(完整)初中现在完成时和过去完成时讲解及综合练习
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/view/5278951352d380eb62946d11.html现在完成时讲解现在完成时1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如:She has never read this novel.他从未读过这本小说.(他对小说的内容不了解)2、表示"过去的动作"一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago. 注:在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词。
如:He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注意have/has been to 表示"去过"(去了又回来了)have/has gone to 表示"去过"(去了没回来了)I have been to Guangzhou before.Mike gone to London yesterday.现在完成时的构成:have / has + 过去分词现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式总结:否定句结构:一般疑问句结构:例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!--How long ______ he ______ a fever?--- Ever since last night.A. have, gotB. have , hadC. have, caughtD. did, have解析:此句表示从昨晚起持续到现在的状态,应用现在完成时,去掉答案D。
可编辑修改精选全文完整版现在完成时与过去完成时练习题及答案一、选择题:1. I _______ my homework already.A. have finishedB. finishedC. had finished2. Sarah _______ to the new movie yet.A. hasn't beenB. hasn't goneC. didn't go3. By the time I arrived, they _______ the meeting.A. have finishedB. finishedC. had finished4. How long _______ this book?A. have you readB. did you readC. had you read5. He _______ breakfast when I called him this morning.A. hadB. hasC. was having6. _______ to the store before you went home?A. Did you goB. Have you goneC. Had you gone7. I _______ him for a long time.A. have not seenB. did not seeC. had not seen8. She _______ her car keys.A. lostB. has lostC. had lost9. We _______ the project by the deadline.A. have not finishedB. did not finishC. had not finished10. By the time we arrived at the party, they _______ all the food.A. have eatenB. had eatenC. ate答案:1. A2. A3. C4. A5. C6. C7. A8. B9. A 10. B二、填空题:1. He _______ (already/finish) his homework.2. They _______ (not/be) to the new restaurant yet.3. By the time he arrived, the train _______ (already/leave).4. How long _______ you _______ (already/read) this book?5. She _______ (be) tired because she _______ (already/work) all day.6. _______ you _______ (ever/go) to Paris before?7. I _______ (not/see) him since last year.8. They _______ (already/lose) their way in the forest.9. We _______ (not/finish) the project on time.10. By the time they came to the party, we _______ (already/eat) all the cake.答案:1. has already finished2. haven't been3. had already left4. have you already read5. is, has already worked6. Have, ever been7. haven't seen8. have already lost9. haven't finished 10. had already eaten三、改错题:1. I have never been to London before.2. She have already cooked dinner.3. They had already arrived when I got there.4. How long have you know each other?5. By the time we arrived, they left the party.6. I had seen him since yesterday.答案:1. √2. have -> has3. √4. have -> have you known5. left -> had left6. seen -> not seen四、句子翻译题:1. 我已经完成作业了。
2024届九年级英语中考一轮复习【语法专题】现在完成时和过去完成时知识点考点总结(讲义)九年级英语教研室整理现在完成时现在完成时态是中学阶段一个学习的难点和重点,相对来说比较难的一个语法点。
它涉及到对这个时态意义的充分理解和正确应用,连用的标志词也比较多,还有延续性动词和非延续性动词,在过去时和完成时之间的相互转换应用,以及have been to /gone to区别。
一,现在完成时的构成现在完成时的基本结构:助动词have/ has+动词的过去分词(pp)肯定句:I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了.否定句:I haven't seen the film.我没有看过这部电影。
疑问句:Have you seen the film?Yes,I have.No, I haven't.你看过这部电影了吗?是的,我看过了。
不,我没看过。
二,现在完成时的用法及时间标志①表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一个动作,对现在造成的影响。
常用的时间标志有:already, just ,yet ,before, so far, recently,ever, never,until now,in the past five years等She has already cleaned her bedroom.她已经打扫过她的卧室了。
She hasn't cleaned her bedroom yet.她还没打扫她的卧室呢。
Have you decided yet?你已经决定了吗?注意: already常用在肯定句中,意为“已经”,yet用在一般疑问句和否定句末。
在一般疑问中,意为“已经”在否定句中,意为“还”。
She has just e back from Paris.她刚从巴黎回来。
She has written three books so far.到目前为止,她已经写了三本书了。
(练习试题)现在完成时和过去完成时专项练习试题一、单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him.(呼和浩特)A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______?A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far.—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; goodC. has changed ; betterD. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years.A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. KnowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. SawD.see9、—These farmers have been to the United States.—Really ? When _____ there ?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finishedD. will; do; finish11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978.A. JoinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?— Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here?—About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army.A. isB. hasC. willD. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library.A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom,_____?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、_____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____ to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、 His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left theuniversity二、句型转换。
