翻译课件7 减译法

6. I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total
stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound. 我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家、吃 他的、喝他的，一直等到下一班船到来，把我带到我要去的港 口为止──想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。
牛奶按磅计价。（牛奶是 论磅卖。）
[<]
当然，有些场合，冠词是不能省略的。比如不定冠词a 或an 表示数量“一”时，定冠词the 表示“这”或“那” 时，均不能省略。 6). He left without a word. 他一句话不说就走了。 7). The children are of an age.
练习
[<]
1. We can not see sound waves as they travel through air. 2. The dog is stretching itself. 3. It was a cold, dark day, the sky overcast. 4. I can do it, and so can you. 5. Smoking is not allowed in the store-house. 6. Where there is a will, there is a way. 7. A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainment but no virtue. 8. 他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。 9. 礼拜天我们不上学。 10. 孩子就是孩子。


汉语中没有冠词，代词，连词，介词用得也少。英语译成汉语 时，这类词常常省略不译，这是语法角度上的省略。另外，有 时牺牲原句中一些次要的部分，使译文简洁明了，顺畅自然， 反而会更加切合于原文的意思。这是修辞角度上的省略。
减词一般用于以下两种情况：
一是从语法角度进行减省； 二是从修饰角度进行减省。 连接词、介词、代词、动词等方面的减词。
得寸进尺。
在译成汉语时，多省掉。又 如: “You can never tell.”译为： “很难说”。
If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. I have received your letter and read it with delight. 我收到了你的信，愉快地读了。
2). We live and learn.
活到老，学到老。

如上第2例，英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时，常常可以省略，翻译成无 主句。 As you come into the room, you’ll notice a piano.

一进房间门，就会看见一台钢琴。
One can never be too careful in one’s work. 工作越仔细越好。 Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win. 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。


We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day.
一周有七天，一天有24小时。
Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in 英语句子的主语是泛指的， new Campus.
新校区处处可以看到新人、新事物。
Omission 减词法
Class outline

I. Teaching contents Omission in translation


II. Aims of teaching
To make s来自百度文库udents skilled in translation.
III. Teaching Focus
[<]
2). In July, 1956, Egypt had seized the Suez Canal. 一九五六年七月，埃及占领了苏伊士运河。 比较：埃及占领苏伊士运河是在一九五六年。 3). And on July 1st, 1999, I graduated from university.
3. 省略前置词（介词）
一般说来， 表示时间和地点的英语前置词，译成汉 语如出现在句首，大都可以省略，出现在句尾时大都不 省。如：
1). The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。 比较：中华人民共和国成立于一九四九年。
[<]
3). Early to rise and early to bed makes a man healthy wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人身体健康，富有且明智。 4). If winter comes, can spring be far behind? （表条件）
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
教师应当有耐心。（省略表示类别的不定冠词A）
4). The girl standing at the window is his girlfriend.
站在窗口的（那个）女孩是他女朋友。
此句中girl后有定语，汉译时定冠词The 可省也可保 留。） 5). Milk is sold by the pound.
这些孩子都是同岁的。
意义或修辞角度上的省略
意义角度上的省译
是指在能用汉语完全表达原文的意义时对原文某些 词的省略，但不可能对原文的内容任意删减。英语句子中 有些短语重复出现，英译汉时可按情况作适当省略。 为了使译文简洁晓畅、"文约而意丰"，这样的词语必须 省去或是精简。
1. It has been three years since he began to smoke
Students’ ability in dealing with the techniques. IV. Teaching Method Discussion (group work, then class work). V. Teaching procedures
Omission (省译法)
Opposite to the principle of amplification, omission is however not contradictory to it. On contrary, omission supplementary to amplification, omits what is considered necessary and indispensable in English may be deemed useless, superfluous and even encumbrance. This principal makes the version brief, concise and clear. For example, 1). A book is useful. 书（是）有用（的）。 2). The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 3). On Sundays we have no school. 礼拜天我们不上课。

3. It is required that the machine should be maintained at regular intervals.
机器需要定期维修。（意思在汉语中已暗含，译出反 显累赘。） 4. Williams Sidney Porter, who is known under his pen name, O. Henry, is one of the best known writers of America. 威廉.悉尼.波特尔，笔名欧.享利，是美国最著名的作家之 一。 5. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。
他看上去有些忧愁不安。
2). As the temperature increase, the volume of water becomes greater. （表原因）
温度升高，水的体积就增大。 As it is late, you’d better go home. 时间不早了，你该回家了。（省译原因的从属连词as）
语法角度可以根据具体情况，可分为：冠词、
1. 省略代词
英语中通常每句都有主语。但根据汉语习惯，但前 句出现一个主语且后句仍为同一主语时，后句主语一般 省掉。如：
1).He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.
他消瘦而憔悴，看上去痛苦不堪的样子（一副可怜相）。
7. Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened. 她那双乌黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在闪烁，他平素醒来的时 候，她也是这样望着他。
What is Omission ?

It is to leave out some unnecessary words. 减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、 且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。 省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其 词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而只喻的。

他抽烟三年了。 （“自从他开始抽烟以来已经有三年了。”这样译虽然照 顾了形又照顾了义，可却不是地道的汉语了。）
.
2. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me. 那时打我并且使我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆，而是老老少 少各式各样的人。 (如加上“打我并且使我挨饿”就不能够精练。）
例4、5汉译时常把英语中作宾语的代词省掉。 尤其是例4，省略了做主语的代词，宾语的代词，连句中的连词 “if” 也省略了，但思想内容却丝毫未变，形神皆备。
[<]
而下面的例子却恰当地省略了物主代词。 I wash my face in the morning. 我早上洗脸。
He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.
一九九九年七月一日，我大学毕业了。
4). Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟。
[<]
4. 省略冠词
英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往 要将冠词省略。相反，汉译英时，多要增加冠词，也 就是增译法中的增加冠词。如： 1). A book is useful.
他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。
[<]
2. 省略连词
英语重形合，词与词，短语之间，句子之间的关系，主要过连 词表达；而汉语重意合，词与词之间靠顺序体现，句子之间的关 系也往往通过句序体现。翻译时，可以根据实际情况省略连词。 如： 1). He looked gloomy and troubled. （表并列）
5). When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when
things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.
（表时间）
东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。
[<]
（是）有用（的）。
2). The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳转。 （省略表示独一无二的事物的定冠词 the）又如：The moon was slowly rising above the sea.）
[<]
3). A teacher should have patience in his work.