特殊方法测电阻专题
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特殊方法测电阻专题
班别________________ 姓名__________________
实验原理:_______________
一、基本方法:伏安法
1、测定值电阻的阻值:
注意点:(1)连接电路时,开关应_________,滑片移到
__________________;
(2)滑动变阻器的作用:①_____________;②______________________________。(3)电路故障分析:“电流表无示数电压表示数约为电源电压”_____________;“电流表示数较大且移动滑片时电压表示数为0”______________;“电路中各元件完好,闭合开关时电流表指针几乎不偏转,电压表指针偏转正常”的原因_________________________。(4)电压表与电流表的接法及读数;
(5)多次测量的目的:_____________________________。
2、测小灯泡的电阻:
注意点:(1)电路各元件完好,电流表电压表读数正常,但闭合开关时灯泡不亮的原因是________________________________;
(2)测出的灯泡电压______取平均值,原因是________________________________。二、安阻法
方法:定值电阻、电流表作用相当于电压表
1、步骤:(1)_________________________________________;
(2)______________________________________________;
写出表达式:R X= ______________
2、步骤:(1)_________________________________________;
(2)______________________________________________;
写出表达式:R X= ______________
R 0R X
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S 2S 13、步骤:(1)_________________________________________; (2)______________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
4、步骤:(1)_________________________________________; (2)______________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
5、步骤:(1)_________________________________________; (2)______________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
三、伏阻法:
方法:定值电阻、电压表作用相当于电流表
1、步骤:(1)_________________________________________; (2)______________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
2、步骤:(1)_________________________________________; (2)______________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
3、步骤:(1)_________________________________________; (2)______________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
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R 0R X V
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4、步骤:(1)_________________________________________; (2)______________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
方法小结:0
X U R I →=→电流表和R 电压表和R
三、电表与滑动变阻器组合
1、步骤:(1)___________________________________________ _________________;
(2)___________________________________________________ _______________;
写出表达式:R X = ______________
2、步骤:(1)___________________________________________ ________________;
(2)___________________________________________________ ________________;
写出表达式:R X = ______________
3、步骤:(1)___________________________________________; (2)___________________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
4、步骤:(1)___________________________________________; (2)___________________________________________________; 写出表达式:R X = ______________
方法小结:利用电源电压U 和定值电阻列方程,然后公式变形求出R X 。