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(四)
❖ 在世界文艺史上,特别是欧美近代文艺 史上,希腊神话,以及由此脱胎出来的罗马 神话,曾经发挥了重大作用。希腊艺术,史 诗,悲剧,雕刻和绘画,无不采用神话为题 材,这一事实对近代和现代文坛巨匠的选材 倾向颇有影响。
❖ 希腊和罗马神话在欧美文学史上巨上具 有深远的影响。因此有人讲,不懂得希腊和 罗马神话,就在相当的程度上失去了欣赏和 了解欧美文艺的机缘。这种讲法决不过分。 所以,对于一个学习英语的人来说,了解一 点神话故事知识是非常必要的。
• Persephone Proserpina Wife of Hades
• Poseidon Neptune The Earth Shaker
• Zeus
Jupiter The Alpha of
Immortals
I am Zeus, the king of the gods. My sister, Hera, is my wife but I also love the maidens on earth. I, Zeus, am represented by the eagle,
前言
(一) 古希腊人是秉性聪慧,颇具头脑的民族。他们 四处游荡,细心观察,对大自然的雄伟壮丽和风云 变幻,充满了赞美、惊叹而茫然不解的复杂心情。 静谧的夜空里,鸟兽虫鱼繁衍。昼夜交替,四季 循环;一粒松子长成参天大树,涓涓细流汇成奔 腾的江河‥‥‥在几千年前,他们就开始对大自然 这些现象进行思考,并且朦胧地意识到,似乎天地 之间,万物之上,有一种超人的精灵存在。他们把
My statue and temple
wenku.baidu.com
I am Poseidon, god of the sea. I carry a trident and rule the waters. Some call me Earth Shaker because of the violent waves created by my trident.
I love to race the waves while riding my snow-white horses. I gave the first horse to humans. Zeus is my brother.
I am Hades, ruler of the Underworld--the Land of the Dead. I, too, am a brother of Zeus. All of the gems and precious metals are mine because they are “under” the Earth. As soon as a man comes to me, I rarely let him return to Earth. I kidnapped Persephone and made her my wife!
• Greek
Roman
• Hestia Hearth
Vesta Goddess of the
• Kronos Titans
Saturn Lord of the
• Odysseus Ulysses A Very Resourceful Traveler
• Pan
Faunus The Goat God
己族有族长,国有国君一样。这位天神就 是无所不能,无所不知的主神“宙斯”。
他 们还觉得,众神应该住在不同于凡世的神 的世界里。于是,矗立在希腊北方色萨利 和马其顿之间的那座雄壮巍峨、高耸入云 的奥林匹斯山(Olympus)的山颠,就成
了 主神宙斯同众神欢聚的天堂。
(二)
希腊神话故事在诞生几千年后,仍然只 是民间口头文学。在荷马的史诗和赫希俄 得(Hesiod)的作品中,都提到吟游诗人 在民间咏唱神话故事,这是有关神话故事 的最早的文字记载。 荷马史诗: 《伊利亚特》(Illiad) 《奥得赛》(Odyssey)
赫西奥德:希腊诗人。归于他写的主要史诗有关于古 代农耕生活的有价值的叙述工作与时日 ,和关于众 神及世界的起源的描述 神谱 back
• Greek • Aphrodite
Love • Ares • Artemis
Zeus • Athena • Demeter
Harvest • Erinyes
Walker
❖ 世俗气味。原为古意大利一女神的朱诺 (Juno),同希腊女神赫拉合成一体, 成为朱庇特的妻子,秀丽端庄之外又平 添里一种峨眉善妒的品质。密涅瓦 (Minerva)原来既非智慧女神,又非朱 庇特之女,然而经过希腊工匠们的艺术 加工后,这位意大利工艺女神却变得同 雅典娜相貌雷同起来。
❖ 此外,天灾人祸,也使无所适从的 罗马人有神必求,有仙必拜。公元前五 世纪末一次大饥荒年间,罗马人求救于
I am Hephaestus, a son of Zeus and Hera. I am the god of fire and craftsmen. My father threw me down to earth and from then on my legs have been very weak. I
I am the goddess of love and beauty. I was born from the ocean as I rose out of the water on a cushion of foam. My symbols are roses, doves, sparrows, dolphins, and rams. My son is Eros, better known as Cupid.
