定语从句语法详解
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初中定语从句语法讲解完整版•定语从句基本概念•关系代词引导定语从句目录•关系副词引导定语从句•介词+关系词引导定语从句•特殊类型定语从句•定语从句在句子中成分和位置•总结回顾与拓展延伸01定语从句基本概念定义与作用定义定语从句是对名词或代词进行修饰、限定的从句,其作用是提供更多关于所修饰词的信息。
作用使句子表达更具体、生动,有助于读者或听者更准确地理解所表达的内容。
前置定语通常将定语从句放在被修饰词的前面,如“漂亮的花园”中,“漂亮的”就是前置定语。
将定语从句放在被修饰词的后面,用逗号隔开,如“花园,漂亮的”中,“漂亮的”就是后置定语。
对被修饰词进行必要的限定,使句子意思更明确,如“我喜欢那本红色的书”中,“红色的”就是限定性定语从句。
对被修饰词进行补充说明,去掉后不影响句子意思的完整性,如“我昨天买了本书,它是关于历史的”中,“它是关于历史的”就是非限定性定语从句。
后置定语限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句结构形式与其他从句区别与名词性从句区别名词性从句在句子中充当主语、宾语等成分,而定语从句则充当定语成分,修饰名词或代词。
与状语从句区别状语从句表达主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因等背景信息,而定语从句则对名词或代词进行修饰、限定。
与同位语从句区别同位语从句对前面的名词进行解释说明,两者处于同等地位;而定语从句则对前面的名词进行修饰、限定,处于从属地位。
02关系代词引导定语从句关系代词种类及用法关系代词种类常见的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。
用法关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等,连接先行词和从句,起到桥梁作用。
限制性定语从句中关系代词省略情况省略条件在限制性定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中充当宾语时,可以省略。
示例The book (that) I borrowed from the library is veryinteresting. 我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
定语从句语法总结定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,在句中充当定语的作用。
它可以用来进一步描述、限定或补充名词或代词的含义。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
以下是一些关于定语从句的语法总结:1.关系代词:(1)主格:who,which,that- Who用于指人,作主语时代替的人- The person who is standing over there is my brother.- Which用于指物,作主语时代替的事物- The book which is on the table is mine.- That用于指人或物,作主语时代替的人或事物,比who和which 更常用- The man that is talking to Mary is her boss.(2)宾格:whom,which,that- Whom用于指人,作宾语时代替的人- The person whom I met yesterday is my teacher.- Which用于指物,作宾语时代替的事物- The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.- That用于指人或物,作宾语时代替的人或事物,比whom和which 更常用- The man that I saw in the park is my neighbor.(3)所有格:whose- Whose用于指人或物,表示所有关系- The woman whose husband is a doctor is my aunt.2. 关系副词:when,where,why- When用于指时间,修饰表示时间的名词- The day when we met was sunny and beautiful.- Where用于指地点,修饰表示地点的名词- The city where I was born is very beautiful.- Why用于指原因,修饰表示原因的名词- The reason why he came late is that he missed the bus.注意事项:-在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词前面需加逗号或分号- 关系代词who,which,that在口语和非正式的书面语中,常可省略-在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,并且其人称、数要与先行词保持一致-定语从句的谓语动词通常与先行词保持一致,但也有例外情况,如当先行词表示所有者时,谓语动词要与关系代词的先行词保持一致。
定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
定语从句语法讲解定语从句语法讲解“定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,下面店铺为大家带来的定语从句语法讲解!一、知识点梳理充当定语修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,由一定的连接词引导,连接词称为关系代词(which,that,as,whom,who,whose)或关系副词(when,where,why)1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句起对先行词进行限定、区分的作用。
若去掉易产生歧义或使主句意义不明确。
(此类定语从句前后没有逗号)【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我妈妈给我买的裙子很漂亮。
⑵非限定性定语从句与先行词之间的关系比较松散,只对先行词起说明和描述的作用。
若省去,剩余部分意义仍然完整,表达清楚。
(此类定语从句前后用逗号隔开)【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are verymarvelous.你的作品人人欣赏,实在是太了不起了。
Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a greatwriter.莎士比亚是个伟大的作家,他的剧作很受欢迎。
⑶某些情况下,一个定语从句既可以作限定性定语从句,又可以作为非限定性定语从句,但二者含义有差别。
【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.这里有十辆中国制造的车。
(这里可能还有其他的车) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 这里有十辆车,它们都是中国制造的。
定语从句语法详解与案例分析定语从句是英语中常用的修饰名词的从句结构,它可以给予读者更多的信息,以便更清晰地描述一个人或事物。
在本文中,我们将对定语从句的语法做详细解释,并提供一些案例分析来加深理解。
一、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构由引导词(关系词)和从句组成。
引导词根据其在定语从句中的功能和先行词的词性可以分为以下几种:1. 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或属格,其选择要根据引导词在定语从句中所充当的成分来确定。