(word完整版)初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义现在完成时1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词在句子中做谓语,说明句子的含义。
2.用法(1)动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如:-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。
(现在我不饿了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如:He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。
(可能还要继续教)I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。
(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。
但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
中考初中英语现在完成时讲解+练习I.定义:1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
2.也可以表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构have/has+ done (过去分词)注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since 等表示一段时间的词连用。
用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait 等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。
如:I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。
III.现在完成时的时间状语1.ever, never, twice(once…), so far(到目前为止), , already(肯定句), yet(否定,疑问句), just(刚刚), before(以前), recently(近来)等词连用2.Since+时间点,for+时间段,in the past/last few years表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。
用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。
说明:already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。
yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。
例如:I have already finished my homework.I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用IV.现在完成时的用法A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)。
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past )”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成:过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成,其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:( 1 )by + 过去的时间点。
如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.( 2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3 )before + 过去的时间点。
如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在:( 1 )宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。
完整)初中现在完成时讲解以及练习题等;for后接一段时间,o hours。
three days。
a week等。
例如:He has been working here since last year.___.b)已经完成的动作或状态对现在仍有影响或结果时,用现在完成时。
例如:I have lost my keys。
(现在我找不到钥匙。
)___(现在她还在康复。
)c)现在完成时不可以和具体的时间状语连用,如yesterday。
last week等。
如果要表示具体时间,应该用一般过去时。
例如:I saw him ___。
(不可以说I have ___.)暑期研究一:现在完成时讲解现在完成时通常表示已经完成的动作或持续一段时间的状态。
说话人强调该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成。
第三人称单数用has,其余用have。
否定式直接在助动词后面加上not,疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
例如:肯定式I have studied…You have studied…He has studied…否定式I have not (haven’t) studied…You have not (haven’t) studied…He has not (hasn’t) studied…否定疑问式Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…?Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…?Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…?简单回答(肯定/否定)Yes。
you have。
No。
you haven’t.Yes。
I have。
No。
I haven’t.Yes。
he has。
No。
he hasn’t。
疑问式Have I studied…?Have you studied…?___…?现在完成时还可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如already。
九年级专项练习题过去完成时和现在完成时的用法和区别练习过去完成时和现在完成时是英语语法中的两个重要时态。
它们在句子中用来表示过去和现在的动作或状态的完成。
虽然它们都表示完成的动作或状态,但它们之间有一些区别。
本文将详细介绍过去完成时和现在完成时的用法和区别。
一、过去完成时的用法1. 表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。
例句:He had finished his homework before his parents came back.翻译:他在父母回来之前已经完成了作业。
2. 表示在过去的某个时间点之前已经发生的连续或经常性的动作。
例句:She had been studying English for three years before she went to the United States.翻译:她在去美国之前已经学了三年英语。
3. 与表示过去某个时间的状语连用,表示过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例句:By the time I arrived, they had already left.翻译:当我到达时,他们已经离开了。
二、现在完成时的用法1. 表示过去某个时间开始的动作一直延续到现在,或者过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。
例句:I have lived in this city for ten years.翻译:我在这个城市已经住了十年了。
2. 表示过去发生的动作对现在可能发生或已经发生的事情产生影响。
例句:She has lost her keys, so she can't open the door.翻译:她丢失了钥匙,所以她无法打开门。
3. 表示过去发生的动作或经历,对现在的理解或态度产生了影响。
例句:I have read many books about history, so I know a lot about it.翻译:我读过很多关于历史的书,所以对它了解很多。
现在完成时现在完成时构成:主语+ have/has + P.P. (过去分词)一.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。