这种精灵称为“神”。 神开辟天地,主宰宇宙万物;自然界
各种变化,都是神的意志。在古希腊人的 想象中,神的相貌秉性,思想感情以及举 止言谈,都同他们自己大体相似。于是, 自然的力量,自然界的现象,都被他们赋 予了一定的人格和一定的形象。仰望给世 界带来生命和光明的太阳,他们的头脑里 就摹画出一幅年轻英俊的太阳神的想象;
❖ 希腊的五谷女神得米特(Demeter),随 着时间的流逝,逐渐把她同当地的色列 斯(Ceres)联接为一体。
❖
这样,两个民族,两种的文化的交
往日深,两种宗教系统渐渐糅为一体。
罗马人朴素的有灵无形的信仰,逐步过
渡到人神同形同性的希腊神话体系。罗
马神话当中本地成分和外来成分相互补
充,相互衬托,又经过罗马诗人和艺术 家代代加工,终于成为一个有机整体。 希腊神话故事的丰硕果实被移到罗马神 话故事的树干上了。
望见夜空高悬的明月,想象中就浮现出一
位婀娜多姿、娇柔秀丽的月亮女神。滋润 万物生长的大地,被他们尊为“地母”;
执
掌珍花瑶草的百草仙子,被他们视为地母
的女儿和助手。万顷波涛,有海神坐镇; 阴森地府,是冥王主持。有挑动干戈的
“战 神”,有播种爱情的“爱神”。狂啸的北
风被
他们称为玻里亚斯(Boreas);轻秀的南 风被他们称为泽弗洛斯(Zehhyrus),众神
Hesiod
Greek poet. The major epics ascribed to him are Works and Days, a valuable account of ancient rural life, and Theogony, a description of the gods and the beginning of the world.
(三)
就宗教而言,罗马人最初的信仰是朴素 的,例如部落主神的象征是光和闪电,他们 称之为朱庇特,他们的神仙多是有灵无形的。
古罗马人是一个开朗放达的民族,对于 外来的信仰,只要无害于他们的生存,无损 于他们自己的神袛,就一律采取宽容态度。
❖ 在相当长的时期内,统治罗马的爱 脱拉斯康国王们,雇佣大批希腊和爱脱 拉斯康的工匠和艺术家,来装饰他们新 建起的寺庙和殿堂。由于这些艺术家是 以希腊神话为蓝本进行绘画和雕塑的, 结果罗马和希腊两种神谱当中相似的神 仙在艺术再现中融合为一了。于是,原 来据说隐身在光和闪电中的朱庇特,变 成了一位面色红棕,满腮胡须,外表酷 似宙斯的天神,这位原来神圣尊贵的罗 马主神身上,突然散发出了希腊主神的
Charities May They
• Hades
Pluto God of the
Underworld
• Hephaestus Vulcan God of the Smith
• Hera
Juno
The Most Beautiful Olympian
• Heracles Hercules The Ultimate Hero • Hermes Mercury Messenger of the
am gifted with very skillful hands. I do my work
in smiths at the bottom of volcanoes--that is why there are sparks and fire from some mountain tops.
My wife is the most beautiful Aphrodite.
I am Athene, born from my father Zeus’ head. My brother is the god of war. I am the goddess of wisdom and war, but I am a just goddess. The spirit of victory, Nike, is always at my side. The olive tree is a gift from me to the Athenians. The people of Athens are special to me and they built me this temple.
I am Demeter, goddess of plants and mother of Persephone. I let all of the plants die when my sweet daughter was kidnapped by that horrible Hades. Every year winter comes to earth because of my sadness that my Persophone must return to Hades.
lightening bolt,
and the oak tree. Beware of my wrath!
I am Hera, the beautiful wife and sister of Zeus. Young women, I may protect you but stay away from Zeus. I am a very jealous goddess and get very angry when Zeus has affairs. I am also the protectoress of marriage and family. The peacock is my favorite because it is a very proud bird and I, Hera, am a very proud goddess.
Roman Venus
Goddess of
Mars Diana
God of War Daughter of
Minerva The Spoiler
Ceres
Goddess of the
Furiae
The Mist
• Greek
Roman
• Eros Love
Cupid
Archer of
• Graces Bless You
This is the information I will share with you, I Ares am the god of war! I have a very short temper and am very violent! Aphrodite loves me. A planet is named after me (火星). There is a hill called Aeropagus in Athens, Greece named after me. The Court of Justice is located there. Do not bother me any longer!