关于中西方美食文化差异的英语
关于中西方美食文化差异的英语
Eating Custom and Practice
American eating is funny. They eat almost everything with a fork, and it appears that holding a knife in one's right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.
饮食的风俗和习惯
美国人的饮食习惯很有趣。他们吃所有东西都用叉子。好像用右手拿刀几秒钟就被认为与好的桌上进餐礼仪相违背。
The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner. Then they put the knife down, transfer the fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to their mouth. This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑), but it is considered good manners.
这种用法就是如果绝对需要用刀的话，人们就用左手拿叉，按平常的方法切下移小块肉和者其它的东西。然后他们把刀放下，把叉转到右手，只有这时他们才把食物送入口中。这显然很滑稽，但却是被认为是好的礼仪。
There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife, Americans don't use one, because obviously this greatly complicates(使复杂化) things, and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes, fish and even bacon(熏猪肉) with a fork. Second, towards the end of a course, since only one implement(器具) is being used, food has to do chased around the plate with the fork - and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place, although one is not supposed to do this.
这样做有几种结果。首先，如果不是绝对需要用到刀，美国人是不用的。因为这样使得事情复杂化了。所以你就会看到他们用叉来切土豆，鱼，甚至熏猪肉。其次，由于只是用了一种器具，在吃完一道菜时，就要用叉来到处弄食物，最后一口往往就需要大拇指的帮忙，虽然是不该用的。
Third, tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks, the outside fork being for the salad. There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork, but if you do use your knife, remember to save it for the meat course.
第三，桌上通常会放一把刀，两把叉，外面的叉是用于吃色拉的。外国人是不必跟美国人一样试图用一把叉来吃色拉。但是如果你用刀，记得用来切肉类。
Even desserts(甜食) (except ice cream) are eaten with a fork if at all possible, and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee (but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).
在可能的情况下，甚至甜食(除了冰淇淋) 都用叉来吃，在你看到的甜品边上的小勺是给你的咖啡用的(但是如果你用它来吃甜品，没人会说什么。
中西方饮食文化差异比较 古人云：民以食为天。在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。 （一）中国的饮食文化 中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。中国人注重“天人合一”。中国饮食以食表意，以物传情。中国的饮食文化令人拍案叫绝，赏心悦目。 中国的传统饮食有四大特点： 1.重食：古人就有“民以食为天”之说。见面常问“吃了没有”，可见饮食文化的地位。朋友离合，送往迎来，人们都习惯在饭桌上表达惜别和欢迎的心情。感情上的风波，人们也往往借酒菜平息。这是饮食活动对社会心理的调节功能。 2.重养：以“五谷”养“六脏”，饮食中重视人体养生保健。中国的饮食注意各种食物的搭配，以相生相克、相辅相成等阴阳调和之理性认识指导烹饪。 3.重味：中国的饮食最注重食物的味，讲究“色、香、味、型”。孙中山先生讲“辩味不精，则烹调之述不妙”，将审美视作烹调的第一要义。 4.重理：对于饮食活动中的情感文化，有个引导和提升品位的问题。中国的饮食提倡健康优美、奋发向上的文化情调，追求一种高尚的情操。 （二）西方国家的饮食文化
西式餐饮的主要特点是：一是生,如牛排带血丝；二是冷,如凡是饮料都加冰块；三是甜，无甜不餐，无餐不甜。此外西式餐饮不讲究精细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。 此外西餐还有以下显著特点： 1.重视各类营养成分的搭配组合，根据人体对各种营养（糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素）和热量的需求来安排菜或加工烹调。 2.选料精细，用料广泛。西餐烹饪在选料时十分精细、考究，而且选料十分广泛。如美国菜常用水果制作菜肴或饭点，咸里带甜；意大利菜则会将各类面食制作成菜肴：各种面片、面条、面花都能制成美味的席上佳肴。 3.讲究调味，调味品种多。西餐烹调的调味品大多不同于中餐，如酸奶油、桂叶、柠檬等都是常用的调味品。 4.注重色泽。在色泽的搭配上则讲究对比、明快，因而色泽鲜艳，能刺激食欲。 5.工艺严谨，烹调方法多样。西餐十分注重工艺流程，讲究科学化、程序化，工序严谨。西餐的烹调方法很多，常用的有煎、烩、烤、焖、焗、炸、熏、铁扒等十几种，其中铁扒、烤、焗最具特色。 6.器皿讲究。烹调的炊具与餐具均有不同于中餐的特点。特别是餐具，除瓷制品外，水晶、玻璃及各类金属制餐具占很大比重。 二、中西方饮食方式的差异 （一）就坐形式的差异中西方的饮食方式有很大不同，这种差异对民族性格也有影响。
