高考英语 二轮复习 并列句与状语从句

知识网络
[注意](1)so 不能与 because 连用。
。 (2)but，while 不与 although 连用，但 yet，still 可与 although 连用
知识梳理
一、并列句 (一)并列句的4种类型 1．表并列、递进或顺承关系：and, both ... and ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... The earth is one of the sun’s planets, and the moon is our satellite. 地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月亮是地球的卫星。
home every evening. 据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。
4．表示“一……就……，刚……就……”的常用 表达
(1)表示“一……就……”的表达
as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment,
the minute, the instant The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was
2．and与or/otherwise用于并列句
•祈使句＋and＋陈述句(and表示顺承关系)
•祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)
①Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
考题导引
While / Though / Although
3．(2016江苏)________ some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. 解析： 此处是让步状语从句,用While / Though / Although引导。
听到了呼救声。 ②She had just finished her homework when her mother
asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 昨天她刚完成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习钢琴。
①One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend
When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.当你 申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关 证书。
“当……时候”，一般只可与延续性 Mary made coffee while her guests
while 动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时 were finishing their meal.客人们就
I have returned home twice since I settled down in the
States. 自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。
They have been living very happily since they got married. 自从结婚后他们一直生活得很幸福。
设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐 意向你敞开心扉。
②Hurry up, or/otherwise you will be late for class. 快点儿，否则你们上课就迟到了。
二、状语从句 (一)时间状语从句 1．when, while和as的用法
连词
含义及用法
例句
when
“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或 短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生 在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作 同时发生
发生
要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。
“一边……一边……”，常与延续性 As he grew older, he became less
as 动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时 active.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不
或几乎同时发生
那么活泼了。
名师指津： 如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动 词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as可互换使用。 When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came
Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next
Tuesday? 这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？ (2)not ... until ... 表示“直到……才”，主句谓语动词必须
是非延续性动词。 As far as I know, his mother won’t go to bed until he returns
(二)条件状语从句 1．条件状语从句的常见引导词 if, unless (＝if ... not), so/as long as (只要), on condition that (条件是), if only (＝if), provided that (如果), in case (万一，如 果), suppose/supposing that (假设，如果), assuming that等均可 引导条件状语从句。 ①We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it’s very cold.
首) He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight
was beginning to fail. 由于他视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。
(二)并列句的2大句式
1．when “就在这时，突然”，常用以下句式
•sb. be about to do/on the point of doing sth. when ... 某人正要做某事，突然……
housework. __s_o_改___为__b_u_t____
解析： 此处表示转折,用并列连词but。
2.(2016天津)___ population increases, there are
more and more old people to care for. 解析： 这里是as引导时间状语从句。
across an old friend. 我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
2．before与since的用法 (1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……； 还没来得及……就……”。常用于以下句型：
•It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 多久之后才……
•It won’t be long before ...
As is reported, it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua
University was founded. 据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。
3．till, until和not ...until ...的用法 (1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”， 此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两 个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
is warm. 北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。
3．表选择关系：or, otherwise, or else, either ... or ..., not ... but ...
Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the
cinema. 现在你可以休息，也可以去看电影。 4．表因果关系：so, for (表“由于”，一般不放在句
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students
started cheering. ＝ No sooner had he finished his speech than the students
started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
2．表转折、对比关系：but, yet, while ①The problem was a little hard, yet I was able to work it
out. 这道题有点难，然而我却把它做出来了。 ②The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming
②since引导的从句的谓语若是持续性动词，常理解为某一状 态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。
He has written to me frequently since he was ill. 自从病好以来，他经常给我来信。
He has written to me frequently since he went abroad. 他自出国以来，经常给我写信。 ③since表示“自从……以来”，常用于“It is/has been＋时间 段＋since从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)……已经多长 时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在 完成时。
并列句与状语从句
考纲解读
根据考纲要求,考生应做到: 1.掌握并列句中表并列、递进、选择、转折和因果关系的 连词; 2.掌握状语从句,尤其是时间、让步、条件和地点状语从句; 3. 熟记常用的并列连词和引导各种状语从句的连词的基本 和特殊用法； 4. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定合适的连词；
考题导引
1.(2016四川改错)Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the
不久之后就……
•It was＋一段时间＋before ... 过了多久才……
John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his
new job. 约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。
(2)since的用法 ①since表示“自从……”，其引导的从句在句中作状 语时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；从句常用 一般过去时。
coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
(2)表示“刚……就……”的表达 no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...的时态搭配： no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时， 而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外， 当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
away when my daughter heard cries for help. 当我们周五在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然
听到了呼救声。 ②She had just finished her homework when her mother
asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. 昨天她刚完成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习钢琴。
•sb. be doing sth. when ... 某人正在做某事，突然…… •sb. had done sth. when ... 某人刚做完某事，突然……
①One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend
away when my daughter heard cries for help. 当我们周五在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然
4．(2015重庆)If you miss this chance, it may be years __b__e_fo__re____you get
another one. 解析： It may be+时间段+before...表示“可能要多久才会……”。
5. (2015浙江)Just_____a_s____ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. 解析 根据语境可知,这里是as引导方式状语从句,as意为 “正如”。