名词解释：
1.Glass ceiling exists over women and minorities that allows them to think they
can advance into management levels where in reality they are discriminated against. Thus only a disproportionate, small percentage of woman and
minorities make it into management roles.
2.AA affirmative action was created to give certain grouping of people
preference over others to compensate for past discrimination opponents of affirmative action.
3.Principal agent theory: When individual are not always informed adequately,
they have not the technical skills to make decisions that will serve their best interests. Others have the competence and information to make decision on behalf of the principal in the principle's interests.
4.Strategic management: is an approach to managing an organization that
emphasizes long-term thinking and, as the term states, managing strategically instead of reactively or intuitively.
5.Public personnel management is "the management of a system whereby
public agencies recruit, compensate, and discipline their employees. The
system is normally characterized by a watchdog differentiation between the structures that perform personnel tasks and structures that protect
employee's rights and insulate the process from politics."
6.The compliance audit is the simplest and most common form of scrutiny of p
public agencies. An auditor checks whether financial transactions undertaken by a public agency comply with relevant financial laws and regulations.
7. A balance budget would be one in which revenues and expenditures for the
coming year are equal, without the need to borrow to make up for a deficit or funds shortfall.
8.EEO: Equal employment opportunity was intend to create a level playing field
by giving everyone and equal chance at education and employment.
9.Strategic planning is the all important first step in strategic management. It
identify the effects of current decision on future operation.
10.Leadership: The action of who, whether elected, appointed, or emerging by
group consensus, directs, coordinates, and supervises the work of others for the purpose of accomplishing a given task.
简答题
1.The four central issues in organization behavior:
（1）S ocial pressure cause individual group member to conform.
（2）E ducative work teams do not just happen, they must be built and nurtured.
（3）M aking major changes in a government agency requires broad scope strategies that are similar to military tactics and strategies than to
organization theory.
（4）I f an organization is to be become and remain effective,its members must engage in generative learning, learning that enhance our capacity to create.
2.The tenets of classical organization theory:
（1）O rganization exist to accomplish production-related and economic goals
（2）T here is one best way to organize for production, and that way can be found through systematic, scientific inquiry.
（3）P roduction is maximized through specialization and division for labor.
（4）P eople and organization act in accordance with rational economic principles.