Chinese Food Culture 1.Characteristics of cuisines in southern part of China Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the 'Eight Cuisines'. These are as follows: Shandong Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine and Anhui Cuisine. We have roughly separated Chinese cuisine into two genres. They are Cuisines of the north part and the southern part. Cuisines of the southern part of China are really featured. They have various differences with northern cuisine. Firstly, abundant rain drops and sunlight in South China provide favorable conditions for the growth of millet and rice. Compared with people in North China who have to spend much time in cold weather, people in South China are less preferable to meat diet, which contains lots of fat and protein. Southern Chinese prefer plant diet quite a lot. Many people are accustomed to drink soup both before and after the meal. Guangdong Soup(老火靓汤) Secondly, South China is one of the most developed areas in China. It welcomes people from the entire world. As a result, Southern Cuisine, especially Guangdong Cuisine, emphasizes a flavor which is clear but not light, refreshing but not common, tender but not crude. Thirdly,People in South China tend to be more careful and sensitive than northern people. As a result, their dishes as well as appearance are really cute and attractive. Just like dim sum(点心), which means “touch the heart”, is one of the most famous Cantonese meal. It consists of a variety of delicacies and is usually served for breakfast or dinner. Spicy-hot Fish麻辣鱼Mapo Tofu (Stir-Fried Tofu in Hot Sauce)麻婆豆腐Pork Rips排骨)Penaeus orientalis对虾 2.Characteristics of cuisines in northern part of China Cuisines of the north part of China have several characteristics. people in the north tend to eat cooked wheaten food. Or in other words, people eat more food made of flour. This is because the climate here is temperate continental climate, which means there are less rain drops and sunlight. And this climate provides favorable conditions for the growth of wheat. First,When it comes to cooked wheaten food, there is a place many people are familiar with. That is Shanxi(山西). As the saying goes, “east or west, Shanxi cooked wheaten food is best”. Shanxi is famous for its diverse and delicious cooked wheaten food. With a history of 2000years, Shanxi cooked wheaten food is gaining more and more popularity at home and even abroad. Cooked wheaten food in Shanxi,there are round 280 kinds of cooked wheaten food, among which the sliced noodles is the most renowned one. Apart from the sliced noodles刀削面, boiled food also includes hand-pulled noodles拉面, He lao饸饹）Tijian,剔尖Maoerduo猫耳朵, Jiupian(揪片) ，which are all delicious and tasty. As for the cooked food, it includes fried cake(炸糕)、Yi wo su(一窝酥)、fried dough twist （麻花）,Shuai bing(甩饼) and so on. Other steamed wheaten food includes steamed bun、You mian kao lao（莜面栲栳）、Gao liang mian yu（高粱面鱼）. Second, food in the north is often more salty and greasy than that in the south.