例句1:The girl who is standing there is my sister.例句2:I have a friend whose father is a doctor.例句3:Is there anything that I can do for you?2. 关系副词:where, when, why关系副词分别表示地点、时间和原因,其在定语从句中充当状语。
例句4:I still remember the day when we first met.例句5:This is the place where we used to study.例句6:I don't know the reason why he left.二、定语从句的用法定语从句在句子中的位置可以灵活变化,但通常紧跟在被修饰的名词后面。
1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对名词的修饰是必要的,如果去掉将会使句子的意思不完整或不明确。
关系词可以是关系代词或关系副词。
例句7:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.例句8:He is the man who won the first prize in the competition.2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对名词的修饰是附加的,可以去掉而不影响句子的基本意思。
定语从句语法知识点总结定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的句子,常常用来给出进一步的描述或限定。
以下是一些定语从句的语法知识点总结:1. 引导词:定语从句通常由关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。
2.关系代词的选用:- that: 可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句;用于人和物;- which: 用于非限定性定语从句,用于物;- who/whom: 用于人,在从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom;- whose: 用于人和物,表示所属关系。
3.关系副词的选用:- where: 用于地点,在从句中作地点状语;- when: 用于时间,在从句中作时间状语;- why: 用于原因,在从句中作原因状语。
4.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:-限定性定语从句用来限定所修饰名词或代词的范围,不能省略,不用逗号与主句分开;-非限定性定语从句用来对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明,可以省略,用逗号与主句分开。
5.关系代词作宾语的省略:- 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略:即省略关系代词that/which/who/whom,但要保留动词的宾语位置。
6.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用:-关系代词在定语从句中充当一个成分,可以作主语、宾语、表语等;-关系副词在定语从句中充当一个状语,只能作时间、地点或原因状语。
7.先行词和定语从句的一致性:-关系代词的单复数和人称应与其在定语从句中的先行词保持一致;- 关系代词whose引导的定语从句是表示所属关系的,后面的先行词是被关系代词修饰的名词。
需要注意的是,定语从句的位置可以是句首、句中或句尾,要根据具体情况进行调整。
英语语法讲解之定语从句一、几个基本概念1.定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/which/whom/whose﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why﹙3﹚引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
﹙4﹚引导词的功能(作用):①连接先行词和定语从句。
②在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
5.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句Eg.The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Eg.The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.=介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在相关动词之后。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.※﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
英语定语从句语法详解定语从句是英语中非常重要的一个语法结构,用于修饰名词或代词,并且在句子中起到定语的作用。
在本文中,我们将详细介绍英语定语从句的概念、用法以及常见的引导词。
一、定语从句的概念和用途定语从句是由一个句子作为整体,用来修饰名词或代词的句子。
它可以提供进一步的信息,使得句子更加具体明确。
定语从句通常放置在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
In this sentence, "that I bought yesterday"是一个定语从句,修饰名词"book",进一步解释了这本书的情况。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有:who、whom、whose、which、that等;常见的关系副词有:when、where、why等。
1. 关系代词的用法a. who/whom/whose:用于人。
who用作主语或宾语,whom用作宾语,而whose表示所有关系。
例如:The man who is standing over there is my father.那个站在那里的人是我爸爸。
The boy whom I met yesterday is my classmate.我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
This is the house whose roof is red.这是一座屋顶是红色的房子。
b. which/that:用于物。
which用作主语或宾语,that可用作主语、宾语或定语。
例如:The car which/that is parked in front of the house is mine.停在房子前面的那辆车是我的。
The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
定语从句详解+例句定语从句是英语重点语法之一,几乎每个人在研究英语时都会遇到,也是高考、四级、六级等考试的重点,因此需要系统的掌握和练。
定语从句在英语中经常出现,用于修饰名词或代词,从而可以更加精准地表达意思。
以下是定语从句的详细解释和例句。
一、什么是定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词,从而使该名词或代词的含义更加精确。
在定语从句中,包含了一个关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或一个关系副词(where,when,why)等。
二、定语从句的种类1. 定义性定语从句定义性定语从句是限制性的定语从句。
它的作用是进一步说明名词的具体内容和范围。
这种定语从句中的关系代词一般用that/who/which。
例:The book which is on the desk is mine. (在桌子上的书是我的。