(1) He has learned English for about 7 years.(2) They have lived in Beijing ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧.sin .2000sin .10there came they ce ce years for(3) My uncle has taught in that school ⎩⎨⎧.2000sin .10ce years for 对划线部分提问:How long has your uncle taught in that school?(4) A: How long has your father worked in that company?B: He has worked there ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧.sin .1990sin .20army the left he ce ce years for注意:① 一次性动词可以有完成时,但不能与for 或since 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
②要想和一段时间连用,需要把一次性动词转换成相应的延续性动词。
如:come —be here, go —be away, borrow —keep, buy —have,join —be a member of, get to know--know(1) ⎩⎨⎧.2'.2'years about for pen the had ve I years about for pen the bought ve I (2) ⎩⎨⎧.2.2years for member League a been has He years for League Youth the joined has He (3)(4)注意:否定句例外:(5) A :Hello! I haven ’t seen you for a long time. How are you?B: I ’m fine, thank you. And you?A: I ’m fine, too.二.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
(完整版)现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)(可编辑修改word版)现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式:主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化:a)一般情况下,直接加ed, (work---worked,water---watered, finish---finished 等;)b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, (carry-- -carried study---studied 等;)c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词,要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。
(stop---stopped,shop---shopped)d)以不发音的e 结尾的动词,只加d(过去分词不规则变化表:二、用法:用法一:表示过去(已经、曾经或从未)发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词:①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,⑦once/twice/数字+ times例:I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的,不需要打扫了)They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。
)I have been there twice.a)already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
Has he already left here? 他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?(表示加强语气)My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
初中英语此刻达成时与过去完成时解说与练习一、此刻达成时标记词:just、already、yet,ever,never,recently,for,since,before,stillnow,sofar,比较havebeento表示去过,已经回来了。
havegoneto表示去了,还没有回来。
Havebeenin表示向来在某个地方IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。
HehasgonetoBeijing,andhewillbebacknextweek. IhavebeeninBeijingforthreeyears.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他从军三年了。
Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲逝世二年了。
Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。
瞬时性动词在达成时中如要与表示连续一段时间的状语连用,往常意图思相当的连续性动词来替代Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.(他从军已有3年了。
)不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.(她起床已有许久了。
)不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?(离家已有许久了吗?)不用hasleftsince.for都是达成时的标记词如:Hehastaughtheresince1981.他自1981年就在这儿教书。
(可能还要连续教)Ihave'tseenherforfouryears.我有四年没见到她了。
如纯真表示一段时间,或重申一段时间,虽有since一词,也不用用达成时。
Itis+一段时间+since+过去式如:Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲逝世已有三年了。
九年级英语过去完成时与现在完成时的对比练习题30题答案解析版1. I have visited many places this year. But by the end of last year, I _____ visited so many.A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.didn'tD.wouldn't答案解析:A。
“by the end of last year”是过去的时间点,在这个时间点之前的动作要用过去完成时。
B 选项是现在完成时,C 选项是一般过去时,D 选项是过去将来时,都不符合语境。
2. She has learned English for five years. Before she started high school, she _____ learned English for three years.A.hadB.hasC.haveD.will have答案解析:A。
“Before she started high school”是过去的时间点,在这个时间点之前的动作要用过去完成时。
B 选项是现在完成时,C 选项是与第三人称单数不搭配的现在完成时形式,D 选项是将来完成时,都不符合语境。
3. We have cleaned the classroom. When the teacher came in, we_____ cleaned it.A.hadB.haveC.hasD.will have答案解析:A。
“When the teacher came in”是过去的时间点,在这个时间点之前的动作要用过去完成时。
B、C 选项是现在完成时,D 选项是将来完成时,都不符合语境。
4. He has read many books this month. By the end of last month, he _____ read so many.A.hadn'tB.haven'tC.didn'tD.wouldn't答案解析:A。
初中在完成解一、注意弄清的意在完成表示的是在去某个开始并持到在的作 /状 ,或者去的作或状在造成的影响或果。
They have left. --他已离开了 ,也就是在他人不在里 I have hadmy lunch. -- 我已吃午了 ,也就是我在不也可表示持到在的作或状,或有可能有可能停止,或有可能延下去。
He has learned English since 2001. -从 2001 年开始学的 ,在在学着呢二、基本句型构在完成的构成形式:have /has ( 助)+done( 去分)I/You/They/We have talked . 在完成的否定构就是在助He/She has talked.have 或 has 后加上否定not;I/You/They/We haven ’ t(have not) talked .He/She hasn其一般疑句就是将助have 或 has 提到句首,’ t(has not) talked. Have I/You/They/We talked . Has he/she talked.肯定的略回答是:Yes,主+如:I have seen the film.三、注意掌握两种基本用法have/has.,否定的略回答是:→Have you seen the?filmYes,No,主+Ihave./No ,have/has not.I haven ’t.。
1.“ 去的”:作生在去的某一刻且已束,但未明作生的具体或情景,(即作生后)在所造成的影响或生的果。
