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VERB (VI) MOOD
10.1“Mood” is the form of the verb which shows the speaker’s attitude towards the relation between the action (or state) expressed by the predicate verb and the objective reality. [语气是一种动词形式，用来表示讲话人对谓语动词所表示的动作（或状态）与客观实际之间的关系的态度。]
There are three moods: the indicative mood, the imperative mood and the subjunctive mood.
10.2 The indicative mood (fact-mood事实语气) shows that the speaker considers the action or state denoted by the predicate as an actual fact. It is used in statements (both affirmative or negative) of facts, in questions of facts and in exclamations of facts, e.g.
The forces of the third world are growing from day to day. (affirmative statement)
She didn’t help me with my work. (negative statement)
Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday? (question)
How hot it is today! (exclamation)
10.3 The imperative mood (will-mood意志语气) conveys the speaker’s will to urge the person addressed to fulfil an action. This may be expressed in the form of a command, a request, a warning, etc.
1) It has only one simple form (i.e. the plain root form of the verb) for the second person singular or plural, e.g.
Give him what help you can.
Do not make the same mistake again.
The subject of an imperative is seldom expressed unless it is emphatic. If it is emphatic, the subject is placed before the verb in the usual place of the subject, e.g.
You be more careful. (Lawrence)
“Don’t you lose a minute.”(Conrad)
With the first and the third person it is preceded by “let” (or “have”) and an accusative, e.g.
Let me see. (让我想一想，让我看一看。)
Let us help you. (让我们帮助你吧。)
Let’s go. (The second person is included in “us”, which is shortened to ‘s.) (咱们走吧。)
2) The imperative mood may be used to express a condition in a compound sentence, e.g.
Make haste and you will accomplish the work on time. (If you make haste, you will accomplish the work on time.)
3) The emphatic imperative is formed with the help of the auxiliary verb “do”, e.g.
Do work harder.
Do be silent.
4) “Will you?” is often added to the imperative, e.g.
Bring me that dictionary, will you?
5) “Shall we?” is often added to such an imperative sentence as follows:
Let’s go, shall we?
10.4 The subjunctive mood (thought-mood想象语气) doesn’t refer to facts but the speaker’s thought. It expresses wishes, suggestions, supposition, etc., e.g.
I wish I could see him immediately. ---wish (the fact is that I can’t see him immediately.)
He suggests that the regulations [should] be revised at once. ---- suggestion (Whether the regulations will be revised at once is uncertain though he suggest that they should.) If I had had time last week, I should have come to see you. -----supposition.
