南开大学滨海学院专业英语考试资料

目　录
2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）
2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）一、英汉互译
1．ISO
【答案】国际标准化组织
2．document against acceptance
【答案】承兑交单
3．nuclear disarmament
【答案】核裁军
4．overhead pedestrian walk
【答案】天桥
5．US federal reserve system
【答案】美国联邦储备系统
6．alma mater
【答案】母校
7．leap year
【答案】闰年
8．plead innocent
【答案】无罪答辩
9．B/L
【答案】海上运输提单。

2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ________ food safety problems.A．in B．toC．on D．after2、What matters in life is working hard ________ hardly working.A．as well as B．less thanC．rather than D．other than3、—you play the piano at this time of the day ? I need a good rest for tomorrow’s test.— Sorry.A．Must B．Shall C．Can D．May4、What surprised us most is that he doesn’t know ________ the differences between the twobooks lie.A．that B．what C．which D．where5、Not having worked out the program, ________ leave the office.A．so he was forbidden to B．and he didn’t want toC．his little son couldn’t make him D．be couldn’t free himself to6、Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A．is B．are C．is there D．are there 7、—Amazingly, I’ve managed to start my own shop online!—________ I told you it was easy.A．There you are! B．Believe it or not.C．How come? D．Y ou got me there!C．did Tina find D．Tina found9、—I’ve got something weighing on my mind. Could you give m e some advice?—______. Tell me all about it and I’ll do what I can.A．Don’t mention it B．No wonderC．My pleasure D．No problem10、Nowadays, the Internet is a popular ________ for the public to access information and voice their opinions.A．track B．trendC．channel D．lane第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

[考研类试卷]2012年南开大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、名词解释1 suprasegmental2 rime(rhyme)3 cranberry morpheme4 phrasal category5 mental lexicon6 genetic relation7 paraphrase8 implicature9 synecdoche10 syllabus二、音标题11 For each natural class of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s)that they all share.121314 [j][w][l][r][m]1516 In Southern Kongo, a Bantu language spoken in Angola, the non-palatal consonants[t, s, z]are in complementary distribution with their palatal counterparts[c,∫,], as shown in the following words: tobola to bore a hole cina to cuttanu five kofi lioncibabanana imola almskesoka to be cut nselele termitekasu emaciation lolo i to wash housekunezulu heaven ze ga to cutnzwetu our ima to stretchzevo then(1)State the distribution of the palatals and the non-palatals, and(2)formulate one phonological rule and derive all the surface palatals with the rule formulated, using the word ima "to stretch" for illustrating the derivation.17 The English word unlockable has two different lexical meanings, i. e. "not able to lock" and "able to be unlocked". The semantic ambiguity of the word comes from structural ambiguity. Give the meaning corresponding to the morphemic structure of the word in your analysis. Draw two tree diagrams to show the difference between the two structures. Label the nodes in the tree diagram with proper categories.三、简答题18 How do you understand "performative" and "constative"?19 How do you distinguish "error" from "mistake"?20 What is a social dialect?四、分析题21 Syntactic analysis.The following are two declarative-question pairs, as given in(la, lb)and(2a, 2b).(1a)The boy who is sleeping was dreaming.(1b)Was the boy who is sleeping dreaming?(2a)The boy who is sleeping was dreaming.(2b)* Is the boy who sleeping was dreaming?Draw a tree diagram for sentence(la)and sentence(lb)respectively. Then answer the questions.Question 1: What syntactic mechanism(s)operate(s)to derive the structure of sentence(lb)from the structure of sentence(la)?Question 2: Why sentence(2b)is ungrammatical?22 Semantic properties of words are not directly observable. Their existence must be inferred from linguistic evidence. One source of such evidence is "slips of the tongue" that speakers of a language produce. Consider the following unintentional word substitutions that some English speakers have actually produced. Name the semantic properties shared by or related in the intended word and its substitution in each pair of the utterances.Intended utterances Actual utterances(slips of the tongue)1. bridge of the nose bridge of the neck2. when my gums bled when my tongues bled3. he came too late he came too early4. Mary was young Marry was early5. The lady with the dachshund the lady with the Volkswagen6. there's a horse of another color there's a horse of another race7. he has to pay her alimony he has to pay her rent8. I saw the dog in the garden I saw the cat in the garden23 Identify the thematic roles in each of the sentences given below.a. The door opened.b. The key opened the door.c. The boy opened the door with the key.24 Analyze the conversations below as required.9a. Analyze the following mini-talk in light of the cooperative principle.A: Have you had your lunch?B: I have been unwell for the whole morning.25 9b. Find the deixis in the following dialogue and analyze them into different groups according to their function in the linguistic interaction.(1)Debby: Go anywhere today?(2)Dan: Yes, we went down to Como. Up by bus, and back by hydrofoil.(3)Debby: Anything to see there ?(4)Dan; Perhaps not the most interesting of Italian towns, but it's worth the trip.(5)Debby: I might do that next Saturday.(6)Jane; What do you mean when you say perhaps not the most interesting of Italian towns?(7)Jack: He means certainly not the most interesting. . .(8)Dan: Just trying to be polite. . .26 Grammaticality judgments are made on the basis of linguistic knowledge.27 The difference among " locutionary meaning" , " illocutionary meaning" and "perlocutionary meaning".。

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1. A:( ). B:She works in the Oxford University.A. What does your mother do?B. What do your parents do?C. What are your parents doing at the moment?满分：2 分2. Don’t expect a millionaire to be dressed expensively all the time; a rich man does not ____ show off his wealth.A. reluctantlyB. occasionallyC.D. ecessarily满分：2 分3. On my way home, I quite often ( ) the milk man.A. see withB. meet intoC. come across满分：2 分4. My mother is a doctor. She is ( ) medicine.A. fromB. atC. in满分：2 分5. ( ) a coffee machine in the room?A. Are thereB. Is thereC. Have there满分：2 分6. He is a good student. He( )hard.A. workB. worksC. does works满分：2 分7. The patient speaker ____ now and then to make sure that he was fully understood.A. took overB. went overC. came throughD. broke off满分：2 分8. Do you have( ) friends in Shanghai?A. manyB. anyC. not满分：2 分9. A: ( )is the nearest chemist's? B: On the corner.A. WhatB. WhereC. How满分：2 分10. My father ( ) for an important phone call at the moment. He can't go to have lunch with you,I am afraid.A. waitB. waitingC. is waiting满分：2 分11. A:Where do ( )live? B:( )home is in London.A. they, TheyB. their, TheyC. they, Their满分：2 分12. The young lady could not help ____on hearing the joke.A. laughingB. laughC. with laughingD. in laughing满分：2 分13. We regret there isn’t ____ that can be done.A. anyoneB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing满分：2 分14. Thank you for your gifts, but you ____ such expensive things.A. mustn’t buyB. shouldn’t buyC. mustn’t have boughtD. shouldn’t have bought满分：2 分15. How long have you been writing this paper? I hope you are ____ your subject.A. holding upB. looking overC. resulting inD. sticking to满分：2 分16. Before he spoke to the crowd, Jackson took a deep breath to ____ his excessive nervousness.A. EndureC. relieveD. prohibit满分：2 分17. A:Could you ring them up please? I'm sometimes quite nervous on the phone. B:( ).A. Are you? I am fine.B. Yes, why don't you call them?C. Yes, of course. I will phone them for you.