1、Beijing: Kaoya (Peking roast duck, 烤鸭) 北京：烤鸭 The cuis ine: Gen erati ons of emperors and blueblooded reside nts have set the sta ndard for highe nd Chin ese cuis ine 、The city is famous for imperial cuis ine, or gua n cai ( 官菜),which uses only premium quality in gredie nts and is cooked with plex tech niq ues 、 烹饪风格：历代皇帝与贵族早已为高端得中式烹饪设定了标准。北京这座城市因其皇家菜肴或就是官菜闻名遐迩，这种菜肴仅选用上等食材佐料,并运用复杂得技巧烹饪而成。 The dish: A perfect kaoya is roasted to a reddish color; its skin remains crispy and the meat oozes a fruity flavor 、 菜肴:最棒得烤鸭烤至淡红色，表皮酥脆，鸭肉口感圆润。 A whole roasted duck is typically served in two ways: the juicy meat and crispy skin are wrapped in man dari n pan cakes with scalli on, cucumber and hois in sauce; and the bones are slowcooked into a tasty soup 、 一整只烤鸭有两种特色吃法：拿薄饼卷着肥美得鸭肉与酥脆得鸭皮，再搭配些青葱丝，黄瓜丝 与海鲜酱；鸭骨架经慢火炖成美味得汤。 2、Chongqing: La zi ji (chilifried chicken cubes, 辣子鸡) 重庆:辣子鸡 The cuisine: Even pared with food from Sichuan, China ' s mecca of spicy dishes, Chongqing cuis ine scores high in spic in ess and numbin duci ng in gredie nts 、 烹饪风格：即使常常拿来与川菜作对比，重庆仍旧就是当之无愧得中国辣菜圣城，在麻辣程度上重庆菜首屈一指。 The dish: La zi ji bines crispy chicke n breast cubes with a fireplace of peppercor n, toasted sesame and dried bird ' seye chilis to create a plate of hot, red delicious ness 、 菜肴:辣子鸡就是将酥脆得鸡胸脯块与干胡椒、芝麻与干辣椒一同翻炒，从而做出一盘子火辣 辣红彤彤得美味。 3、Fujian provinee: Fo tiao qiang (Buddha jumps over the wall, 佛跳墙) 福建省:佛跳墙 The cuis ine: Located along the southeaster n coast of China, Fujia n is famous for fresh seafood, but its flavorful shrimp o il and shrimp paste make the region ' s cuis ine sta nd proud 、 烹饪风格：坐落于中国东南沿海得福建省以其新鲜得海产而闻名，不过福建有名得虾油与虾
中国美食英文介绍 I have a roommate from Shandong, I asked him if I did it right? He said I was right One of the oldest cuisines in China, with a history of 2,500 years. Originates from Confucius family banquet, then adopted by imperial kitchen. Lu cuisine has great influence in north China and has become the representative of North China cuisines Specializes in seafood like prawns, sea cucumber, flounder 在中国最古老的菜系之一，具有2500年历史的。 源于孔子的家庭宴会，由皇家厨房采用。 鲁菜在北中国的重大影响，已成为中国北方菜的代表 专门从事海鲜像虾，海参，比目鱼 Shandong is the birthplace of many famous ancient scholars such as Confucious and Mencius. And much of Shandong cuisine's history is as old as Confucious himself, making it the oldest existing major cuisine in China. 山东是许多著名学者的故乡，例如孔夫子和孟子。许多山东菜的历史和孔夫子一样悠久，使 得山东菜系成为中国现存的最古老的主要菜系之一。 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used
