艺术批评的四个要素和四个环节

艺术批评的四个环节
艺术批评中的四个Leabharlann Baidu素
• • • • • 一、社会 二、创作主体 三、艺术作品 四、接受者 艺术批评必须围绕以上几个因素展开。
• 一、社会 • 一切艺术作品都是产生于特定的社会环境， 并且和特定社会背景紧密联系。例如《梁 山伯与祝英台》。唐诗及宋词，西方中世 纪以及文艺复兴时期的艺术品。 • 艺术创作不仅和社会相关，同时也和这一 社会的历史状况相关。
• 3. Interpretation- What is happening? This is more than storytelling. As in literature, you need to interpret and generalize from data given. You need to find the metaphor or allegory in the work. What is the artist trying to communicate? Use your intelligence, imagination and courage to explain and tell the meaning of the work. This is based on the facts you have observed and your own life experiences. You can express your feelings, but they must be backed up by the observations you have made about the work.
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2. Analysis- How is the work organized? Look for and talk about the elements and principles of art and design that seems to dominate the work. Look at how the artist has used The Elements of Art • Lines- real and implied, curved and straight, direction of movement • Shapes, Space, Forms- Are the shapes geometric or free-form? Where is the horizon? Where is your point of view as the viewer? (Above, below, in the work, or outside) • Colors- Warm, cool, bright, dull, soft, bold, etc. • Value- light: reflecting much light; dark: absorbing much light. • Texture-Both the medium and the objects portrayed: rough, smooth, shinny, dull Look at The Principles of Design • Rhythm- Are there repeats of elements or images? • Movement- Is there an illusion of action? How does the eye move around the work? • Balance- Formal or Symmetrical, informal or asymmetrical • Proportion- The size relationships between one part to the whole or one part to another part • Variety- Visual difference and contrast within the work • Emphasis- What part is dominant, and what part is subordinate? • Unity- Does the work hold together?
• 四、接受者 • 艺术品的实现有待于接受和解读。蒙拉里 莎的解读。 • 接受是艺术品的最终归宿。对于陶渊明、 董源的接受。对于梵高以及塞尚的接受。 等等。接受与传播方式的变化。
• 1. Description- What do I see? Study the work in detail carefully. Describe the work in full detail. Be factual. Mention everything you see.
• 二、艺术家 • 艺术家是特定社会的产物，在一定程度上被社会 塑造和约束的。中国出不了梵高，也出不了毕加 索。同样，西方社会难以出现王维、苏轼。 • 在同一文化传统与社会背景中，艺术家的共性和 个性并存。梵高和塞尚。达芬奇和拉斐尔。礼拜 与杜甫。李清照和陆游 • 对社会文化认同与反叛。 • 社会背景所导致的特定价值取向和心理状态。
• 4. Judgment- What do I think of the work? Does the work hold together visually? Does it communicate with the viewer? Judge whether the work succeeds or fails. You give your opinion backed by the three steps above. To make a judgment, you need to be honest with yourself. You need to know why you feel the way you do.
• 三、艺术作品 • 艺术作品是艺术批评的分析重点。艺术家的所有 创意以及思想都有待于通过艺术作品体现和传达 出来。脱离艺术作品就无法进行艺术批评实践。 • 其中，艺术作品的形式是艺术作品分析重点。有 的艺术作品中无明显模仿和再现痕迹。卡夫卡、 康定斯基。中国文人山水画。等等。 • 以前曾风行并且现在任然被广泛运用的形式主义、 结构主义、符号学批评等等。