满分：2 分18. More and more listeners are expected to ____ the phone-in programme on the radio as various activities are being invented.A. take overB. be involved inC. come up withD. catch sight of满分：2 分19. I’m confused a bout your intention and can ____ decide on what to do.A. necessarilyB. undoubtedlyC. previouslyD. barely满分：2 分20. What's ( )job? Are ( ) British?A. your, yourB. you, yourC. your, you满分：2 分21. But I ( ) weight if I don't exercise.A. put upC. put with满分：2 分22. The result was even worse than ____.A. I had imaginedB. I would imaginedC. my imaginingD. mine imagination满分：2 分23. Dr. Wilson didn’t want to go on ____ a teacher of biology, so he changed his job and became a consultant for a farm.A. beB. beingC. to beD. with being满分：2 分24. A:Where is David? B:He is having lunch in ( ) Chinese restaurant on ( ) seventh floor.A. a, aB. an, theC. the, the满分：2 分25. We haven’t seen Miss White for quite a few months since she was ____ into a big hospital round the corner.A. vanishedB. enduredC. invitedD. admitted满分：2 分26. I sometimes go to the pub ( ) Friday ( ) my colleagues.B. at, toC. in, for满分：2 分27. A. Oh, dear. I've got a temperature. B. You ( )have some aspirins to reduce it.A. haveB. needC. should满分：2 分28. I am ( ) engineer.A. aB. anC. /满分：2 分29. You should not try to ____ while others are talking.A. interruptB. deliverC. extendD. pretend满分：2 分30. While the chairman was giving a talk at the meeting, some workers at the back paid no attention and kept ____.A. chatteringB. enduringC. relievingD. mentioning满分：2 分31. Polly enjoys ( )in a band in her free time.A. play the guitarB. to playing the guitarC. playing the guitar满分：2 分32. One of the sailors found it necessary to ____ the captain ____ the nearest island by radio.A. declare … to contactB. propose … contactC. insist … to contactD. wish … contact满分：2 分33. The old lady was standing by the window ____ suddenly she caught sight of a postman riding along.A. whenB. whileC. becauseD. so满分：2 分34. We often have ( ) supper at home.A. usB. oursC. our满分：2 分35. The cardigan is particularly to my taste, ____ its price.A. exceptB. besidesC. except forD. in addition to满分：2 分36. A trip to that African country whose people are dying from the civil war is described in the doctor’s article as a terrible ____.A. nightmareB. potentialC. reactionD. implication满分：2 分37. The quality inspector ____ finished products carefully to make sure each was in good condition.A. looked overB. found outC. held upD. stuck to满分：2 分38. A:The classroom is not big enough for 50 students. B:Yes, I agree. It's ( ).A. too smallB. no enoughC. not enough bigger满分：2 分39. John: Paul, this is Mr Smith, my landlord. Paul: I'm pleased to meet you. Mr Smith: ( ).A. Good morning, Paul.B. Very pleased to meet you, too.C. I'm fine, too.满分：2 分40. To our great disappointment, many things did not ____ quite as satisfactory as we had expected.A. set outB. turn outC. come downD. result in满分：2 分41. Those pupils who take an excessive interest in computer games ought to spend more time on ____ readings.A. complexB. radicalC. worthwhileD. permanent满分：2 分42. The next morning the landlady’s body was found in the storeroom, and the police ____ murder.A. ExclaimedB. recalledC. suspectedD. ganized满分：2 分43. Mr Manning ( ) in Paris today and tomorrow.A. workB. WorkingC. is working`满分：2 分44. Her fear of making mistakes has caused her great difficulty in ____ with others in English.A. organizingB. communicatingC. retreatingD. researching满分：2 分45. You need to reduce your temperature, so you ( )take some medicine.A. needB. shouldC. will满分：2 分46. There ( ) three plants in the office.A. areB. isC. have满分：2 分47. Even with his remarkable achievements, Myra’s husband still holds a ____ position in the local government.A. TreacherousB. minorC. normalD. radical满分：2 分48. My uncle ( )in the IT Department. But now he ( ) on a plan for the marketing department.A. works, is workingB. work, is workingC. is working, works满分：2 分49. Before he spoke to the crowd, Jackson took a deep breath to ____ his excessive nervousness.A. EndureB. fortifyC. relieveD. prohibit满分：2 分50. The company promised in the letter to ____ the goods to be delivered in no time.A. arrange forB. make sureC. set asideD. talk over 满分：2 分。

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目　录2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2005年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解2008年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2009年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院904语言学基础真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院866语言学基础真题及详解2012年南开大学外国语学院883语言学基础真题及详解2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解考试科目：应用语言学I. Illustrate each of the following terms briefly. (45 points)1． prescriptive linguistics【答案】Prescriptive linguistics: the linguistics that tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. It seeks to tell people how language ought to be used by those who wish to use it.2． Displacement【答案】Displacement: Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future.3．IPA【答案】IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the phones and phonemes of natural languages.4．suprasegmental【答案】Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle Suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.5．blendings【答案】Blending is a process in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or byjoining the initial parts of the two words. For example, the word “smog” is blended from “smoke” and “fog”.6．denotation【答案】Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation.7．hyponymy【答案】Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.8．stem【答案】A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.9．inflectional morpheme【答案】Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.10．back-formation【答案】It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from “editor” the word “edit” was generated.11．c-command【答案】C-command: A c-commands B if and only if: 1) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A; 2) The first branching dominating A also dominates B.12．Sapir-Whorf hypothesis【答案】Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.13．context of situation【答案】Context of situation: It refers to the linguistic and situational environment in which a word, utterance or text occurs. The meaning of utterances, etc., is determined not only by the literal meaning of the words used but also by the context or situation in which they occur.14．corpus linguistics【答案】Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexico-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development. 15．CALL【答案】CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.II. Name each of the following IPA symbols. (10 points)1．[]【答案】voiceless postalveolar fricative2．[j]【答案】palatal approximant3．【答案】glottal plosive4．[w]【答案】bilabial approximant5．[x]【答案】voiceless velar fricative6．[υ]【答案】high back lax rounded vowel7．[æ]【答案】low front lax unrounded vowel8．[p]【答案】voiceless bilabial plosive9．【答案】voiceless aspirated affricate10．[d]【答案】voiced post-alveolar affricateIII. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points)1．Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct.【答案】T【解析】本题考查语义三角理论。

2012年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.William the Conqueror and his achievements（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.the five-act structure of Shakespeare"s plays（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.denotation and connotation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.gothic novels（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Ralph Waldo Emerson and his works（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、分析题(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 6 are based on the following poem by Edmund Spencer.Sonnet 75 from AmorettiOne day I wrote her name upon the strand,But came the waves and washed it away:Again I wrote it with a second hand,But came the tide, and made my pains his prey." Vain man," said she, " that does in vain assay.A mortal thing so to immortalize,For I myself shall like to this decay,And also my name be wiped out likewise. "" Not so," said I, " let baser things deviseTo die in dust, but you shall live in fame:My verses your virtues rare shall eternize,And in heavens write your glorious name.Where whenas death shall all the world subdue,Our love shall live, and later life renew. "（分数：12.00）(1).What happens to what the speaker has written in the first four lines? What is the young woman"s response to what he has done?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).In Lines 9-14, what does the speaker say his verses will do? What does the speaker say will live after death has "subdued" all the world?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).To what time is the speaker referring in the last two lines? With what belief is he associating his love?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).What is the rhyme scheme of this poem?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).Spencer uses alliteration in this poem. Please give two examples of alliteration in the poem. Why does he use alliteration?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).What is the theme of the poem?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ Questions 7 to 10 are based on the several stanzas from Edgar Allen Poe"s poem The Raven.The Raven Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door—" Tis some visitor," I muttered, " tapping at my chamber door—Only this and nothing more.Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December;And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.Eagerly I wished the morrow; —vainly I had sought to borrowFrom my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore—For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore—Nameless here for evermore.And the silken saduncertain rustling of each purple curtainThrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating"Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door—Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door—This it is, and nothing more. "Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,"Sir, " said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,That I scarce was sure I heard you"—here I opened wide the door—Darkness there, and nothing more.Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore?"This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, " Lenore!"Merely this and nothing more.（分数：8.00）(1).In Stanza 1 ,what is the speaker doing when he first hears the tapping? What does he seek "to borrow" in Stanza 2?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).What does the speaker say "to still the beating" of his heart? What does the speaker see when he opens the door?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).What does the speaker whisper?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).Paraphrase the first five stanzas of the poem.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

