美国去工业化与再工业化问题研究--对中国工业发展的一些启示
摘要改革开放三十年来,中国经济取得了巨大的发展,国内生产总值也跃居世界第三,但是,在经济飞速发展的同时,也带来了诸多问题,如过度依赖外需、政府投资主导、环境问题严重等等,这些问题的存在使得中国经济的长期增长陷入困境。很多学者提出通过转变经济增长方式来走出这一困境,从而实现经济的可持续发展。此次金融危机的爆发,使得这些深藏在中国经济内部的很多问题暴露无疑,中国经济的发展模式迫切需要转变,产业结构迫切需要调整。与此同时, 低碳时代的到来,对中国经济的发展提出了更高的要求。美国在经历长时间的去工业化过程之后,缺乏实体经济支撑的经济早已陷入疲软状态,为保持强势状态, 只得通过泡沫来掩盖。终究这一状态难以维持,这次的金融危机便是明证。针对这种经济失衡状态,美国政府和不少学者纷纷提出"实业救国的口号,提倡美国经济"再工业化。且不管这是美国经济的长期策略导向还是政治作秀或贸易保护主义的外衣,这一回归策略都将对世界经济产生深远的影响。作为严重依赖外资、外需的中国来说,这种影响更是不可小觑。在面临内外部环境转换的双重压力之下,中国经济急需找到出路。本文正是基于这一背景,首先对美国的去工业化过程及再工业化趋势进行了阐述,分析了其将对中国经济产生的威胁,并结合中国经济自身存在的缺陷,对中国经济尤其是中国工业的发展路径提出了一些看法。跟工业化有关的问题一直是专家学者
们较热衷的话题,因此关于这方面的文献数不胜数,本文第
一部分主要对国内外学者的相关观点进行了梳理,在此基础上提出自己的论文思路。文章第二部分对危机前美国的去工业化状况进行了分析。我们首先对去工业化的含义进行解读,在此基础上对美国去工业化之前的工业化过程进行了回顾,然后利用数据说话,说明美国之前确实存在去工业化,而正是这种去工业化,导致美国工人失业和贸易赤字,从而成为
导致这次危机的元凶之一,在此基础上提出再工业化是实现再平衡的路径,这部分内容为第三部分再工业化的探索奠定基础。文章第三部分描述了危机后美国对再工业化的探索。通过对再工业化进行定义和衡量,说明美国最近几个月确实存在再工业化倾向,但是效果并不是很明显,美国近几个月
来的失衡状况并没有得到明显改善。究竟这种倾向是不是长期的呢又或者这只是政治家们用来拉选票的手段美国再
工业化将给中国带来哪些挑战呢第四部分首先分析了中国工业发展的现状,说明其发展过程中存在的问题,然后根据
对美国去工业化和再工业化问题的研究,得出了中国工业发展的几点启示。文章最后部分对相关课题进行了总结和展望,结论部分主要阐述了本论文的特色及不足,展望部
�1�7�1�7则阐述了这方面内容还有哪些问题尚需解决,哪些理论尚需完善,以使其能更好的指导实践。关键词:工业化去工业化再工业化 2 Abstracts During the tllin)r
years'reform and opening,Chinese economy has got tremendous development,and GDP has been the third largest in the world.Dowever at the meantime,it also brings many problems,such as over-dependence on external demand、government�9�9 led investment,the serious environmental polluti�1�7�1�7�1�7n and SO on.These problems make the long-term'S growth of china in dilemma.Many scholars have pointed the way to get rid is change the mode of economic growth,then achieve the sustainable development.The outbreak of this crisis made many internal problems outside,and the mode of China'S economic development needs to alter and the industrial structure needs to adjust urgently.Meanwhile,the coming of low-carbon era comes up ahigher requirements.After
long-times'de-industrialization,American economy lacking of real economy'S support has already caught in the weak state.In order to keep the strong state,they create bubbles to cover up.After all this state Call hardly sustained,and this financial crisis is the best ernment and sc�1�7�1�7�1�7olars put forward the slogan"saving the country by real economy'',it is equal to
re-industrialization.Whether it is the long-term strategic orientation,or political showing or the trade protectionism 7Scoat,this slogan Can make far impact on the world economy especially to Ch ina.Under the double pressure of internal and external environment,Chinese economy must find an outlet. Just on the background,this paper describes the process of de�9�9 industrialization and the trend of re-industrialization of the United Status,then analyze the threats to Chinese economy contact its own shortcomings,final provide some views on the development path of Chinese industry. Exports and scholars have been mole enthusiastic about the industrialization- related
�1�7�1�7�1�7ssues,so the related researches are numerous.In the first part it combs the relevant point in world wide.puts forward its own ideas on the base.The second pan' analyzing the de�9�9 industrialization of the United States pre-crisis.Firstly I interpreted the definition of de-industrialization secondly overview the process of industrialization of America.Then、Ⅳim the嗷of
data�1�7�1�7�1�7testifying the existence of
de-industrialization in America and it is this
de-industrialization leading to unemployment and trade