中西方节日文化差异比较 传统的民族节日形成是一个民族的历史文化的长期积淀。节日的由来原因与人们的生活有密切的联系, 它体现了人民丰富的情感 世界, 寄托了人民对生活的热爱。有这样一句名言: “每个民族的每个节日, 正是反映这个民族文化最真实的一面”。可见, 要了解一个民族的文化底蕴, 必须从他们的传统节日入手, 才能了解到他们的 文化特色与民族特点。 一、中西节日的起源与形成差异 中国长期以来处于封建自给自足的农业社会和自然经济中, 其传统 节日具有浓厚的农业色彩,包含了农耕文明的社会特征, 主要是从岁时节令转换而来的。我国古代长期以农为本, 在生产力和农业技术不发达的情况下, 十分重视气候对农作物的影响。在春种、夏长、秋收、冬藏的过程中认识了自然时序的复杂规律, 总结出四时、二十四节气,形成了以节日为主的传统节日。勤劳的中国人民为了更好地生存, 必须大力发展农业, 而农业的发展离不开天气的关照。古人云“春雨贵如油”、“清明忙种麦, 谷雨种大田”。在古代, 春节、清明节( 古代称三月节) 等都是重要的农事节日。 西方文化由于长久受基督教的影响, 其传统节日起源带有浓厚的宗 教色彩, 如情人节( 纪念名叫瓦丁的基督教殉难者) 、复活节( 基督教纪念耶稣复活) 、万圣节( 纪念教会所有圣人) 、圣诞节( 基督教纪念耶稣诞生) , 这些节日的起源大多与宗教有关系。当然, 西方节日中也有和农业有关的节日, 但他们以农业为主的节日的历史不如
中国漫长。 二、中西节日庆祝方式差异 中国的传统节日, 基本是封建社会时期形成的, 不可避免地留下封建社会的痕迹: 等级制、家族式, 节日无不以家族内部活动为中心。西方的传统节日就不同了, 更多的是表现出人们的互动性、集体性和狂欢性, 以自我为中心, 崇尚个性张扬。这与中国节日的家族性恰好相反, 体现了西方文化的群体性, 反映了人们渴望互相交流、群体参与的愿望,体现了人人平等、自由表现自我的特点。这里试举两例说明。 ( 1) 春节与新年。作为新一年的开始, 中西方有着极大差异的庆祝方式。春节作为中国最重要的传统节日, 源于秦朝, 定于每年农历的一月一日, 从农历12月23日开始, 人民开始开展各种庆祝方式, 一直持续到元宵节。春节的习俗繁多, 如大扫除、吃团圆饭拜年、放鞭炮, 舞狮子等。总之, 不论是大街小巷, 都笼罩着一股浓浓的喜庆气氛。而西方, 他们崇尚的是过公历新年, 即元旦。相比之下他们过年的方式就浪漫多了, 在12月31日晚, 各地区的人民涌上街道,进行盛大的狂欢, 到了深夜接近零时时, 数十万人会聚集于一起, 诚心地祈祷, 为新的一年的到来倒计时。当大钟敲响12下, 顿时, 优美的乐曲奏响, 揭开了华丽舞会的序幕, 人们通宵达旦地庆祝。 可见, 春节与新年各有千秋: 春节, 充满浓厚的传统气息和独有的魅力; 新年, 体现时代的气息和潮流的感觉, 更贴近现代生活。( 2) 万圣节与中元节。万圣节作为西方的重要节日之一, 颇受人民
细数《舌尖上的中国》美食英文名 2012年5月14日，纪录片《舌尖上的中国》登陆央视一套晚间档，这是一部记录了中国千年沉淀下来的饮食文化为主的纪录片，下面我们就来看看片中菜名的英文翻译。 【片中菜名的英文翻译】 莲藕排骨汤：lotus root and rip soup 鱼头泡饼：bread soaked in fish head soup 炸藕夹：deep-fried lotus root sandwich 腌笃鲜：bamboo shoot soup with fresh and pickled streaky pork 烤松茸：roasted matsutake 油焖春笋：braised bamboo shoot 酸菜鱼：boiled fish with pickled cabbage and chili 香煎马鲛鱼：decocted mackerel 酸辣藕丁：hot and sour lotus root 葱油椒盐花卷：steamed twisted rolls with scallion and spicy salt 馒头：steamed bread 干炒牛河：stir-fried rice noodles with beef 腊汁肉夹馍：Chinese hamburger 羊肉泡馍：pita bread soaked in lamb soup 兰州拉面：Lanzhou hand-pulled noodles 岐山臊子面：Qishan minced noodles 端午粽子：zongzi 青菜炒年糕：rice cake stir-fried with vegetables 毛蟹炒年糕：rice cake stir-fried with crabs 扁豆焖面：braised noodles with lentil 山西焖面：Shanxi braised noodles 清明团子：sweet green rice ball
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白菜豆腐焖酥肉：Braised Pork Cubes with Tofu and Chinese Cabbage 鲍鱼红烧肉：Braised Pork with Abalone 鲍汁扣东坡肉：Braised Dongpo Pork with Abalone Sauce 百叶结烧肉：Stewed Pork Cubes and Tofu Skin in Brown Sauce 碧绿叉烧肥肠：Steamed Rice Rolls with BBQ Pork Intestines and Vegetables 潮式椒酱肉：Fried Pork with Chili Soy Sauce，Chaozhou Style 潮式凉瓜排骨：Spare Ribs with Bitter Melon，Chaozhou Style 豉油皇咸肉：Steamed Preserved Pork in Black Sauce 川味小炒：Shredded Pork with Vegetables, Sichuan Style 地瓜烧肉：Stewed Diced Pork and Sweet Potatoes 东坡方肉：Braised Dongpo Pork 冬菜扣肉：Braised Pork with Preserved Vegetables 方竹笋炖肉：Braised Pork with Bamboo Shoots 干煸小猪腰：Fried Pig Kidney