大学英语（一）Model Test ThreePartⅠVocabulary and StructureDirections: This part is to test your ability to use words and phrases correctly to construct meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2sections.Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.1．To ___B__ the truth，I really didn’t know anything about yesterday’s meeting．A) do C) putB) tell D) take2．Your sales methods will depend the customers with whom you deal．BA) with C) inB) on D) for3．We support the view that poor management will __C____business failure．A) break up C) 1ead toB) take in D) put off4．In recent years，there have been over 30 foreign companies ___A__ business in this city．A) doing C) to doB) do D) done5．It is easy to get the software we need ______C____the market is small．A) as if C) althoughB) so that D) until6．By the end of this year，they ___D___ a new program in Europe．A) had started C) are startingB) start D) will have started7．Language learning is a slow process，which ___A____ a lot of effort，time and patience．A) requires C) paysB) 1eaves D) offers8．More than 100 people died ___B____the earthquake in that area．A) in ease of C) in addition toB) as a result of D) on the basis of9．Mike has already put forward his suggestion ___D____a production plan should be completed next week．A) whom C) whichB) what D) that10．I am writing to apply for the __C_____ of Sales Manager advertised in last Friday’s China Daily．A) business C) positionB) trade D) operationSection BDirections: There are also 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write the word orwords in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 11．(general) ___Generally ______speaking，table manners vary from culture to culture．12．The wallpaper pattern(design) ___was designed ______ by a famous Chinese artist several years ago．13．The program aims to let all the employees(understand)___understand ____ the culture of the company．14．The organization will start a(move) ___movement ____to protect the environment。

2024年天津专升本英语考试真题英文版：Every success story has a behind-the-scenes tale of hard work and dedication. This is no exception for the 2024 Tianjin专升本英语考试真题.For many students, the exam represents a crucial step in their pursuit of higher education. It's a test of their knowledge, skills, and endurance, and it requires a comprehensive understanding of English language concepts and usage.Preparing for this exam requires a well-rounded approach that includes effective study habits, time management, and a strong foundation of vocabulary and grammar. To succeed, students need to be able to synthesize information from different sources, apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios, and respond quickly and accurately to multiple choice and essay questions. The key to success is not just in the classroom or the books. It's in the hours and days of practice, reflection, and self-improvement that lead up to the big day. This is where diligent students excel, and it's where they develop the resilience and confidence they need to face any challenge.Now, let's take a look at some of the key points that students should keep in mind as they prepare for the exam:Firstly, don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it. Secondly, maintain a healthy study routine that includes breaks and sufficient rest. Thirdly, focus on building a strong foundation of vocabulary and grammar, and lastly, don't forget to have fun while studying!Looking ahead to 2024, let's hope that all students who take the exam will succeed in their efforts and achieve their goals. After all, success is not just about the test score, but about the journey that led up to it. It's about the hard work, dedication, and perseverance that have brought them to this moment.中文版：每一个成功的故事背后，都有一段艰辛努力和执着追求的故事。

2011年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：110.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once.（分数：40.00）(1).The new government pledged to make every effort to stabilize its ailing economy by 1 national debts.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(2).She proposed that 1should be recognized as one of the major disciplines in her school.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(3).The pirates made 1 along the coast.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(4).One of them put forward a(n) 1proposal for putting up the white flag.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(5).Facts are recorded in the annals with the coloring of prejudice and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(6).The American national character was 1 sharp during the Westward Expansion.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(7).The scientists carried out an audio-visual 1 of the beginning of the universe.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(8).The management offered us a(n) 13% salary increase.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(9).Henry 1between accepting and refusing.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(10).This battle-field is 1to the memory of the soldiers who died here.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(11).The pianist was applauded for his incredible 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(12).Sales 1by 20% last year.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(13).The Church has no 1power in the modern country.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(14).He could never be a film star; he"s got no 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(15).No one would claim that the film is morally 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(16).He insisted on his own way and 1 all advice and objections.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(17).As soon as the drug took effect, she started .（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(18).Some kid threw a(n) 1in the middle of the store.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(19).Fashions are by nature fickle and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________(20).The hurricane caused terrible 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________二、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：20.00)To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the【C1】______production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then【C2】______them into money. Marketing, 【C3】______, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods【C4】______will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that【C5】______trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given 【C6】______over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction—the firm and customer—and each must be satisfied【C7】______trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and【C8】______customers. In mid-1985 , Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. A significant portion of the public did not accept the new flavor, bring about a【C9】______restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed【C10】______the new, King Customers ruled.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.productiveB.efficientC.affluentD.proficient(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.convertB.transformC.switchD.modify(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.on the contraryB.in the meantimeC.howeverD.on the other hand(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.whatB.thenC.thatD.and(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.ahead ofB.whileC.prior toD.instead of(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.superiorityB.privilegeC.prejudiceD.priority(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.afterC.whileD.then(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.looking up toB.adjusting toC.catering toD.adapting to(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.properB.promptC.prominentD.profound(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.byB.withC.alongsideD.as三、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Historically, the primary responsibility for the rearing of young children belonged almost exclusively to the parents, especially the father. It was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that the State was willing to remove a young child from direct supervision of negligent or abusive parents. Even so, in order to reduce welfare costs to the rest of the community, a destitute family in early America, incapable of supporting its own members, was sometimes broken up and the children placed in other households. