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3.Copernicusdidn’tshoFwhisnewtheorytohisfriends untilhecompletedit.
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4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.
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5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChur
Onepossibleversion:
DearNicolausCopernicus,
IamastudentstudyingastronomyandIwouldverymuchli ketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyou willpublishitforseveralreasons.
3.Asascientist,youmusthavethecouragetopublishyourfin dings.Nomatterhowpeopleopposethem,timewillshowif yourideasarerightorwrong.
• WriteashortletteraskingCopernicustopublishhisideassoev eryonecanreadthem.
Between1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyim provinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.
(5)Howdidheexplainchangesinthemovementofthepl anetsandinthebrightnessofthestars?Whendidhepubl ishhisidea?(Para4)
ch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinis
Baidu Nhomakorabea
hedworkingonit.
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6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswh omadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse.
T
Readcarefullyandtrytodrawthetwotheoriesofthe universe.
Mnemonics(记忆术) MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturnUr anusNeptune
Canyouuseagoodmethodtomemorizethem?
MyVeryEasyMethod:JustSetUpNine Planets.
Readthroughthepassage,andtellwhetherthefoll owingstatementsaretrueorfalse.
BecausethepowerfulChistianChurchwouldhavep unishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea
(2)Whatwashistheoryabout?(Para1) Allhismathematicalcalculationsledtothesameconcl usion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsyste m.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsofth eotherplanetsintheskymakesense.
Copernicus’RevolutionaryTheory
EightPlanetsIn theSolarSystem
EightPlanetsInth eSolarSystem:
Mercury水星 Venus金星 Earth地球 Mars火星 Jupiter木星 Saturn土星 Uranus天王星 Neptune海王星
Discussion:
IfyouwereNicolausCopernicus,wouldyouhavehidde nyourtheoryforsomanyyears?Why?
Asascientist,Copernicuswasmorecautiousthancowar d.Ifhehadpublishedhisideasathistime,hewouldhaveb eenkilledjustasBrunowhowasburnttodeathbecausehi stheorywasagainsttheChristianChurch’s.Everytime whenanewideaappears,therearealwaysrejections.It’s normal.Scientistsshouldhavepatiencetospreadtheirtr uth.
Pre-reading
WeknowthefirstscientistisCopernicus.Hewason eofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservat ionstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisth ecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplan etswentaroundit.ThechartonP.7showshistheory.
Analyzethefollowingpicturecarefullyan dtrytoexplainhowaloopisformed.
Readthetextca refully,thenan swertheseques tions
(1)Whycouldhenottellabouthistheory?(Para 1)
BeforeCopernicus’th ShowingCopernicus’
eory
theory
TheEarthwasstationaryatt hecenterofthesolarsystem ,andtheSunandplanetsrev olvedaroundit.
TheSunisstationaryatth ecenterofthesolarsyste m,andtheEarthandtheot herplanetsorbitaroundit.
Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwit htheplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoing roundtheearth.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwasspi nningasitwentrounditandthisexplainchangesinthem ovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars.
1. AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchar
geofmanywesterncountries.
T
2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,so meplanetsappearsinfrontoforbehindtheearth.
Disagree:
1.Copernicuswasverycoward.Heshouldspeakouthisdisc overyandlettheworldknowthetruthearlier.
2.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourage oftheirbeliefs.
Agree: 1.Hewascautious.ifhehadpublishedhisideas,he wouldhavebeenkilledjustasBrunowhowas burnedtodeathbecausehistheorywasagainst theChristianChurch. 2.Everytimewhenanewideaappears,thereare alwaysrejections.It’snormal.Scientistsshould havepatiencetospreadtheirtruth. 3.Itmadenosenseforhimtopublishhistheoryina hurry.Hewasjustcautiousnotcoward.Heshould protecthimselffirst.
◆Asascientist,oneshouldbebrave.ButCopernicuswasaf raidofbeingattackedbytheChristianChurch.Sohehadhi ddenhistheoryforsomanyyears.Whatdoyouthinkofthis?
(3)Whathadtheastronomersnoticedinthesky? (Para2) Theyhadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseeme dtostop,movebackwardandthengoforwardinalo op.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrigh tatothers. (4)WhendidCopernicuscompletehistheory?(P ara3)
高中英语课件
（金戈铁骑 整理制作）
Reading,writingandlearningtips
born:inPolandin1473 died:May24,1543
Copernicus
ReadthepassageandfindtheexperiencesofCopernicus:
Birth:February19,1473 Death:May24,1543 PlaceofBirth:Toruń,Poland Career: 1491-1494StudiedmathematicsatKrakówAcademy 1496WenttoItalytostudyastronomyandlawattheUniversityofBologna 1497BeganobservationsoftheSun,Moon,andplanets 1514WroteCommentariolus,anoutlineofhisastronomicalideas,butdi dnotcirculateitwidely 1543PublishedDeRevolutionibusOrbiumCoelestium(OntheRevoluti onsoftheCelestial)
Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Theway theplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwas thecenteroftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofs omestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneeda newtheory.
Hepublisheditashelaydyingin1543
(6)Whydopeoplethinkthatthereisadirectlinkbetween hisideasandtheworkofIsaacNewton,AlbertEinstei nandStephenHawking?
Becausehistheoryisnowthebaseonwhichallouridea softheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChri stianideaofgravitywhichsaidthingsfelltoearthbeca useGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheuniverse, Heshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.