with Onion 干豆角回锅肉：Sautéed Spicy Pork with Dried Beans 干锅排骨鸡：Griddle Cooked Spare Ribs and Chicken 咕噜肉：Gulaorou (Sweet and Sour Pork with Fat) 怪味猪手：Braised Spicy Pig Feet 黑椒焗猪手：Baked Pig Feet with Black Pepper 红烧狮子头：Stewed Pork Ball in Brown Sauce 脆皮乳猪：Crispy BBQ Suckling Pig 回锅肉片：Sautéed Sliced Pork with Pepper and Chili 木耳肉片：Sautéed Sliced Pork with Black Fungus 煎猪柳：Pan-Fried Pork Filet 酱烧排骨：Braised Spare Ribs in Brown Sauce 酱猪手：Braised Pig Feet in Brown Sauce 椒盐肉排：Spare Ribs with Spicy Salt 椒盐炸排条：Deep-Fried Spare Ribs with Spicy Salt 金瓜东坡肉：Braised Dongpo Pork with Melon 京酱肉丝：Sautéed Shredded Pork in Sweet Bean Sauce 焗肉排：Baked Spare Ribs 咖喱肉松煸大豆芽：Sautéed Minced Pork with Bean Sprouts in Curry Sauce 腊八豆炒腊肉：Sautéed Preserved Pork with Fermented Soy Beans 腊肉炒香干：Sautéed Preserved Pork with Dried Tofu Slices 榄菜肉菘炒四季豆：Sautéed French Beans with Minced Pork and Olive Pickles 萝卜干腊肉：Sautéed Preserved Pork with Dried Radish 毛家红烧肉：Braised Pork，Mao's Family Style 米粉扣肉：Steamed Sliced Pork Belly with Rice Flour 蜜汁火方：Braised Ham in Honey Sauce 蜜汁烧小肉排：Stewed Spare Ribs in Honey Sauce 木须肉：Sautéed Sliced Pork, Eggs and Black Fungus 南瓜香芋蒸排骨：Steamed Spare Ribs with Pumpkin and Taro 砂锅海带炖排骨：Stewed Spare Ribs with Kelp en Casserole 砂锅排骨土豆：Stewed Spare Ribs with Potatoes en Casserole
中国美食英文名称 汤soup 羹soup 高汤thin soup; light soup; clear soup; consomme 清汤thin soup; light soup; clear soup; consomme 浓汤thick soup; pottage/potage 老汤soup stock 肉汤broth 骨头汤bone broth 肉片汤soup with meat slices 黄瓜肉片汤soup with meat and cucumber slices 肉片鱼羹sliced meat with fish paste in broth 丸子汤soup with meat balls; pork balls soup 氽丸子soup with meat balls; pork balls soup 肉圆粉丝汤pork balls soup with bean noodles 白肺汤pork lung soup 牛肉汤beef soup 羊肉汤mutton soup 鸡汤chicken soup; soup with chicken 鸡块汤soup with chicken slices; soup with sliced chicken; sliced chicken soup 鸡丝汤soup with shredded chicken; shredded chicken soup 草菇鸡片汤sliced chicken with mushrooms in soup 鸡茸玉米汤corn soup with minced chicken 鸡茸芦笋汤asparagus soup with mashed chicken 鸡茸黄鱼羹yellow croaker potage with minced chicken 鸡杂汤chicken giblets soup 鸡什汤chicken giblets soup 蔬菜鸡什汤chicken giblets soup with vegetables 鸭汤duck soup 火鸭芥菜汤sliced roasted duck with leaf mustered in soup 芥菜鸭汤duck soup with pickled mustard leaves 鸭掌汤duck web soup 竹笋鸭掌汤ducks feet with bamboo shoots in soup 鸭肝汤duck liver soup 冬菇鸭杂汤duck giblets soup with black mushrooms 鸭骨菜汤duck bone soup with vegetables 汤泡肫球gizzard balls in soup 三鲜汤soup with fish, shrimps and pork balls 红鱼汤fish soup with tomato 黄鱼羹yellow croaker chowder 鲫鱼汤soup with gold carp; gold carp soup 鱼翅汤soup with sharks fins 