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century the mother"s role in the upbringing of children was enhanced: Women became the primary providers of care and affection; and as men"s church membership declined, women also became responsible for the catechizing and education of young children, even though they often were less literate than men. While childrearing manuals continued to acknowledge the importance of the father, they also recognized that the mother had become the major figure in the care of the young. Throughout much of Western history, as long as children remained in the home, parents exercised considerable control over them, even to the extent of arranging their marriages and influencing their career choices. Children were expected to be obedient and to contribute to the well-being of the family. And, perhaps more in Western Europe than in America, children were often expected to turn over almost all of their earnings directly to the parents—sometimes even after they had left home. By the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century some of this control had been eroded, and the rights of children as individuals were increasingly recognized and acknowledged. Interestingly, the development of children"s rights has proceeded so rapidly and so far that we may now be in the midst of a backlash, as efforts are being made to re-establish parental responsibility in areas such as the reproductive behavior of minor children. Clearly there have been major changes in the way our society treats children; but it would be very difficult for many of us to agree on the costs and benefits of these trends—whether from the viewpoint of the child, the parents, or society. While many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family, others lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline. A historical analysis of parents and children cannot settle such disputes, but it can provide us with a better appreciation of the flexibility and resilience of the family as an institution for raising the young.（分数：10.00）(1).Before the late nineteenth century in America, the rearing of children was the responsibility______.（分数：2.00）A.solely on the part of the household communityB.mainly on the part of the householdC.solely on the part of the fatherD.solely on the part of the mother(2).The word "destitute" can best be replaced by______.（分数：2.00）A.poorB.bigC.richD.irresponsible(3).It can be learned from the second paragraph that during the 18 th and 19th century______.（分数：2.00）A.women enjoyed equal education with menB.women"s social status was greatly improvedC.men maintained their key role in child raisingD.women"s education was still less than men"s(4).As mentioned by the author, efforts to re-establish parental responsibility are______.（分数：2.00）A.to share community welfare burdenB.in concern of minor children"s creative behaviorC.in concern of teenage parentsD.to better control minor children"s expenditure(5).Regarding the way American children are treated, the author is apparently______.（分数：2.00）A.in favor of itB.worried about itC.upset about itD.against itRichard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners. " With virtual reality we"ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench, " said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satava"s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic-instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path the tumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient"s brain taken before surgery. During these procedures—operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered—surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine______.（分数：2.00）A.will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefieldB.can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefieldC.will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefieldD.can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield(2).Richard Satava has visions of______.（分数：2.00）ing a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseasB.wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefieldC.wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeonsD.setting up mobile surgical units overseas(3).How is virtual reality surgery performed?（分数：2.00）A.It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.B.Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.C.Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.D.A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.(4).During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because______.（分数：2.00）A.he is looking at the cuts on a computer screenB.the cuts can be examined from different anglesC.the cuts have been highly magnifiedD.he is wearing 3-D glasses(5).Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they______.（分数：2.00）A.cause less pain to the woundedB.are done by robot surgeons with greater precisionC.will make human surgeons" work less tediousD.allow the patient to recover more quicklyWhen students complete a first draft, they consider the job of writing done—and their teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete a first draft, they usually feel that they are at the start of the writing process. When a draft is completed, the job of writing can begin. That difference in altitude is the difference between amateur and professional, inexperience and experience, journeyman and draftsman. Peter F. Drucker, the prolific business writer, calls his first draft "the zero draft"—after that he can start counting. Most writers share the feeling that the first draft, and all of those which follow, are opportunities to discover what they have to say and how best they can say it. To produce a progression of drafts, each of which says more and says it more clearly, the writer has to develop a special kind of reading skill. In school we are taught to decode what appears on the page as finished writing. Writers, however, face a different category of possibility and responsibility when they read their own drafts. To them the words on the page are never finished. Each can be changed and rearranged, can set off a chain reaction of confusion or clarified meaning. This is a different kind of reading, which is possibly more difficult and certainly more exciting. Writers must learn to be their own best enemy. They must accept the criticism of others and be suspicious of it; they must accept the praise of others and be even more suspicious of it. Writers cannot depend on others. They must detach themselves from their own pages so that they can apply both their caring and their craft to their own work. Such detachment is not easy. Science fiction writer Rau Bradbury supposedly puts each manuscript away for a year to the day and then rereads it as a stranger. Not many writers have the discipline or the time to do this. We must read when our judgment may be at its best; when we are close to the best moment of creation. Most people think that the principal problem is that writers are too proud of what they have written. Actually, a greater problem for most professional writers is one shared by the majority of students. They are overly critical, think everything is dreadful, tear up page after page, never complete a draft, and see the task as hopeless. Therefore, the writer must learn to read critically but constructively, to cut what is bad and reveal what is good. At the end of each revision, a manuscript may look worked over, torn apart, pinned together, added to, deleted from, words changed and words changed back. Yet the book must maintain its original freshness and spontaneity.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the difference between a student and a professional writer towards their first draft?（分数：2.00）A.A professional thinks his first draft is better planned.B.A student is less confident than a professional about the first draft.C.A student will read his first draft more seriously than a professional.D.A student sees the draft as his final work, while professional sees it as the initial of his work.(2).What might the word "journeyman" in Paragraph 2 mean?（分数：2.00）A.apprenticeB.touristC.experienced while undistinguished workerD.journalist(3).Why does Rey Bradbury put each manuscript away for a year before he rereads it?（分数：2.00）A.Because he does not like his own work.B.Because he feels writing is dreadful.C.Because he is a person of principle.D.Because he needs to detach himself from his own work.