专业英语 人工智能 最终版共30页文档

Example
The American scholar McCarthy who is considered the father of artificial intelligence of organized a Society, many experts and scholars gathered together for a discussion of up to two months. Inviting them to participate in the "Summer Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Research Society." Since then, this field is named "artificial intelligence"
• 人工智能是计算机科学的前沿，充满机遇和挑战。
• “A student in physics might reasonably feel that all the good ideas have already been taken by Galileo,Newton,Einstein,and the rest,and that it takes many years of study before one can contribute new ideas,AI,on the other hand,still has openings for a full-time Einstein.”
Minsky
“make computer more useful and to understand principles that make intelligence possible.” 使电脑更加有用和明白原则，使智力成为可 能。
Winston
What is AI?
Views of AI fall into four categories:
Perceptron limitations(感知机局限性) A two-input perceptron cannot be trained to recognize when its two inputs are different.
Greatmen
McCarthy Minsky
麦卡锡
明斯基
Shannon 香农
• Approach》
_______《Artificial Intelligence:A modern
• （一位在物理学领域的学生会理所当然的认为所有的好点子已经
被伽利略，牛顿，爱因斯坦和其他人，它需要许多年前的研究能 做出贡献的新思路，另一方面，AI，仍然作为一个全职的爱因斯 坦。）
“Science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by man.” 让机器做的事情，需要智慧，如果做了人的 科学。
Systems that act rationally
A field of study that seeks to explain and emulate intelligent behavior in terms of computational processes” (Schalkol, 1990)
Artificial Intelligence
Science
Search engines
Labor
Appliances
content
• Definition • Meanings • History and greatmen • Developing and difficulties • Knowledge • Current situation • Applications and Achievements • Future
Systems that think like humans
The exciting new effort to make computers thinks … machine with minds, in the full and literal sense” (Haugeland 1985)
Systems that think rationally
•国际人工智能联合会议
Birth 1956
Difficulties
Secondary Translation - Machine Translation the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak the vodka is good but the meat is rotten
Combinatorial explosion problem (组合爆炸) The fact that a program can find a solution in principle does not means that the program contains any of the mechanisms needed to find it in practice.
The History of AI
Present Computational Intelligence
Neural Networks Reborn 1986
Knowledge Engineering 1977
Difficul966
Enthusiasm（狂热） 1969 IJCAI was held
Definition 定义
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. Definition in AI textbook :”the study and design of intelligent agents” 人工智能（AI）是机器智能与计算机科学， 旨在创建它的分支。在AI教科书的定义： “学习的智能代理的设计。”
“The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models” (Charniak et al. 1985)
Systems that act like humans
“The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people” (Kurzweil, 1990)