国家游泳中心“水立方”暖通空调设计亮点介绍
毛红卫
国家注册工程师，副总工程师, ASHRAE 会员
中建国际设计顾问有限公司(CCDI)
2008.11.14
内容Contents
1 创新的ETFE 幕墙建筑热工设计
2 高效节能的暖通空调系统
3 泳池防结露设计
4 暖通空调系统在“快速泳池”中的贡献
Example in Green Building Design:National Olympic Swimming Center 项目地点：北京市景观路
总建筑面积：87283㎡
层数：地上赛时3层、赛后5层，地下2层
设计/竣工：2003年/2006年
建筑设计合作公司：PTW Architects
工程合作公司：Ove Arup PYD
Project location：Jingguan Road, Beijing
Building Area:87283㎡
Level: On ground 3 floors during the Games, 5 floors after the Games,
2 underground floors
Design/Completion：2003/2006
Architectural Partner：PTW Architects
Engineering Partner：Ove Arup PYD
1 创新的ETFE 幕墙建筑热工设计
外墙材料ETFE
Facade Material ETFE
简介Brief
立面的双层皮结构由一系列小的单元组成，每个单元的外面都覆盖着一层薄膜-双层聚四氟乙烯（ETFE）。
The facade system is comprised of a series of paneled units that are mounted as internal and external skins.
A series of Ethylene Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (ETFE) bubbles.
材料性能Material Performance
1.阻燃材料，熔点为275摄氏度
2.优秀的隔热保温性能
3.良好的自洁性
4.轻质，每层仅0.2MM厚
5.良好透光性能
6.正常使用寿命30年。
1.Self-extinguishing quality，Melt
temperature 275o C
2.Excellent thermal insulation
3.Self-cleaning surface
4.Light weight, average thickness is 0.2MM
5.Good light permeability
6.Design life 30 years
The building physics concept is to develop a lightweight insulated façade that acts in principle as a greenhouse as swimming pools are predominantly heating driven in cold area.
The translucent triple skin bubble façade acts like a green house to trap the power of the sun thus providing passive heating to the pool and surrounding areas.
建筑热工设计策略Thermal Design Strategy
宗旨:设计一个轻质保温的阳光房，因为对于寒冷地区游泳池类型的建筑物来说，热需求是主要的。ETFE
气枕实现了被动太阳能加热的目的。
key thermal characteristics of the ETFE bubble façade
U-values of Roof
0.68 w/m 2.K U-values of Wall 0.88 w/m 2.K
可变遮阳系数的围护结构
Seasonally Variable Shading Design
•冬季平均遮阳系数为0.4，
–SC= 0.4 in winter
•夏季为0.2。
–SC = 0.2 in summer •Measures：
•1、空腔内进行通
–Ventilated Cavity
•2、不同朝向的ETFE外墙采用不同密度的图案。
–patterning the various layers of
the facade with translucent
painted ‘frit’.
通过调整薄膜上的镀点密度，获得
0.13～0.59不等的遮阳系数，使之实现
建筑设计所需满足的热工性能。
自然光研究Daylight Study
•传热系数、透光率、遮阳系数决定了气枕ETFE层数及镀点密度
The number of ETFE layers and the density of frits painted on ETFE are designed
differently to optimize the heat-transfer
coefficient, light transmittance, and shading coefficient of the facade.
•Frits painted on ETFE：
Diameter = 16mm，Density = 10%、
20%、30%、50% and 65%。
Daylight Illumination of the
Olympic Pool Hall Visualisation of the Olympic Pool Hall, Daylight Only