(4).According to this passage, which of the following statements is UNTRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Both professional writers and students may feel writing a dreadful work.B.Reading draft is different from reading finished writing.C.Professional writers should be suspicious in revising their drafts.D.Professional writers may always depend on other"s criticism in order to better their work.(5).What is the author"s advice for those in the process of draft progression?（分数：2.00）A.Be tolerant to one"s work.B.Tear up any page that betrays the original spontaneity.C.Keep it away and take it up again after at least a year.D.Be both critical and constructive.It was so hard to keep her eyes open. She had cleaned all day and now must rock the cradle into the night. Behind her slept the infant"s mother. Before her, the baby. Her hand rocked, and rocked, ever a little slower. She could force her wary eyes no longer. Her head drooped. And the cradle stopped. A moment later her brief repose was shattered by a flash of fiery pain as an angry lash whipped across her neck. The infant had begun to cry when the cradle stopped. The mother had woken. And Harriet Tubman, the slave girl, was for a season wide awake as adrenaline flooded her aching body. Little did anyone realize it, but those cruel lashes would ultimately work against those who imposed them; for in her trials, Harriet was learning the endurance she would need in later years as she spent many sleepless nights leading hundreds of slaves to freedom. Harriet"s own escape took place when she was in her early twenties. Rumor had it she and two of her brothers would be separated from their family and sent further south the following day, never to return. That night, Harriet and her brothers ran, guided only by the North Star and hearsay that "lovely white ladies" waited in the North to receive fugitives. Some distance into the night, Harriet"s brothers grew frightened. There was no logical basis for hope that they would make it. The North was so far away, and search parties would be after them in the morning. Harriet"s brothers gave up and turned back. She could not convince them to press on, but press on she did. Alone. Hiding by day and moving by night, appealing for food from those she prayed would be friendly—and were—Harriet crossed into free territory many days later. " I had crossed the line of which I had so long been dreaming, " Harriet recalled, " I was free; but there was no one to welcome me, ... I was a stranger in a strange land, and my home after all was down in the old cabin quarter, with the old folks, and my brothers and sisters. But to this solemn resolution I came; I was free, and they should be free also; I would make a home for them in the North, and the Lord helping me, I would bring them all there. " And this she did. She endured hunger and hardship, danger and difficulty, returning nineteen times to lead three to four hundred slaves to freedom—including all her family except one sister and her three children. When the Civil War began, Harriet served as a scout and hospital nurse for the Union Army without pay, helping to free hundreds more of her people. Aptly she came to be known as "Moses" among northerners and southerners alike. Toward the end of her life, as the first biography of Harriet Tubman"s life was being written, one of those who knew her well summed up Harriet"s character, saying "... Harriet"s willingness to endure hardship and face any danger for the sake of her poor followers was phenomenal. "（分数：10.00）(1).When freeing slaves, Harriet endured all the following except______.（分数：2.00）A.hungerB.dangerC.hardshipD.desolation(2).Harriet"s brothers turned back because______.（分数：2.00）A.they thought the freedom impossibleB.they were starving and had no foodC.they missed the rest of their familyD.they were frightened of being lost(3).According to the text, Harriet"s experience as slave could be a better basis for her______ later.（分数：2.00）A.healthB.optimismC.enduranceD.bravery(4).From the sixth paragraph, we can see that______.（分数：2.00）A.Harriet was very happy because she was not freeB.Harriet felt a little isolated, but she was strong-minded to free other slavesC.Harriet was disappointed with the NorthD.Harriet lost heart(5).After reading the whole passage, we can safely guess that it is a______.（分数：2.00）A.news reportB.novelC.biographyD.critique四、英译汉(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Translate the following passages into Chinese. The spring of life, and the spring of the year were alike meant to be cradled in the green lap of Nature. To us, in the town, spring brings but its cold winds and drizzling rains. We must seek it amongst the leafless wood, and the brambly lanes, on the heathy moors, and the great, still hills, if we want to feel its joyous breath, and hear its silent voices. There is a glorious freshness in the spring there. The scurrying clouds, the open bleakness, the rushing wind, and the clear bright air, thrill one with vague energies and hopes. Life, like the landscape around us, seems bigger, and wider, and freer—a rainbow road, leading to unknown ends. Through the silvery rents that bar the sky, we seem to catch a glimpse of the great hope and grandeur that lies around this little throbbing world, and a breath of its scent is wafted us on the wings of the wild March wind.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________2.Vanity is a motive of immense potency. Anyone who has much to do with children knows how they are constantly performing some antic, and saying "Look at me. " "Look at me" is one of the most fundamental desires of the human heart. It can take innumerable forms, from buffoonery to the pursuit of posthumous fame. One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds on. The more you are talked about, the more you will wish to be talked about. The condemned murderer who is allowed to see the account of his trial in the press is indignant if he finds a newspaper which has reported it inadequately. And the more he finds about himself in other newspapers, the more indignant he will be with the one whose reports are meager. Politicians and literary men are in the same case. And the more famous they become, the more difficult the press-cutting agency finds it to satisfy them. It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the influence of vanity throughout the range of human life, form the child of three to the potentate at whose frown the world trembles. Mankind have even committed the impiety of attributing similar desires to the Deity, whom they imagine avid for continual praise.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、汉译英(总题数：2，分数：4.00)3.Translate the following passages into English. 北京的道旁多植槐树，当槐花挂满枝桠香飘四逸的时候，夏日就带着炎热和浓绿向人们涌来了。

7、The deal，next week，will allow Charney to make a great fortune in the stock market.密 封 线自觉遵守考场纪律如考试作弊此答卷无效A ．completedB ．being completedC ．to be completedD ．having been completed8、––Cathy is not coming to your birthday party tonight. ––But she ______!A ．promisedB ．promisesC ．will promiseD ．had promised9、This film is very with young people, which tells a really romantic story. A ．familiar B ．popular C ．similar D ．particular10、We really emphasize the importance of putting______safeguards to prevent children’s identities from falling in wrong people’s hands. A ．in place B ．in vainC ．in questionD ．in earnest第二部分 阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

ACompany Names That Have Secret MeaningsCo-founder Larry Page was at a brainstorming session at Stanford for a new massive data indexing website. Someone sugges ted “googolplex”—one of the largest describable NUMBERS. Page shortened it to “googol.” When he later checked for the availability of the domain name, he made a mistake and typed in “google” instead. But he liked the name and registered it for himself and co-founder Sergey Brin.密封 线自觉遵守考场纪律如考试作弊此答卷无效This luxury car maker combined elements from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named for the French explorer Antoine Laumetde la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, th e first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick . Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity.The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was looking to make anelegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches. He settled on Rolex in 1908.367、Which company name has a close relationship with literature?A ．Google.B ．Cadillac.C ．Starbucks.D ．Rolex.1、Which of the following statements is True?A ．Google was adopted because “googol” was not available then.B ．Cadillac was named after the founding father of the company.C ．Starbucks was used due to the co-founder’s love for his town.D ．