初中英语名词复数及形容词比较等级不规则变化
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初中英语名词复数及形容词比较等级不规则变化
1.以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数
①加-s,如: belief-beliefs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
②去f,fe加-ves:half-halves,knife-knives,leaf-leaves,life-lives,wolf-wolves,thief-thieves self-selves,wife-wives,shelf-shelves。歌诀记忆:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄;妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮;架(shelf)后窜出一
匹狼(wolf);就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)亡。
2.以-o结尾的名词,变复数
①加s:photo-photos,piano-pianos,radio-radios,zoo-zoos,kilo-kilos。
②加es,如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,Negro-Negroes hero-heroes。歌诀记忆:黑人(Negro)和英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和马铃薯(potato)。除了这四个以-o结尾的名词加-es外,其余的以-o结尾的名词加-s。
3.表示“国家”的名词变复数
Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,German-Germans, Russian-Russians,Indian-Indians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans。歌诀记忆:中(Chinese)日(Japanese)不变,英(Englishman)法(Frenchman)变,其余后面(如German等)加s。
4.以复数形式出现的名词
scissors剪刀 goods货物 trousers/pants/shorts裤子 clothes衣服glasses眼镜
5.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词
①maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
②news是不可数名词。
③the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。
6.由man和woman构成的合成名词,两个构成部分都要变成复数:
man worker-men workers(男工人)woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)
7.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es:baby-babies,city-cities story-stories,party-parties lady-ladies,diary-diaries army-armies,century-centuries copy-copies。
8.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es:class-classes,box-boxes watch-watches,
speech-speeches,bus-buses,brush-brushes bench-benches,beach-beaches,
boss-bosses,church-churches。
9.其他不规则变化
child-children,deer-deer,fisherman- fishermen,fish-fish,foot-feet,goose-geese,man-men,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,tooth-teeth,woman-women。歌诀记忆:男人(man)?女人(woman)?a变e,鹅(goose)?足(foot)?牙(tooth)?oo变ee。孩子(child)加上ren,鱼(fish)?鹿(deer)绵羊(sheep)不用变。
[注]fish指鱼的种类时,要加上-es构成其复数;当指鱼的条数时,单复数同形;指鱼
肉时,为不可数名词。
IV.不规则形容词副词原级比较级最高级
bad (坏的) worse worst
badly (恶劣地) worse worst
far (远) farther farthest further furthest good (好) better best
ill (病的) worse worst
late (晚) later latest
little (小,少) less least
many (许多) more most
much (许多) more most
old (老,旧) older oldest elder eldest
well (好) better best