如:I have heard of the man. 我听个人。
2.“完成情况”:表示去已开始并持到在的作或状,或有可能延下去。
句子中一般有明其完成情况的短或从句。
①句子中有“已生了多久”的状的短或从句。
如:I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old.我从十起就住在上海。
初中语法——现在完成时和过去完成时专题 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN现在完成时和过去完成时(1)现在完成时:1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:(时间标志词)these days,recently, lately,in/during the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, in the past (last) few days,so far ,once, twice ,for+时间段,since+过去的时间点,since+—般过去时的从句等。
3.基本结构:have/has + done4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句:把have或has放于句首。
6.反义疑问句:直接用has /have 进行反问7.现在完成时的用法:①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
如:—Have you had your lunch yet你吃过午饭了吗—Yes,I have.I've just had it.是的,我刚吃过。
(现在不饿了)I have closed the door. (门现在是关的)②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,可能还要持续下去,常与for或since连用。
表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。
如:He has lived here since l999.自从1999年以来,他就住在这儿。
I have learnt English for ten years.我学习英语有10年了。
We have lived here for two years. (过去住到现在)8. 难点:(1)现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, how 连用,但不能和when连用.故现在完成时对时间的提问不用when,只用how long。
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past )”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成:过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成,其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning.二、过去完成时的判断依据1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:( 1 )by + 过去的时间点。
如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.( 2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3 )before + 过去的时间点。
如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。
这种用法常出现在:( 1 )宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。
在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
如:She said that she had seen the film before.( 2 )状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。
如:When I got to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意:before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如:Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。
如:When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时,雨已经停了。
(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。
如:He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在told 之前)3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。
此时多与already ,yet ,still ,just ,before ,never 等时间副词及by ,before ,until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
如:Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。
如:By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. (had worked 已有了20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
试比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。
(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)— John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
— Where had he been?他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在returned home 之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”)五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
试比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。
如:She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在before ,after ,as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
如:He entered the room, turned on the light an d read an evening paper.I (had) called her before I left the office.英语过去完成时重难点实例讲解要掌握好英语过去完成时,最关键的一点是要掌握它的含义。
现在很多的文章在讲解过去完成时的时候,都用了一句流行的说法,叫“过去的过去”。
虽然这样的概括点明了过去完成时的要点,但究竟什么才叫“过去的过去”呢?如果不搞清它的含义,只是去记住什么时间状语(如:before, by, until , when, after等),或者记住哪些动词常用于过去完成时等等,是不能很好掌握过去完成时的。
一、重点英语中,已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作,为什么还有过去完成时呢?要记住:过去完成时的关键概念是:假设在过去发生了两件(或以上)的事件,一件是A事件,另一件是B事件,如果A、B两个事件几乎是同时发生的,那就用一般过去时;但是,如果A、B两个事件不是同时发生的,怎么办呢?那就是:哪个事件先发生,就用过去完成时;哪个事件后发生,就用过去完成时。
在上面的假设中,如果A事件先发生,A就用过去完成时;如果B事件先发生,B就用过去完成时;而不管两件事是用什么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的。
请看例句:[例1]She said (that) she had never been to Paris.[例2]When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.[例3]We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.[例4]Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.[例5]The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.在上面的五个例子中,我们只要稍微分析一下,就可以发现:每个例子讲述的内容中,都包含着两个(或以上)在过去发生的事件。
我们将两件事抽取出来看一下,就非常明白:必定有一件事是先生的,另一件是后发生的:[例1]……said…… had never been to(先没有“去”,后“说”)[例2]……arrived……had run away. (先“跑”了,后“到”)[例3]…… had hoped ……would come……didn't (先“希望”,后才发生“没去”)[例4]……was disappointed……had left ……arrived (先“离开”,后“到达”和“失望”)[例5]……were writing……went ……had left(先“离开”,后“到”和“写”)二、难点过去完成时的难点在于:有时候一句话中并没有出现两个事件,因此无法比较两个事件的先后。