Hans Wilsdorf intended Rolex to be universally accepted.BWorld records can be set even if you are over 2 years old.Robert Marchand was born in 1911 in northern France. He enjoys riding a bicycle, and started cycling seriously when he was in his 60s. Marchand is now 105 years old.On Wednesday, a crowd gathered at the Velodrome National, about 30 kilometers outside ofParis. They were there to see how far he could travel in one hour. Array The record for one hour is held by Britain’s Bradley Wiggins, a former Tour de France winner. Wiggins covered 54.5 kil ometers in 2015. Evelyn Stevens of the United States holds the women’s record. She went almost 48 kilometers in an hour last year.In 2012, Marchand set a record for riders over 2 years old when he traveled almost 27 kilometers in an hour. So the question many people asked this week was: “Could he break his own record?” Marchand set off on his record attempt as sports lovers cheered and photographers watched. He moved slowly but steadily around the cycling track.Marchand is relatively small. He is only 1.52 meters tall and weighs 52 kilograms. When the hour ended, he completed 92 times around the track. That is just over 22.5 kilometers.After the event, Marchand said he could have done better. He did not see his trainers telling him he only had 10 minutes remaining. “I would have gone faster. I would have posted a better time,” he said.But the news was still good, as he did set a new record for riders 105-years-old or older. “I’m now waiting for a rival (对手),” he said.1、The main purpose of the first paragraph is to tell readers .A．an unbelievable factB．bring in the topic of the textC．any per son can set a world recordD．setting a world record is not so difficult as people think2、Which word can best describe the feeling of Marchand just after the event?A．Tired B．ProudC．Regretful D．Depressed3、Which of the following statements is NOT true?A．Bradley Wiggins set the cycling record in 2015B．Robert Marchand is the record holder of cycling over 2 years oldC．The women’s record of cycling record was set by Evelyn Stevens in 2016D．Though Marchand didn’t perform as well as before, he still set a record of cycling this year. 4、Which of the following well-known sayings best expresses the message of the text?A．Experience is the best teacher.B．You c an’t teach an old dog new tricks. Array C．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.D．Old people may still cherish high aspirations.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．When our second child was born, the doctor pointed out that her feet were turned inward. “Left uncorrected, it would be a 1 ,” he told us.We 2 to do anything we could do help our baby. 3 she was growing I had to take her back to the doctor every two weeks to have each foot recast. 4 the casting was finished and it was time for corrective 5 .Jim and I watched with hope and concern as she 6 to walk. Those first, awkward steps made us so 7 . By the time she entered preschool, her steps appeared quite 8 . Encouraged by her progress, we looked for something else to help strengthen her 9 body.As it turned out, she loved the 10 ! When she tuned six, we helped her join in skating lessons and soon she was skating 11 a swan. She kept working hard at every new12 , and her efforts 13 . At fifteen, she competed in both pairs-skating and the ladies’ singles at the 1988 World Junior Championships in Australia, wining both 14 !I thought back to the early years of 15 for Kristi---the years of fear for us as her parents, and the same years of frustration for her as a child two 16 wanted to walk. During those years, we didn’t expect gold medals and a good professional career17 her. We admired Kristi herself, 18 her strength and efforts, and how far she had come on two tiny feet that had 19 been bound in heavy casts. In our eyes, Kristi had always walked with the 20of a true champion.1、A．surprise B．problem C．gift D．success2、A．forgot B．promised C．stopped D．refused3、A．So B．If C．Because D．But4、A．Suddenly B．Immediately C．Especially D．Finally5、A．shoes B．books C．bags D．hats6、A．failed B．pretended C．struggled D．disliked7、A．lucky B．upset C．proud D．helpless Array8、A．hard B．special C．interested D．normal9、A．weak B．strong C．new D．big10、A．water B．ice C．fire D．air11、A．for B．with C．on D．like12、A．project B．side C．text D．movement13、A．got off B．paid off C．put off D．showed off14、A．events B．accidents C．debts D．stories15、A．opinion B．reward C．challenge D．hope16、A．merely B．almost C．easily D．seldom17、A．in need of B．in spite of C．ahead of D．instead of18、A．doubting B．respecting C．limiting D．controlling19、A．once B．still C．never D．seldom20、A．interest B．shadow C．task D．beauty第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

南开大学英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the woman going to do this evening?A. Go to a concertB. Do some shoppingC. Visit her parentsD. Attend a lecture【答案】A2. How much did the man pay for the tickets?A. $10B. $20C. $30D. $40【答案】B3. What time does the train leave?A. 6:00 a.m.B. 7:00 a.m.C. 8:00 a.m.D. 9:00 a.m.【答案】C4. Where does the conversation most likely take place?A. In a restaurantB. At a libraryC. In a bookstoreD. At a post office【答案】A5. What is the weather like today?A. SunnyB. RainyC. CloudyD. Windy【答案】B二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1The passage discusses the importance of environmental protection and the measures taken by various countries to reduce pollution.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Environmental protection is crucial for sustainable development.B. Pollution is a global issue that requires international cooperation.C. Countries have taken different approaches to address environmental problems.D. The passage emphasizes the need for individual action in protecting the environment.【答案】A7. According to the passage, which of the following is a measure taken by countries to reduce pollution?A. Implementing stricter emission standards for industriesB. Encouraging the use of public transportationC. Promoting renewable energy sourcesD. All of the above【答案】DPassage 2The passage describes the impact of technology on education and how it has changed the way students learn.8. What is the author's opinion on the role of technology in education?A. Technology has revolutionized the way students learn.B. Technology has made education more accessible to everyone.C. Technology has led to a decline in the quality of education.D. Technology has replaced traditional teaching methods.【答案】A9. What is an example of how technology has changed education mentioned in the passage?A. The use of online courses for distance learningB. The use of virtual reality for immersive learning experiencesC. The use of AI to personalize learning contentD. All of the above【答案】D三、完形填空（共20分）10. The best word to fill in the blank is "challenge."A. challengeB. opportunityC. threatD. advantage【答案】A11. The passage suggests that "innovation" is essential for success in the current competitive environment.A. innovationB. creativityC. adaptabilityD. persistence【答案】A12. The author believes that "teamwork" is a key factor in overcoming challenges.A. teamworkB. leadershipC. communicationD. collaboration【答案】A13. The word "effective" is used to describe the importance of "problem-solving skills" in achieving goals.A. effectiveB. efficientC. productiveD. successful【答案】A14. The passage emphasizes the value of "adaptability" in the face of change.A. adaptabilityB. flexibilityC. resilienceD. versatility【答案】A四、翻译（共15分）15. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

2008年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分120,考试时间90分钟)1. 选择题1. She gets along very well with everyone, so she is the most______member of our family.A. congenitalB. impetuousC. congenialD. imperious2. Lucy Stone,______ first feminists in the United States, helped organize the American Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.A. the oneB. who was theC. anotherD. one of the3. A very full cup is filled to the______.A. plugB. dentC. hatchD. brim4. The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and______to everyone.A. speculationB. attributionC. utilizationD. proposition5. At present, it is not possible to confirm or to refute the suggestion that there is a causal relationship between the amount of fat we eat and the______of heart attacksA. incidenceB. impetusC. ruptureD. emergence6. Executives of **pany enjoyed an______lifestyle of free gifts, fine wines and high salaries.A. exquisiteB. extravagantC. exoticD. eccentric7. A membership card______the holder to use the club"s facilities for a period of twelve months.A. approvesB. authorizesC. rectifiesD. endows8. The members of the club voted to______the meeting until after lunch.A. adjournB. adjoinC. adjustD. adjudge9. What I am telling you is strictly______. Don"t let anyone know of it.A. secretiveB. specialC. confidentD. confidential10. She felt sad for a while, but fortunately, the feeling was______.A. short-sightedB. transitoryC. shiftyD. transcendent11. Supposing the weather ______ bad, where would you go?A. isB. will beC. wereD. be12. Van Gogh"s rise to______fame as one of the world"s great artists came despite the fact that he scarcely sold a single painting during his lifetime.A. postmodernB. posthumousC. postmortemD. posterior13. ______your request for an additional assistant, I can only say at this stage that this is being considered.A. For the purpose ofB. In regard toC. In terms ofD. In view of14. Money sent______the broadcast appeal will be used to buy blankets and medical supplies.A. in favor ofB. in return forC. in exchange forD. in response to15. Sheep, cattle and antelope are______, unlike dogs and cats, they show no interest in meat.A. voraciousB. omnivorousC. carnivorousD. herbivorous16. A body weighs______from the surface of the earth.A. less the farther it getsB. the farther it gets, the lessC. less than it gets fartherD. less than the farther it gets17. