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借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
1>.The kettle boils.水开了.
2>.The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please.请听我说.
例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人.
2>.He is theNewtonof this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）
2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to
answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3.Metonymy借喻,转喻
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉
写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与
例如:
1>.No one can be perfectly free百度文库till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly
happy till all are happy.
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）
7.Hyperbole夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
race, to answer for them separately.
9.Euphemism委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary.他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.他与妻子关系不融洽.
3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.（去世）
10.Allegory讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.Parallelism排比,平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.Synecdoche提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
1.Simile明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的
半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到
百合花）
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）
品尝Mozart的音乐.
6.Personification拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如:
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）
