南京航空航天大学
硕士学位论文
原位自生碳化物颗粒增强Fe-Mn-Si基形状记忆合金及性能研究
姓名：王河廷
申请学位级别：硕士
专业：材料加工工程
指导教师：沈以赴
20080301
南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文
摘要
形状记忆合金是最具实用价值金属功能材料之一，Fe-Mn-Si基合金具有价格低廉、工艺简单等一系列优点。但该系合金的形状回复率不高，耐蚀性能较差限制了其应用范围的进一步扩大。本文通过优化合金成分设计，对原位自生碳化物颗粒增强Fe-Mn-Si基合金形状记忆效应及其相关性能进行了研究。
通过添加适量Nb，V，Ti，RE(Ce)等合金元素，设计了八种典型成分的Fe-Mn-Si基形状记忆合金，并用原位自生法制备出了碳化物颗粒弥散分布增强的Fe-Mn-Si基合金。
采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了合金的显微组织及物相成分。固溶态合金基体主要为奥氏体及少量热诱发ε马氏体，生成适量的热诱发马氏体对合金形状记忆效应有利。随着预变形量增大，合金组织中应力诱发ε马氏体开始增多，由原来的单一方向ε马氏体变成交叉方向马氏体。
采用拉伸变形法，研究了不同工艺参数、不同成分合金的形状记忆效应。结果表明，固溶态合金在变形前于一定的温度（750℃）进行时效处理（250min）能有效提高合金的形状记忆效应。随时效处理温度的升高，合金形状回复率缓慢提高，在750℃下达到最大，之后开始下降。合金的形状回复率随着预变形量的增大而减小，在预变形为2％时达到最大值，其中成分为Fe-14.0Mn-6.0Si-9.0Cr-5.0Ni-0.83Nb-0.045Ce合金的回复率达到96.9％。热机械训练能有效提高合金形状回复率，特别是第一次训练提高最为显著。
Fe-Mn-Si基合金中加入适量的Cr，Ni，Nb等元素可以显著提高合金耐腐蚀性能，在碱性NaOH溶液中其耐蚀性是304，316不锈钢的3倍。
关键词：Fe-Mn-Si基合金，形状记忆效应，原位自生颗粒，预变形，时效温度，热机械训练，马氏体相变
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原位自生碳化物颗粒增强Fe-Mn-Si基形状记忆合金及性能研究
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ABSTRACT
Shape memory alloys are one kind of functional materials possessing a great
practical use. The Fe-Mn-Si based alloys have a series of advantages such as low cost and processing easiness. However, the low shape memory recovery ratio and the limited anti-corrosion ability restrict their usage. In the present paper, the in-situ carbide particulate reinforced Fe-Mn-Si based shape memory alloys (SMA) were prepared by optimizing the compositions. The mechanical properties of the prepared alloys were also studied.
Eight kinds of Fe-Mn-Si based SMA were designed by adding a suitable amount
of Nb, V, Ti, and RE (Ce) elements. The Fe-Mn-Si based SMA reinforced with a uniformly dispersed in-situ carbide particulates were prepared.
Optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the microstructures and phases of Fe-Mn-Si based alloys. The solid solution stated alloy matrix mainly consisted of the austenite and a small amount of heat reduced εmartensite. The presence of a suitable amount
of heat reduced ε martensite favored the enhancement of the shape recovery ratio. With increasing the pre-deformation degree, the amount of the stress induced martensite increased, and its orientation changed from a single direction to a crossed from.
Tensile tests were used to study the shape memory effect of the alloys by changing the processing parameters and the chemical compositions. It showed that the shape memory ratio of the solid solution stated alloys increased significantly after an ageing treatment (250 min) at a proper temperature (750℃) before deformation. The shape memory ratio of the alloys enhanced with increasing the ageing temperature. A maximum value was obtained at 750℃, above which the shape memory ratio showed a decrease. The shape recovery ratio of the prepared alloys decreased with increasing the pre-deformation degree. A best shape memory ratio was obtainable at 2% pre-deformation. The recovery ratio of Fe-14.0Mn-6.0Si-9.0Cr-5.0Ni-0.83Nb- 0.045Ce alloy reached a high value of 96.9%. The shape recovery ratio of the alloys could be effectively improved through suitable