)2. 非定义性定语从句非定义性定语从句是非限制性的定语从句。
它用来为名词或代词提供附加的描述或补充信息。
这种定语从句中的关系代词一般用which/who。
例:My husband, who is a doctor, is very busy. (我丈夫是个医生,非常忙。
)三、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词关系代词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose。
指物指人主格 which who宾格 which/ that whom/who形容词性物主代词 whose whose2. 关系副词关系副词有三个,分别是 when、where 和 why,表示时间、地点和原因。
四、定语从句的位置定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词之后,用于对该名词进行限制或描述。
五、注意点1. 先行词需要同定语从句中的关系代词在性、数上保持一致。
2. 当先行词在定语从句中作为主语时,关系代词要使用主格形式 who 或者 that。
若先行词在定语从句中作为宾语,关系代词要使用宾格形式 whom 或者 that。
定语从句的语法定语从句的语法大全一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的`音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
定语从句语法归纳总结
定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句。
一般来说,定语从句在句子中充当形容词的角色,对先行词进行进一步的描述或限定。
定语从句的引导词主要有以下几种:
1. 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that;
2. 关系副词:where, when, why。
定语从句的一般句型为:
先行词+关系代词/关系副词+句子主干
定语从句的位置可以是先行词的后面,也可以是先行词的前面。
如果是将定语从句放在先行词后面,需要使用逗号将两者分隔开。
如果是将定语从句放在先行词前面,不需要使用逗号。
关系代词的用法:
1. who: 指人,作主语或宾语;
2. whom: 指人,作宾语;
3. whose: 指人或物,表示所有关系;
4. which: 指物,作主语或宾语;
5. that: 指人或物,作主语或宾语,用于限定性定语从句。
关系副词的用法:
1. where: 指地点,用于限定性定语从句;
2. when: 指时间,用于限定性定语从句;
3. why: 指原因,用于限定性定语从句。
不同引导词的选择要根据先行词的性质和在定语从句中的所起的作用来决定。
除了基本的定语从句结构外,还有一些特殊的定语从句结构,如限制性定语从句中的省略、非限制性定语从句的用法等。
定语从句在英语中是非常常用的一种句型,掌握好定语从句的用法可以提高句子的表达能力,并且帮助我们更准确地描述和限定名词或代词。
定语从句语法总结定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它能够用来修饰一个名词或代词,并且起到进一步说明或详细描述的作用。
在使用定语从句时,我们需要了解一些基本的语法规则和注意事项。
本文将对定语从句的基本结构、引导词、常见类型及其用法进行总结。
接下来,我们将从以下几个方面来详细讨论。
一、基本结构定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,它们在从句中作为主语、宾语、或修饰名词或代词的定语。
常见的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that;关系副词有:when, where, why, how。
定语从句的基本结构如下:1. 关系代词引导的定语从句:The book that/which you lent me is very interesting.The man who/whom we met yesterday is a famous actor.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句:I still remember the day when I first met her.This is the place where we used to have picnics.二、引导词的选择1. 关系代词的选择:a. 当先行词是人时, 用who/whom/whose。
b. 当先行词是动物或事物时, 用which/whose。
c. 当先行词既指人又指物时, 可用that/which/whose。
2. 关系副词的选择:a. when 引导时间地点,在从句中作状语。
b. where 引导地点,在从句中作状语。
c. why 引导原因或理由,在从句中作状语。
d. how 引导方式、程度或比较,在从句中作状语。
三、定语从句的类型及使用1. 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句用于对先行词起修饰或限制的作用,它提供的信息对于句子来说是必要的,如果去掉定语从句,主句的意思就不完整或不明确。
关系代词可以作为主语、宾语、或修饰名词的定语。
完整版)定语从句语法详解定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句,通常放在先行词之后,由关系词引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,因此也被称为形容词性从句。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
关系词是引导定语从句的关联词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that。
who。
whom。
whose。
which和as(主、宾、定);关系副词有when。
where。
why(状语)。
关系词的作用是连接先行词和定语从句,并代替先行词在句中充当成分。
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。
从句和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略。
例如:She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明,但如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。
从句和主句之间用逗号隔开,一般用于口语或文学作品中。
例如:My friend。
who is a doctor。
gave me some medical advice.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
2.只用which的情况:1)当先行词在从句中作表语时,只能用which,不能用that。
XXX.他给出的理由不令人信服。
2)当先行词是物时,且在从句中作主语时,只能用which,不能用that。
egThe book which is on the desk is XXX.在桌子上的书是我的。
3.既可以用that,也可以用which的情况:1)当先行词是人或物时,且在从句中作宾语时,that和which都可以使用。
XXX.我昨天遇到的那个人是一名医生。
The car that/which I bought last year is very XXX.我去年买的那辆车非常贵。
2)当先行词在从句中作介词宾语时,that不能用,只能用which。
完整版)定语从句详解+例句定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句。