鲍鱼汤soup with abalone; abalone soup 鲍鱼鸡片汤abalone soup with sliced chicken 鲍鱼芦笋汤abalone soup with asparagus 干贝汤dried scallop soup; soup with dried scallops 燕窝汤birds nest soup 燕窝羹birds nest soup 蛇羹snake soup; soup with snake 酸辣汤sour and pepper hot soup 豆腐汤bean－cud soup 蔬菜汤vegetables soup 榨菜汤hot pickled tuber mustard soup 榨菜肉丝汤hot pickled tuber mustard soup with shredded pork 榨菜粉丝汤hot pickled tuber mustard soup with bean noodles 什锦瓜丁汤assorted meat soup with diced white gourd 鸡蛋羹steamed egg custard 鸡蛋汤eggdrop soup; egg soup 木须汤eggdrop soup; egg soup 蛋花汤eggdrop soup; egg soup 蕃茄鸡蛋汤egg soup with tomatoes 锅巴口蘑汤mushroom soup with fried rice crust 白豆汤white bean soup 玉米羹sweet corn soup 家禽poultry 1)鸡chicken 炒鸡丁stir－fried chicken cubes; stir－fried diced chicken 笋菇鸡丁stir－fried diced chicken with bamboo shoots and mushrooms 宫爆鸡丁stir－fried diced chicken with chilli/chili sauce and peanuts 辣酱鸡丁stir－fried diced chicken with chilli/chili sauce 果仁鸡丁stir－fried diced chicken with peanuts 酱爆鸡丁stir－fried diced chicken with flour paste; quick－fried diced chicken with soybean paste 辣子鸡丁stir－fried diced chicken with green pepper 青椒鸡丁stir－fried diced chicken with green pepper 豌豆鸡丁stir－fried diced chicken with green peas 烩鸡丁口蘑braised diced chicken with mushrooms 烩鸡丝stewed shredded chicken 炒鸡丝stir－fried shredded chicken with bamboo shoots 笋炒鸡丝stir－fried shredded chicken with bamboo shoots 黄瓜炒鸡丝stir－fried chicken shreds with cucumber shreds 炒鸡丝蛰皮stir－fried chicken shreds with jelly fish 炒竹笋鸡脯stir－fried chicken breast with bamboo shoots 熘鸡脯quick－fried chicken breast with thick gravy 炒鸡片stir－fried chicken slices with green pepper 炒鲜椒鸡片stir－fried chicken slices with green pepper 炒竹笋鸡片stir－fried chicken slices with bamboo shoots; stir－fried sliced chicken with bamboo shoots 冬笋鸡片stir－fried chicken slices with bamboo shoots; stir－fried sliced chicken with bamboo shoots 火腿鸡片stir－fried sliced chicken with ham 芙蓉鸡片stir－fried sliced chicken with egg－white; stir－fried chicken slices with egg－white sauce; stir－fried chicken slices with egg－white puffs 凤肝鸡片stir－fried sliced chicken with chicken liver 糖醋鸡条fried sliced chicken with sweet and sour sauce 炸烹鸡条grilled sliced chicken with sauce 双冬鸡条braised sliced chicken with mushrooms and bamboo shoots 烩鸡丝豌豆braised shredded chicken with peas 红烧鸡块braised chicken chips with brown sauce 黄焖鸡块braised chicken chips with brown sauce 焖鸡腿braised chicken legs 罐焖鸡braised chicken in pot; pot－braised chicken 沙锅鸡stewed sliced chicken soup in earthen pot 栗子鸡stewed chicken with chestnuts 栗子烧鸡stewed chicken with chestnuts
中西方电影文化差异比较姓名：陈家梅 院系：教育与音乐学院 班级：艺术管理 学号：20111062417
