- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
(7)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。
(8)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(9)如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which。例如:
宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1:This is the detective who came fromLondon.
例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一.词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句
代替人代替物代替人或物
主语Who which that
主语Whom whichthat
2) He was the only person in this country who was invited
定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句,在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况,在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。
(3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this相似,并可以指人。例如:
例4:This is the room that Shakespeare wasborn in.
2.关系代词的用法
(1)如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:
一般说来,定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种:
①在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。
如:There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6) which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。
(2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3)像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
(1)弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3.先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:
1) This is thearticle written by him that Is poke to you about..
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2)如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二.关系Fra Baidu bibliotek词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without等,关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。
That有时可以代替关系副词when, where或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。