也就是说,名词或代词后面的从句就是定语从句,而被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的词叫做关系词,其中包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中可以担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等多种语法成分,而关系副词则可以担任状语成分。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的有who、that、which和as;在定语从句中充当宾语的有who、whom、that、which和as;在定语从句中充当定语的有whose和which。
当先行词是人时,关系代词可以是who、whom、that和as;当先行词是物时,关系代词可以是which、that、whose和as。
关系副词有when(先行词为时间)、where(先行词为地点)和why (先行词为原因),它们是介词和which/whom的组合。
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。
当先行词与关系词之间没有逗号隔开时,就是限制性定语从句;而当先行词与关系词之间有逗号隔开时,就是非限制性定语从句,而且一般由which引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。
关系代词who指人,在定语从句中充当主语;而whom 指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常常可以省略。
关系代词which指物,在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语,而它在充当宾语时可以省略。
需要注意的是,口语和非正式语体中,关系代词whom常常可以用who代替,并且可以省略。
XXX.This is the pen he XXX.When referring to a person。
"that" can be used in place of "who" or "whom" in object clauses。
and can be omitted.The number of visitors to the city increases by one n each year.Where is the man I saw this morning?XXX used to refer to people。
定语从句被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中,"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)Ⅰ. 概念:(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)①常用的关系代词: that 、 which 、 who 、whom 、whose 、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who …not …, "没有……不……", 在从句中作主语,宾语)②常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when 、why 、 whereThe student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.PS:what 不能引导定语从句.⑷ 定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法: 关系代词代替人 代替物 代替人或物 ① 同时代替人和物,只用that ② 作动词宾语的关系代词可省略主语who which that 宾语whom which that 定语 Whose=of whom Whose=of which●that : 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
定语从句详解+例句(精品)定语从句详解+例句一、定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。
2,代替先行词。
3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.四.关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/whereI was born.五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例:(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例:(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
定语从句语法详解,希望能够帮助考生备考英语学科考试,赢得高分。
一、定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。
定语可以由形容词,名词,不定式,分词,动名词或从句来充当。
eg: She is a beautiful girl. (形容词)I met someone funny on my way to Beijing. (形容词)(修饰不定代词的定语后置)He is an English teacher. (名词)(名词作定语时一般用单数,例外的有sports, 如a sports star)I have a lot of work to do. (不定式)The book written by a schoolboy is very popular now. (过去分词短语)We can see the rising sun. (现在分词) = the sun is rising.He is in the reading room. (动名词) = the room for readingThe boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother. (从句)注意:1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面;但当形容词修饰的是something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, everybody, somewhere等不定代词时,要放在这些词的后面。
present (在场的), absent (缺席的)作定语时需要后置。
students present / absent2. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。
3 分词作定语时,即可放在所修饰词前,也可放在所修饰词后1)分词前置:单独的一个分词作定语,一般放在所修饰词前。
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人2)分词后置分词在以下情况,放在所修饰词的后面i. 分词词组; There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里ii. 个别分词如given, left;This is the question given. 这是所给的问题iii. 修饰不定代词something等There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.= Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa二、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
