第七章 英汉语篇的衔接与翻译

英语中的人称照应、指示照应在汉语语篇 中经常为词汇衔接 Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credits. They are issued by retail stores, banks, credit card companies to approved clients. The bank or credit card company settles the client’s bill, invoicing him monthly and charging interest on any outstanding debts. Their profit comes from the high rate of interest charged, the card-holder’s subscriptions, and the fees paid by some organizations that accept cards.
Most of those who have watched enviously from the sidelines sense that gravity will assert itself sooner of later. Many of the online gamblers who have earned a fortune in paper profits betting their savings on shares in Yahoo. Amazon and the rest will never get their money out. For the very features that have led to a near-vertical climb of internet share prices also favor its precipitous collapse.
大多数曾嫉妒的旁观者观察到，重力迟早 是要发挥作用的。许多把赌注放在雅虎、 亚马逊和其他网络股上并曾赢得账面利润 的投机者将来肯定无法把钱从股市里拿出。 因为那些使网络股股价直线上升的原因同 样也是导致网络股股价暴跌的因素。
二、衔接手段
1. 2. 3. 4. Reference 照应 Ellipsis and Substitute 省略和替代 Conjunction 连接词语 Lexical cohesion 词汇衔接
（一）照应
照应指的是语篇中一个成分作为另一个成 分的参照点。其作用是在代词和上下文中 的名次之间建立起语意联系，从而为读者 提供一种连贯的构架。
明确照应对象，准确体现照应对象 In addition English is the language of commerce and the second language of many countries which formerly had French or German in that position. 此外，英语还是贸易语言，并取代了原来 法语和德语的位臵而成为许多国家的第二 语言。
替代 1、名词性替代。这种衔接手法可以替代一个名词或 者词组。最常见的英语替代词为one，所替代的经 常是单数可数名词。 This is the year, they predict, that Web-enabled phones will take off, both here and in Europe. If you don’t already have one, you’ll probably find one under the Christmas tree. 他们预言：今年将是可上网手机在欧洲和这里流 行的一年。如果你现在还没有，今年的圣诞节将 会在圣诞树下发现一部作为礼物的可上网手机。
衔接手段的功能 In the last 20 years or so, some underdeveloped countries have increased their food production. Their populations, (however,) have at the same time grown faster. (And so) The standard of living hasn’t improved. (What’s more) The increase in food production has been achieved at the expense of using up marginal lands. (As a result,) There has been no gain in the productivity of land labor.
Historical evidence shows evel off as countries move into the industrial age. 历史证据表明，一些国家进入工业化阶段 以后，人口出生率和死亡率便会拉平。
2. 动词性省略 He wants the maximum responsibility and …the maximum reward; he does not mind the risk. 他想要承担最大的责任，获得最大的报酬， 他不在乎风险。 Must I report it to the manager? Yes, you must. 我必须把这事向经理汇报吗？ 是的。
3. 分句性省略 分句性省略指的是整个分句被省略，也常 见于对话中。 A：But I don’t see this as a major problem. I think it’s something you can handle. B: ok. And what else…? How about finding schools? A: 但我认为这不是主要的问题。我想这是 你可以解决的问题。 B：好吧。那么还有什么其他问题。我学校 的问题怎么样了？
第七章 英汉语篇的衔接与翻译
一、语篇的衔接
语篇的衔接(cohesion)与连贯(coherence)是 语篇分析中一对相辅相成的概念。从语篇 生成的过程来看，都是组成语篇必不可少 的条件，都是语篇的重要特征。 衔接是将语句聚合在一起的语法及词汇手 段的统称，是语篇表层的可见语言现象。 通常语篇在其语言层次的成分都表现出一 定程度的衔接，以帮助语篇更好地实现意 思的连贯。
信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商 品、获得服务。信用卡经零售商店、银行 和信用卡公司发给经过认可的客户。银行 或信用卡公司结清客户的帐单，按月给客 户开列其消费清单，收取前款的利息。这 些金融机构的利润来自所收取的高额利息、 持卡人支付的认购费以及接受信用卡消费 的单位缴纳的代理费。
英语的人称照应、指示照应在汉语语篇中 有时不译 It will be appreciated that you give your reply as soon as possible. 请尽快回复，不胜感激。
（三）连接
连接是指语篇中句与句之间的逻辑关系。 连接词本身就是具有明确含义的词语，通 过这类连接性词语，人们可以了解句子之 间的语意联系。 All the figures were correct, they had been checked. Yet the total came out wrong. 所有的数据都是对的，这些数据都经过检 查，然而总数却不对。 yet一词清晰地体现了原文两个句子之间的 转折关系，译成汉语用“然而……却”表 达同一概念。
国民购买习惯正悄悄的发生变革吗？我们 是否逐渐让越来越多优秀的打公司来满足 我们的日常需求？连锁超市当然希望是这 样的。
The truth of course is that you have to pay a professional to do it for you. This should be looked at as another investment: you have to spend money in short term to save money in the long term. 事实上你当然得找个专业人士来为你做这 件事（理财）。你要把这看成另一项投资： 你必须短期内花钱，以获取长期收益。
3、分句性替代 分句性替代指的是用一个形式词 （如 so, this, that等）来替代整个或者分句的大部分。 Is a quiet revolution under way in the nations shopping habits? Are we gradually allowing an increasingly select number of large companies to take care of all our basic requirements? The supermarket chains certainly hope so.
Under all the measures of industrial promise, a key one must be investment in upgrading plant, machinery and skills. 在所有的工业振兴措施中，一项重要的措 施应该是投资于更新厂房、机器设备和提 高技能。
2、动词性替代 这种替代方式是指用一个助动词（如 to do等）或 者情态动词来替代动词谓语的衔接手段。 Venture capitalists generally do not run companies; managements do. Thus, the success of any venture capital investment is dependent, in large part, on the strength of the related management team. 风险资本家一般不管理公司，是管理人员来管理 公司。因而，任何风险资本投资要取得成功，在 很大程度上都有赖于相关管理班子的实力。
Now some observers say that supermarket chains risk damaging their brands by moving into a sector which they have no experience of. How do you react to that? 如今有些观察家说，超市连锁正冒着所害 自己品牌的风险涉足毫无经验的领域，你 是如何看待这种观点的？
指示照应构成时空概念 According to an Asian woman’s website poll, more than half of the respondents suggested that the new economy dress code should be comfortable. Even employers agree with that. 根据亚洲一女性网站的调查，半数以上的 调查对象认为新经济时代的着装标准应以 舒适为主。即使公司方面也同意这一观点。
（二）省略和替代
省略可以分为：动词性省略、名词性省略 合分句性省略。 1. 名词性省略 In future trade, the key development to watch is the relationship between the industrial…and the developing nations. 在将来的贸易中，一个要注意观察的重要 趋势是工业化国家与发展中国家之间的关 系。