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of ______reality.A. that is conceivedB. that is being conceived ofC. what it is conceivedD. what is conceived to be18. Captain Henry,______, crept slowly through the underbrush.A. being remote from the enemyB. attempting to not encounter the enemyC. trying to avoid the enemyD. not involving himself in the enemy19. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree______they can be deliberately controlled and modified.A. to whichB. in whichC. at whichD. on which20. The formal language he used was much too______for his trivial subject.A. austereB. eccentricC. pompousD. languid2. 完形填空For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They【C1】______that in the long runindustrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the【C2】______man. But they insisted that its【C3】______results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty, and misery for the【C4】______of the English population. 【C5】______contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a【C6】______agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, 【C7】______, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists【C8】______history and economics, have【C9】______two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was【C10】______by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.1. 【C1】A. admittedB. believedC. claimedD. predicted2. 【C2】A. plainB. averageC. meanD. normal3. 【C3】A. momentaryB. promptC. instantD. immediate4. 【C4】A. bulkB. hostC. grossD. magnitude5. 【C5】A. OnB. WithC. ForD. By6. 【C6】A. broadlyB. thoroughlyC. generallyD. completely7. 【C7】A. howeverB. meanwhileC. thereforeD. moreover8. 【C8】A. atB. inC. aboutD. for9. 【C9】A. manifestedB. approvedC. shownD. speculated10. 【C10】A. notedB. impressedC. labeledD. marked3. 阅读理解There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should decide onthe best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from **munities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all **merce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to **panies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in **munications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave **pany the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates.(The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.) **pany built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on **panies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1, 500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie. Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier, wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The **mon road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all, but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the **mon of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.1. Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of the______.A. popularity of turnpikesB. financing of new roadsC. development of the interiorD. laws governing road use2. In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country with______.A. other **munitiesB. towns in other statesC. river towns or seaportsD. construction sites3. The phrase "on the threshold of in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.A. in need ofB. in place ofC. at the start ofD. with the purpose of4. According to the passage, why did states want **panies to help with road building?A. The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B. The states were not as well equipped as **panies.C. **panies **plete roads faster than the states.D. **panies had greater knowledge of the interior.5. Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state that______.A. built roads without tollgatesB. built roads with government moneyC. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one yearD. introduced new law restricting road use6. The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in the last paragraph as an example of a feature of wagons that was______.A. unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehiclesB. first found in GermanyC. effective on roads with uneven surfacesD. responsible for frequent damage to freightDrunken driving—sometimes called America"s socially accepted form of murder—has become a national infectious disease. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.01 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American strong man image and judges were not severe in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant. Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21. Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist strong pressure to drink. Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. An inn in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was "obviously drunk" and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1991, what President Hoover called the "noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn"t stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.7. Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because______.A. most Americans are heavy drinkersB. Americans are now less shocked by road accidentsC. accidents attract so much publicityD. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America8. Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed?A. Detailed statistics are now available.B. The news media have revealed the problem.C. Judges are giving more severe sentences.D. Drivers are more conscious of their image.9. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that______.A. many drivers were not of legal ageB. young drivers were often bad driversC. the level of drinking increased in the 1960sD. the legal drinking age should be raised10. Laws recently introduced in some states have______.A. reduced the number of punishmentB. resulted in fewer serious accidentsC. prevented bars from serving drunken customersD. specified the amount drivers can drink11. Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve?A. Alcohol is easily obtained.B. Drinking is linked to organized crime.C. Legal prohibition has already failed.D. Legislation alone is not sufficient.Native Americans probably arrived from Asia in successive waves over several millennia, crossing a plain hundreds of miles wide that now lies inundated by 160 feet of water released by melting glaciers. For several periods of time, the first beginning around 60, 000 B.C. and the last ending around 7, 000 B.C., this land bridge was open. The first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals they hunted. They brought with them not only their families, weapons, and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding, sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song, **plemented their scientific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people. All this they shaped in a variety of languages, bringing into being oral literatures of power and beauty. Contemporary readers, forgetting the origins of western epic, lyric, and dramatic forms, are easily disposed to think of "literature" only as something written. But on reflection it becomes clear that the more critically useful as well as the more frequently employed sense of the term concerns the artfulness of the verbal creation, not its mode of presentation. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation, because some significant verbal achievement results from the struggle in words between tradition and talent. Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner vision in some skillfully crafted public verbal form. Of course, the differences between the written and oral modes of expression are not without consequences for an understanding of Native American literature. The essential difference is that a speech event is an **munication, an "emergent form", the shape, functions and aesthetic values of which become more clearly realized over the course of the performance. In performing verbal art, the performer assumes responsibility for the manner as well as the content of the performance, while the audience assumes the responsibility for evaluating the performer"s competence in both areas. It is this intense mutual engagement that elicits the display of skill and shapes the emerging performance. Where written literature provides us with a tradition of texts, oral literature offers a tradition of performances.12. According to the passage, why did the first people who came to North America leave their homeland?A. They were hoping to find a better climate.B. They were seeking freedom.C. They were following instructions given in a dream.D. They were looking for food.13. The word "compelling" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to______.A. joyousB. intricateC. competingD. forceful14. What is the main point of the second paragraph?A. Public performance is essential to verbal art.B. Oral narratives are a valid form of literature.C. Native Americans have a strong oral tradition in art.D. The production of literature provides employment for many artists.15. What can be inferred about the nature of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?A. It reflects historical and contemporary life in Asia.B. Its main focus is on daily activities.C. It is based primarily on scientific knowledge.D. It is reshaped each time it is experienced.16. According to the passage, what responsibility does the audience of a verbal art performance have?A. They provide financial support for performances.B. They judge the quality of the content and presentation.C. They participate in the performance by chanting responses.D. They determine the length of the performance by requesting a continuation.17. Which of the following is NOT true of the Native American literature discussed in the passage?A. It involves acting.B. It has ancient origins.C. It has a set form.D. It expresses an inner vision.18. What can be inferred from the passage about the difference between written and oral literature?A. Written literature reflects social values better than oral literature does.B. Written literature involves less interaction between audience and creator during the creative progress than oral literature does.C. Written literature usually is not based on historical events, whereas oral literature is.D. Written literature is not as highly respected as oral literature is.19. What is the author"s attitude toward Native American literature?A. Admiring of its form.B. Critical of the cost of its production.C. Amused by its content.D. Skeptical about its origins.In the United States the per capita costs of schooling have risen almost as fast as the cost of medical treatment. But increased treatment by both doctors and teachers has shown steadily declining results. Medical expenses concentrated on those above forty-five have doubled several times over a period of forty years with a resulting 3 percent increase in the life expectancy of men. The increase in educational expenditures has produced even stranger results; otherwise President Nixon could not have been moved this spring to promise that every child shall soon have the "Right to Read" before leaving school. In the United States it would take eighty billion dollars per year to provide what educators regard as equal treatment for all in grammar and high school. This is well over twice the $36 billion now being spent. Independent cost projections prepared atHEW and at the University of Florida indicate that by 1974 **parable figures will be $107 billion as against the $45 billion now projected, and these figures wholly omit the enormous costs of what is called "higher education", for which demand is growing even faster. The United States, which spent nearly eighty billion dollars in 1969 for "defense", including its deployment in Vietnam, is obviously too poor to provide equal schooling. The President"s committee for the study of school finance should ask not how to support or how to trim such increasing costs, but how they can be avoided. Equal obligatory schooling must be recognized as at least economically unfeasible. In Latin America the amount of public money spent on each graduate student is between 350 and 1, 500 times the amount spent on the median citizen(that is, the citizen who holds the middle ground between the poorest and the richest). In the United States the discrepancy is smaller, but the discrimination is keener. The richest parents, some 10 percent, can afford private education for their children and help them to benefit from foundation grants. But in addition they obtain ten times the per capita amount of public funds if this is compared with the per capita expenditure made on the children of the 10 percent who are poorest. The principal reasons for this are that rich children stay longer in school, that a year in a university is disproportionately more expensive than a year in high school, and that most private universities depend—at least indirectly—on tax-derived finances. Obligatory schooling inevitably polarizes a society; it also grades the nations of the world according to an international caste system. Countries are rated like castes whose educational dignities determined by the average years of schooling of its citizens, a rating which is closely related to per capita gross national product, and much more painful.20. Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?A. The educational **ings of the United States, in contrast to those of Latin America, are merely the result of poor allocation of available resources.B. Both education and medical care are severely underfunded.C. Obligatory schooling must be scrapped if the goal of educational equality is to be realized.D. Obligatory education does not and cannot provide equal education.21. The author most likely would agree with which one of the following solutions to the problems presented by obligatory education?A. Education should not be obligatory at all.B. Education should not be obligatory for those who cannot afford it.C. More money should be diverted to education for the poorest.D. Countries should cooperate to **mon minimal educational standards.22. According to the passage, education is like health care in all of the following ways EXCEPT______.A. it has reached a point of diminishing returns, increased spending no longer results in significant improvementB. it has an inappropriate "more is better" philosophyC. it is unfairly distributed between rich and poorD. the amount of money being spent on older students is increasing23. Why does the author consider the results from increased educational expenditures to be "even stranger" than those from increased medical expenditures?A. The aging of the population should have had an impact only on medical care, not on education.B. The "Right to Read" should be a bare minimum, not a Presidential ideal.C. Education has become even more discriminatory than health care.D. It inevitably polarizes society.24. Which one of the following most accurately characterizes the author"s attitude with respect to obligatory schooling?A. Qualified admiration.B. Critical.C. Neutral.D. Ambivalent.25. By stating "In Latin America the amount of public money spent on each graduate student is between 350 and 1, 500 times the amount spent on the median citizen" and "In the United States the discrepancy is smaller" the author implies that______.A. equal education is possible in the United States but not In Latin AmericaB. equal education for all at the graduate level is an unrealistic idealC. educational spending is more efficient in the United StatesD. higher education is more expensive than lower education both in Latin America and in the United States, but more so in Latin America4. 英译汉1. Translate the following two passages into Chinese on the Answer Sheet.(24 points) I had scarcely got into bed when a strain of music seemed to break forth in the air just below the window. I listened, and found it proceeded from a band, which I concluded to be the amateur musicians from some neighboring village. They went round the house, playing under the windows.I drew aside the curtains to hear them more distinctly. The moonbeams fell through the upper part of the window, partially lighting up the antiquated apartment. The sounds, as they receded, became more soft and aerial and seemed to accord with the quiet moonlight. I listened and listened—they became more and more tender and remote, and, as they gradually died away, my head sunk upon the pillow, and I fell asleep.2. A plant breeder(植物育种工作者)tries to assemble a combination of genes in a crop plant which will make it as useful and productive as possible. Depending on where and for what purpose the plant is grown, desirable genes may provide features such as higher yield or improved quality, pest or disease resistance, or tolerance to heat, cold and drought. Combining the best genes in one plant is a long and difficult process, especially as traditional plant breeding has been limited to artificially crossing plants within the same species or with closely related species to bring different genes together. For example, a gene for protein in soybean could not be transferred to a completely different crop such as corn using traditional techniques.5. 汉译英1. Translate the following passages into English on the Answer Sheet.(26 points) 某年某月某日，气象台预报天气：B市今日睛转阴，气温27℃至32℃。