摘要中西文化差异，究其根源主要与自然环境、民族传统、思维模式、处世态度、宗教信仰、价值观等有关。本文通过对中西方电影的比较分析，可以透视中西文化的差异。 关键词：中西文化中西电影差异 电影是特定文化的产物，反映一个国家或地区的文化。不同国家的文化差异自然反映在他们的电影当中。因此，分析电影是了解不同国家文化差异的很好途径。中西电影中的文化差异究其根源，主要与自然环境、民族传统、思维模式、处世态度、宗教信仰、价值观等有关。本文将从以下几方面分析中西电影中的文化差异。 一中西电影中的宗教差异 基督教是世界最大的宗教之一，公元4世纪时成为罗马帝国的主要教派，中世纪时期欧洲大部分人都成为了基督教徒，同时，基督教也在中东、北非和印度部分地区成为了少数教派。紧接着地理大发现之后，经过传教士的不断传播和殖民扩张，基督教传至美洲、澳洲，而后遍布世界各地。因此，基督教对西方文明的成型有着重大影响作用。 佛教起源于印度，约在公元1世纪开始从古印度经丝绸之路传至中国，并得到了皇室的重视，许多佛经被引入中国，许多印度高僧来华讲道。随着时间的推移，中国佛教又衍发出许多流派。这些流派大多融入了儒家思想、道家思想或其它一些哲学思想，渐渐地中国佛教摒弃了那些不适合中国社会的规则与条例，融入了一些新的教义，成为了中华文明的一部分，并带有自己的特色。佛教对中国人的思想起着重要作用，影响着我们的美学、政治、文学、哲学和医药等方面，当然也影响着我们的电影。 1 基督教对西方电影的影响 基督教三大教义分别是三位一体、原罪与救赎。三位一体就是圣父、圣子与圣灵是上帝的三个不同表现。原罪是人类堕落的结果，人类始祖偷吃禁果的行为通常被认为是原罪的起因，只有上帝的恩赐可以解救堕落的人类。救赎就是上帝和其他一些更高的力量，通过赐予人类永恒的生命或来生，来拯救人类精神上的死亡与终身诅咒。基督教认为人类需要从现状中解脱出来，然而，从长远角度来看，人类要完全得到救赎是不可能的。救赎在基督教中是一个核心教义，意思是只要人们心中有上帝，也终将被上帝所救。 救赎的理念代表着基督教的思想。这种思想无疑也影响着西方电影，不仅反映在宗教电影中，如《约翰福音》、《马太福音》、《最后的诱惑》等，也反映在其它一些电影当中，如《肖申克的救赎》。这部电影讲述了一个在信仰缺失的年代里有关救赎的故事，救赎的是信仰，被救赎是希望。救赎是一场战斗，希望对绝望，自由对监禁。这也是人类尊严与人性的斗争。安迪救赎了他的狱友，因为他坚定的信仰是对邪恶与绝望最好的武器。不同于其它的宗教电影，《肖》中的救世主不是上帝，而是希望，被救赎的是自由。在安迪入狱之前，肖申克监狱的条件非常恶劣，犯人毫无人权可言。典狱长是个彻头彻尾的伪基督，把犯人当作廉价劳动力。安迪入狱之后，这位不满现状的银行家虽无力改变，但他的出现至少给犯人们带来了希望和生命之光。至于安迪，他就是现代版的耶稣。他的受难也
中国美食菜谱英文名称大全 汤soup 羹soup 高汤thin soup; light soup; clear soup; consomme 清汤thin soup; light soup; clear soup; consomme 浓汤thick soup; pottage/potage 老汤soup stock 肉汤broth 骨头汤bone broth 肉片汤soup with meat slices 黄瓜肉片汤soup with meat and cucumber slices 肉片鱼羹sliced meat with fish paste in broth 丸子汤soup with meat balls; pork balls soup 氽丸子soup with meat balls; pork balls soup 肉圆粉丝汤pork balls soup with bean noodles 白肺汤pork lung soup 牛肉汤beef soup 羊肉汤mutton soup 鸡汤chicken soup; soup with chicken 鸡块汤soup with chicken slices; soup with sliced chicken; sliced chicken soup 鸡丝汤soup with shredded chicken; shredded chicken soup 草菇鸡片汤sliced chicken with mushrooms in soup
鸡茸玉米汤corn soup with minced chicken 鸡茸芦笋汤asparagus soup with mashed chicken 鸡茸黄鱼羹yellow croaker potage with minced chicken 鸡杂汤chicken giblets soup 鸡什汤chicken giblets soup 蔬菜鸡什汤chicken giblets soup with vegetables 鸭汤duck soup 火鸭芥菜汤sliced roasted duck with leaf mustered in soup 芥菜鸭汤duck soup with pickled mustard leaves 鸭掌汤duck web soup 竹笋鸭掌汤duck’s feet with bamboo shoots in soup 鸭肝汤duck liver soup 冬菇鸭杂汤duck giblets soup with black mushrooms 鸭骨菜汤duck bone soup with vegetables 汤泡肫球gizzard balls in soup 三鲜汤soup with fish, shrimps and pork balls 红鱼汤fish soup with tomato 黄鱼羹yellow croaker chowder 鲫鱼汤soup with gold carp; gold carp soup 鱼翅汤soup with shark’s fins 鲍鱼汤soup with abalone; abalone soup 鲍鱼鸡片汤abalone soup with sliced chicken