高考语法填空介词解题技巧
1．判断空后是否有谓语，确定填介词
设空后没有谓语动词，而是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且它们不在句中作主语也不作动词的宾语，则该空填介词，空后的部分作它的宾语。
2．记牢一词多义的情况
(1)for：①(去向)往；向，如：leave for 动身去……；②为得到，为获取；③表一段时间，如：for two years 两年；④因为，由于；⑤就……而言。
(2)in：①in＋一段时间，用于将来时；②in＋表示“方式/语言/材料”的名词，表“以……方式/用……语言/材料”；③表方向，朝，向，如in the direction。
(3)by＋交通工具/通信工具，也可表方式，如by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phone/hand。
(4)with：①带有，具有；②用，以；③和……在一起；④因为，由于；⑤和其他动词连用。
(5)beyond：①在……另一边；②在……更远处；③超出；非……所能及。
(6)as用作介词，意为“作为”，常用于一些动词之后；work as 从事……工作；serve as 可用作……；act as 担任；充当……。
3．依据句式和搭配填介词
①与动词搭配，如：mistake ... for ... “把……误认为……”；devote ... to ... “致力于……”。
②与名词或代词搭配，如：(a) lack of “缺乏……”；on one's own/by oneself “靠自己”。
③与形容词搭配，如：be absent from “缺席”；be busy with “忙于”。
课堂练习
1．We were first greeted with the barking by a pack________ dogs, seven to be exact. 2．Corn uses less water ________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
3．I was searching________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
4．This trend was started by the medical community (医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease.
5.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and________ work.
6.After school she plans to take a year off to model full－time before going to university to get a degree________ engineering or architecture.
7.The answer________ this question is not clear.
8．First celebrated ________ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区)．
9．One cup of coffee ________ the late afternoon or evening will cause them to stay awake almost all night.
10．If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home ________ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.
11．But my connection with pandas goes back________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s.
12．Most of us are more focused________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
13．Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.
14.The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years.
课后练习（一）
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 1they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2(poor) studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 3tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 4(perform) consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 6(believe) that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 7(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 8(high) than they actually are.Of 9nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 10(be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了由于居住范围广,监测费用高等因素,北极熊的数量难以准确估算,生物学家们对此持谨慎乐观的态度。
1.that考查连接词。
该空前后均为句子,且空格后面的句子是对空格前面的名词evidence的内容的解释说明,由此判断该空为同位语从句的引导词,表示陈述语气,故填that。
2.poorly考查副词。
该空前后部分均为谓语成分has been studied,用副词修饰谓语部分,故填poorly。
3.of/for考查介词。
该空前面为名词methods,后面为动词-ing形式tracking,故应填介词。
用of表示所属关系,也可填介词for。
4.to perform考查非谓语动词。
该空所在分句已有谓语动词are,故应填动词的非谓语形式。
根据“be+adj.+to do”结构可知,应填to perform。
5.have reported考查动词的时态。
本句的时间状语为in recent years,是现在完成时的标志。
根据语境,主语Inuit people与report之间为主动关系,且people为复数形式,故填have reported。
6.belief考查名词。
该空前面有冠词a,应填名词,故填belief。
7.noting考查非谓语动词。
该空前面为介词by,应填动词-ing形式,且scientists与note之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填noting。
8.higher考查形容词的比较级。
该空后面有than,应填形容词的比较级形式,故填higher。
9.the考查冠词。
该空后面为名词短语,根据语境及空格前的of可知存在限定范围,故填the。
10.are考查主谓一致。
根据并列谓语动词时态和语态一致原则,此处采用一般现在时和主动语态。
故填are。
课后练习（二）
Calligraphy,the art of writing,was the visual art form prized above all others in traditional China.Painting was contemporary with calligraphy,sharing 1same tools—namely,brush and ink.Yet calligraphy was regarded 2 a fine art long before painting.
The status of calligraphy reflects the importance of the word in China.3makes the written words distinctive is its visual form.However,despite its abstract 4 (appear),calligraphy is not an abstract form.Chinese characters are dynamic,closely connected with the forces of nature and the kinesthetic(动觉) energies of the human body.
How can a simple character convey all this?The use of brush and ink 5(have) much to do with it.A calligrapher can control the 6(thick) of the ink by varying both the amount of water and the solid ink.Once he starts writing,by loading the brush sometimes with 7(much) ink or sometimes with less,he creates characters that resemble a shower of rocks here and a drop of dew(露水) there.
The Chinese written language 8(begin) to develop more than 3,000 years ago and 9 (eventual) evolved into five basic scrip types.Over the centuries,calligraphers were free to write in any of them,10(depend) on the text’s function.The calligraphic tradition remains alive today.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
短文主要介绍了中国传统文化艺术——书法的艺术特点,它在中国的地位反映了文字在中国的重要性。
1.the考查冠词。
由句意可知,此处表示“同样的工具”,same 之前总是使用定冠词the。
2.as考查介词。
空格处表示“被看作……”,而be regarded as是固定短语,故填介词as。
3.What考查连词。
分析句子结构可知,空格所在部分是主语从句,根据句意可知应填连词what。
4.appearance考查词性转换。
由句意及空格前的形容词abstract可知,此处应填名词形式appearance(外观)。
5.has考查时态和主谓一致。
此处句子介绍一种客观情况,意为“笔墨的使用与此有很大关系”,句子的主语是单数概念,故谓语动词使用has。
6.thickness考查词性转换。
由空格前的the和空格后的of可知,此处应填名词形式,因而填thickness。
7.more考查形容词比较级。
根据本句空格后面的“sometimes with less”这一信息可知,此处表示“运用更多的墨水”,故填more。
8.began考查动词时态。
由句中“3,000 years ago”这一信息可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。
9.eventually考查副词。
由句意可知,应使用副词eventually修饰其后的动词短语evolved into(演变成……)。
10.depending考查动词-ing形式。
此处句意为“几个世纪以来,书法家可以自由地使用任何一种类型,这取决于文本的功能”;depending on...是动词-ing形式短语,也是固定用法,意为“取决
于……”。