I like the books that are written by Mr. Green.先行词关系词A. 关系词:关系词通常有三个作用:引导定语从句,指代先行词,在定语从句中充当句子成分。
Anyone who breaks the law will surely be punished.1. 先行词指人时,定语从句的引导词:(1)指人时,who和that都可以使用.(2)who和whom都可以作定语从句宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,不能用who.He is the man who / whom I talked to you about.= He is the man about whom I talked to you.(3)先行词是人时,只用who, 不用或少用that的情况:a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone时,引导定语从句的关系词一般只用who, 不用that如果先行词是someone, 也可用thatHe is not one who is easily frightened.I think Joe is the one who borrowed my peo.The ones who tell lies won’t gain others’ trust.Anyone who saw the accident should phone the police.Someone who / that claims to be your uncle wants to see you.b. 先行词是those时,关系代词一般用who不用thatThose who don’t wish to go need not go.c. There be 句型中,修饰人的定语从句的关系代词一般只用who来引导There is a certain old man in the village who none of us likes.d. 若一个句子中有两个定语从句,第一个已经用that, 则第二个一般用whoThe man that is talking with our teacher is the professor who gave us a report yesterday.e. 当定语从句与先行词较远时,引导定语从句的关系代词一般只用whoI came across my first teacher in the store yesterday who was still beautiful.f 非限定性定语从句只用who来引导, 不用thatHe has a son, who is a doctor.(4)当先行词是人,只用that不用who的情况:a. 以who开头的特殊疑问句,定语从句的先行词如果是人,关系代词只用that不用who Who is the girl that said hello to you just now?b. 当先行词既有人也有物时,定语从句只用that来引导They ofter talk about the person and things that they remember.c. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,只用that来引导He’s changed. He is not the man that he was.d. 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时,只用that.This is the most beautiful lady that I have ever met.e. 当先行词是other时,定语从句只用that 引导。
You can ask the old man or any other that was there at the time.[page]2. 先行词是物时that 和which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。
(1) 下列场合一般用that:a. 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, theone, none等不定代词We should do all that is useful to the people.The little that I have seen of his work is satisfactory.b. 先行词被序数词,形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no,some, very等词修饰The first book that I bought in this bookstore is a dictionary.The last person that I talked with in London is my girlfriendThe best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroadYou can take any seat that is vacant.c. 先行词有两个:一个指人,另一个指物I miss all the people and places that we visited last summerd. 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。
e. There be 句型中,There is a seat in the corner that is free.f. 先行词为数词时Three buildings have been completed, but there are two that are still under construction.(2) 下列场合不能用thata. 在非限定性定语从句中,即逗号后的定语从句不用that引导,指人时用who或whom, 指物时用which.b. 在“介词+ 关系代词”结构中不用that, 指人时用whom, 指物时用which.This is the book about which we are talking.c. 先行词为that, those时,关系词用which指物,who指人What’s that whi ch you have got in your hand?d. 两个定语从句,一个用了that, 另一个则用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which wasnewly open to us.e. 关系代词后有插入语时,只用whichHere are some stamps which – I think – you can take away.3. 当关系词在从句中作宾语时,关系词可以省略。
4. 当先行词指时间,地点,原因(the reason)时,且关系词在从句中作状语,用when,where, why如果关系词在从句中作主语,表语或宾语,则用that 或which.I want to visit the place where my mother was born.= I want to visit the place in which my mother was born.I still remember the years when I studied in the middle school.= I still remember the years in which I studied in the middle school.I don’t know the reason why he didn’t agree with us.= I didn’t know the reason for which he didn’t agree with us.5. 当先行词是the way, 并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时,可以用that, in which引导,也可省略。