AngelesZoo，they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.9．(2016·全国Ⅰ)A nurse understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.10．(2016·全国Ⅰ)I had one trip last year I was caught by a hurricane in America.11..(2016 全国I) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter。

高三英语复习：定语从句北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：定语从句二. 教学过程：〔一〕定语从句的意义〔二〕定语从句的引导词：who, whom, which, that, as, when, where, why, whose. 〔三〕定语从句引导词选用原如此：1. 先行词是人是物2. 先行词在从句中的成分或作用She is a girl who is eight years old.Xi’an, which I visited last year, is a very beautiful city.I will never forget the days when we stayed together.〔四〕定语从句的使用1. 先行词是物This is a historical museum which /that I visited last month.This is a historical museum in which / where you can enjoy yourself.I like this book of which the cover / the cover of which / whose cover is green.I didn’t believe the reason which / that you gave me.I didn’t believe the reason why / for which you were late.I will never forget the day which / that I spent by the sea.I will never forget the day when / on which I met you.2. 先行词是人He is a gentleman who / that is loved by his students.He is a gentleman who/ whom/ that his students love very much.Do you know the girl who is in red?Do you know the girl whose coat/ of whom the coat/ the coat of whom is red?3. 引导词只能用that 的情况A 先行词是不定代词或有不定代词修饰时You can take any seat that is free.I will help anyone that are in trouble.I have read all the magazine that you lend to me.There is still much that can be important.Tell us all that you know.B 先行词是序数词或有序数词修饰时Changjiang River is the largest river that I have ever seen.This is the first composition that I have written in English.He is the first to hand in his homework.C 先行词是最高级或有最高级修饰时This is the best that has been used to fight against pollution.He asked for the best book that there was on the subject.D 先行词既指人又指物Everyone wants to see the spaceship and the spacemen that flew around the earth.I like the writer and his works that is popular with teenagers nowadays.E 先行词在从句中作表语时My hometown is not the place that it used to be.比拟：He is not what he used to be.F 先行词有the only / the very 修饰时He is the very person that I am looking for.You are not the only student that can do it well.G which / that 引导的特殊疑问句中的定语从句Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?Who is the boy student that is reading over there?H 定语从句中又套有定语从句，其中一个已经用了which / who 时He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.I 先行词有the same 修饰时He is wearing the same coat that I bought for him yesterday.比拟：He is wearing the same coat as I lost yesterday.4. 引导词只能用which 的情况A 非限定性定语从句中All the books are written by him, which have beautiful pictures in them.B 引导词指逗号前整句话的意思时He said the work would be done by July, which I personally doubt.She is always speaking highly of her role, which makes other unhappy.The earth is round, which /as is known to all.C 介词后Do you know the house in which the lady lived?Do you know the man from whom you can learn a lot?5. 引导词只能用as 的情况I have never seen such kind of people as they are.I received as nice a gift as my mother promised.She was wearing the same dress as I lost yesterday.As is reported, talks between the two countries are making progress.Mary was late for school, as is often the case.注意与which 的区别She has married again, which is unexpected.as is expected.6. 先行词是专有名词或独一无二的物质名词时，通常都用非限定性定语从句The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.7. 先行词和从句之间有无逗号会引起句子意思的变化He said nothing that made me unhappy.He said nothing, which made me unhappy.8. 容易混淆的句型9. 定语从句的主谓一致问题。

1．(2009年山东卷)Whenever I met her，________was fairly often，she greeted me with a sweet smile.A．who B．whichC．when D．that【解析】句意为：不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。

which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子。

【答案】 B2．(2009年北京卷)—What do you think of teaching，Bob?—I find it fun and challenging.It is a job________you are doing something serious but interesting.A．where B．whichC．when D．that【解析】句意为：——鲍勃，你认为教书怎么样？——我觉得不仅有趣而且具有挑战性。

它是一份严谨而有趣的工作。

此题考查定语从句。

先行词是a job，把先行词带入从句为：in the job you are doing something serious but interesting，此时where＝in which，故选A。

【答案】 A3．(2009年天津卷)A person________e­mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e­mails.A．who B．whomC．whose D．whoever【解析】句意为：一个人的电子邮件账户满了，就不能收发任何邮件了。

此题考查定语从句。

先行词为a person，代入定语从句后为：The person’s e­mail account is fu ll.由此可见，whose在定语从句中作定语，是形容词性的，修饰名词。

who作主语；whom作宾语；whoever连接代词，“无论谁”，用来引导名词性从句或状语从句。

北师大版高三一轮复习定语从句精讲①定语：是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的质量与特征的。

②从句：复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语局部和谓语局部。

〔与主句相对〕③定语从句：在复合句中作定语的从句；说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一局部)而起定语作用的句子。

④先行词：定语从句的引导词前面的被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。

⑤关系词：引导定语从句的词，可分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词普通位于先行词与定语从句之间，且作为定语从句的一个成分。

关系代词主要有：which that who whom whose as；关系副词主要有：when where why。

试剖析：Her sister has become a layer which she wanted to be.考点一：关系代词的用法1. 关系代词的作用①. 衔接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句衔接起来；②. 替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词；③. 成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充任句子成分〔主语，宾语或表语〕；Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.主句关系代词从句〔衔接主句和从句，在从句中替代〝an old man〞，在从句中充任主语〕2.关系代词的用法分类从句关系代词格用于限制性和非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句指人指物既指人又指物主格词who which that宾格词who(m)属格词whose/of whom whose/ of which whose〔在从句中作定语〕※限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句①. 限制性定语从句起修饰限制的作用，是主句不可少的一局部，与先行词无逗号隔开，翻译成中文常译成前置定语----- 〝...的人〔或东西〕〞。

从句不能省略，去掉它主句意思往往不明白；Those who want to go, sign their names on the paper.②. 非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明的作用，可有可无，省去不影响句子的意思，常用逗号隔开，翻译成并列分句。

第八节定语从句when，why等，在从句中作状语(作时间状语用when；作地点状语用where；作原因状语用why)。

选择定语从句的引导词主要看引导词在从句中所充当的成分。

(2013·高考课标全国Ⅱ卷)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.解析：句意：当我到达的时候，布赖恩带我去看了我将要住的房子。

stay为不及物动词，先行词为house，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该定语从句。

答案为where。

考法总结：设空处无提示词，且设空前的主句结构完整，考虑设空处填连词或是从句引导词；进一步分析可知，设空后的句子不完整，且对the house起限定作用，因此判断设空处引导定语从句。

(2016·高考北京卷改编)I live next door to a couplechildren often make a lot of noise.解析：couple为先行词，whose表所属关系，故选用whose。

考法总结：分析句子结构可知，先行词为a couple，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Thecouple's children often make a lot of noise.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语。

故答案为whose。

(2)考生应注意限制性定语从句中关系代词that与which的区别：①引导词前有介词，且指物时要用which；②先行词是all等不定代词或由序数词、最高级修饰时要用that。

(2014·高考课标全国Ⅰ卷)Maybe you have a habit is driving your familycrazy.解析：句意：可能你有一种让家人发疯的习惯。

分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a habit，且在从句中作主语。

第8节定语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016·高考全国乙卷改编)My connection with pandas goes back to my days ona TV show in the mid1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter permittedto film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2．(2017·湖北七市州联考)There are many forms of communication，include texting, cell phones, email，and social media.3．(2017·东北三省四市模拟)Sometimes, the reasonsomeone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate mystery.4．(2017·河北石家庄二检)Serious head and neck injuries happen most often toathletes play contact sports like football.5．(2017·四川南充模拟)At the age of nine, Zhu De was adopted by his wealthyuncle， political influence allowed him to gain access to Yunnan Military Academy.6．(2017·山东济南模拟)The new program is really a big step up from everythingelse we've seen.7．(2017·甘肃河西五市二次联考)There is a phrasedescribes the noodlemaking process：“One noodle in the boiling water, one flyingin the air, and one just being cut.”8．In their class there are altogether 54 students, half ofwear glasses.9．(2017·山西四校联考)What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lotof open spaces people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air?10．From his travelling diary, we all know that there is such a beautiful place he has described to us.答案及解析：1．解析：when。

专题八定语从句一、概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。

The old man who / whom / that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.其中所饰名词即the old man 称为先行词，引导定语从句并在其中充当句子一个成分的词称为关系词(如上句中的who / whom / that）。

关系词的用法与选择须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

下面分类讲解它们的用法。

二、用法定语从句常用引导词有：that, which, who，whose，as, where, when，why。

1．that 指人或物,作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略)I like the books that were written by Lu Xun.The student that won the first prize is our monitor。

2．which 指物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略)These are the trees which were planted last year.Is this the library (which）you borrow books from？3．who指人,作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）The man who visited our school yesterday is Mr Brown。

He is the man who I want to work with.4．whose 指人或物，作定语,表示“……的”，可转换为“of ＋关系代词".Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing。

I saw some trees whose leaves were black.5．注意that和which的区别(1）先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing，something，no, some, any，few，one等时，关系代词只能用that。