【专项训练】高中英语--概要写作技能训练(含答案)

概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers know how difficult the adolescent years can be. Adolescents have always been known to do wild — even dangerous — thing. Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses (冲动)with the need to follow rules. However, a brain that is still developing does this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways. Fortunately, the news isn’t all negative. As brain scientist B．J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people. It, therefore, connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make them more successful in life._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Your child’s brain on math: Don’t bother?Parents whose children are struggling with math often view intense tutoring as the best way to help them master crucial skills, but a new study released on Monday suggests that for some kids even that is a lost cause.According to the research, the size of one key brain structure and the connections between it and other regions can help identify the 8- and 9-year olds who will hardly benefit from one-on-one math instruction.“We could predict how much a child learned from the tutoring based on measures of brain structure and connectivity,” said Vinod Menon, a professor at Stanford University School of Medicine, who led the research.The study, published in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is the first to use brain imaging to look for a connection between brain attributes and the ability to learn arithmetic. But despite its publication in a well-respected journal, the research immediately drew criticism.Jonathan Moreno, professor of medical ethics at the University of Pennsylvania, fears that some parents and teachers might “give up now” on a math-challenged child. “If it gets into the popular consciousness that it’s wise to have your kid’s brain checked out.” before making decisions about academic options, he said, “that raises huge issues.”Menon and his fellow scientists agree that their research shouldn’t lead to conclusions immediately. They are exploring whether any interventions might change the brain in such a way that children who struggle with math can benefit more from tutoring.Just as learning to juggle increases the amount of gray matter in the area of adult brains that is responsible for spatial attention, said Menon, maybe something could pump up regions relevantto learning arithmetic before a child begins math tutoring.Until then, he said “it’s possible” that parents will interpret the new study as saying some kids cannot benefit from math tutoring, “and give up before even trying. How this plays out is far from clear.”_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible.Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more states have legalized gambling in order to raise income. Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries(博彩)and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining state parks, and developing environmental programs.Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning, and entertainment over savings.In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gamblingindustry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.How We Find Our DirectionPsychologists have found that there are two main ways that successful travelers use to navigate (确定位置) their environment.The first is to follow a fixed route from here to there. Cognitive (认知的) psychologist Barbara Tver sky describes route navigation as a series of paths and choice points that is basically selfcentered: it is constructed for the purpose of reaching one particular goal from a fixed starting point, and the entire journey is explained from the point of view of the traveler.The second navigational strategy involves a bird’s-eye view — a map of the general area. Maps are overviews, “surveys of a space of possibilities,”that lay out a variety of possible paths. Maps almost always rely on cardinal directions (基本方位), usually east-west and north-south, that anchor them to a larger space. When we use a map to get somewhere, it is up to us to figure out the most proper route, or the alternatives, for ourselves.So how does this work out in the real world? In her 2019 book, Mind in Motion, Tversky acknowledges that most of us do not carry a file drawer of maps in our heads. Instead, we use a combination of methods to get where we are going: part tum-by-tum directions, part bird’s-eye view, and part general map-like information(it’s somewhere near the center of town; we’ll be traveling toward Omaha; the mid-day sun is on our left, so we are still heading west) and helpful landmarks. For this reason, Tversky refers to our way finding plans not as “cognitive maps” but as “cognitive collages (拼贴画)”.But it is important to note that most navigational directions of moderate complexity dependin part on the ability to understand a map perspective. Sometimes maps just make for better directions, but they are essential if we make a mistake and have to figure out how to correct our course._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn’t worry.There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.After 50, it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly.The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow.Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’t remember even seeing it, that’s far more concerning.When you forget entire experiences, it’s a red flag that something more serious may be involved. Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.But even then, people shouldn’t panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants. Defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’s cognitive (认知的) reserve.Read books, go to movies, take up new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Nowadays, leaders the world over are busy mapping out blueprints for a new age with environmental protection high on their agenda. Sustainable development hits headlines almost every day. It is of utmost importance to restore the harmonious balance between man and nature, given the damage we’ve already done to it.First of all, we must realize that man and nature are interactive. To begin with, we derive everything from nature. Among other things, I’m sure you’ve all tasted natural produce that is otherwise known as green food. And you must have noticed that nearly all beautifying products boast of being natural creams, natural lotions or natural gels. For man, nature has an irresistible appeal.But on the other hand we must also realize that nature can be unruly. Nature is indeed like a riddle, some areas of which are beyond the reach of science and technology, at least in the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, the advancement of science and technology will still characterize the next millennium. The coming new age will provide many opportunities, but it will be likewise run of challenges. For instance, United Nations’ demographers predict that global population could soar from its current 5.9 billion to as many as 11.2 billion by 2050. This will worsen the current scarcity of natural resources caused by environmental degradation. More conflicts over this scarcity may occur with the ghost of nuclear wars always hiding in the background. To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. However, it is not enough only to ask what governments can do to achieve the harmony between man and nature. We must ask ourselves what we as individuals can do.Can we all be economical with food, water, electricity or other resources? Can we, or rather, some greedy ones among us, stop making rare plants and animals into delicious dishes? Can we stop using the unrecyclable style of lunch boxes? If not, one day they may bury us in an ocean ofwhite rubbish. After all, the earth is not a dustbin; it’s our common home._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Stressful situations are sometimes unavoidable. Each of us perceives challenges in our own way and reaction to them also varies. How stressful our life is depends not only on us. Other people influence it as well. And this is something we cannot change.What if we do not try to change others, but rather try and change our attitude to stress and tension that we often experience at work?Stretching releases muscle tension that accumulates in your back, shoulders, and neck during the day. Even when your day is extremely busy, do your best and set aside at least 5-10 minutes to do some exercise. There are plenty of exercises you can practise that do not require any special equipment: yoga, or simple squats — you can pick any kind of workout to your liking. Physical activity will boost your energy level and help you calm down. Working out is beneficial for both your body and mind.Herbs work miracles. Some of them, such as chamomile and peppermint, are a powerful tool helping to fight stress and anxiety. NASA scientists have recently carried out research into the effect of herbs and found out that peppermint scent decreases tiredness by 20% and reduces frustration by 25%, Make a smarter choice and, while at work, drink herbal tea instead of coffee.Once you find yourself in a different surroundings you will feel much better. If your office is situated in a busy city center, then you can spend your lunch break m a sidewalk cafe. Order your favorite drink and distract yourself by watching people go by. If your office is located in an environmentally clean place, for example, near a city park. You can then refresh yourself and relax a bit before you dive back into your working routine.Call someone who you know can understand and support you when you feel stressed. Astudy shows that communication with close people, such as your friends or parents, produces oxytocin in your body — the hormone that is needed to successfully fight tension and stress._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________4．Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.Fishy WeatherHave you ever heard someone say, “It’s raining cats and dogs”? It’s a figure of speech—no one has ever seen it truly rain cats and dogs. However, weird weather does happen. Fish, frogs, and even spiders have fallen from the sky during storms!Some places get a lot of weird weather. Yoro, a city in Honduras, is one such place. There, animals fall from the sky so often that kids learn about it in school. However, most people don’t believe it until they see it. When Miguel Espinoza moved to Yoro, he thought the stories were just legends. Then one afternoon, he saw a dark cloud in the sky. “I felt something hit my hat, and I saw a shiny flutter,” he said. “It was a fish!” Hundreds of silver fish fell like wriggling raindrops.Scientists can explain the raining fish. Storms with strong winds, such as waterspouts and tornadoes, can suck up water as they pass over rivers, lakes, or oceans. The winds will also suck up whatever is swimming in that water! These storms can then carry the animals for many miles. When the winds start to die down, they drop the water and animals.Fish are the most common animals carried by storms, but they aren’t the only ones. In 2005, thousands of tiny frogs rained down on a city in Serbia. Amazingly, frogs were still alive after they fell to the ground. And in 2007, a man named Christian Gaona was visiting northern Argentina when he experienced a very creepy rain. Dozens of spiders fell from the sky! Christian snapped some pictures of the raining spiders. Otherwise, his friends might never have believed his unusual story.Overall, animal rainstorms aren’t very common. In most years, fewer than ten animal storms are reported around the world. So don’t worry about fish bouncing off your umbrella. If they do,you’ll have your own story about very weird weather._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Major trends that may affect education systemsThe Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.One trend is the widening gap between rich and poor. In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This inequality is a challenge for schools who want to offer equal and fair access to education for everyone.Another trend is the rising wealth in Asia. It’s suggested that a large rise in themiddle-classes in countries like India will increase demand for university places. Andreas Schleicher asks the question “What values will these newly wealthy consumers want from their schools?”Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop good life for themselves. But that can be challenge, too, as Andreas Schleicher asks: “How should schools support pupils arriving from around the world? Will schools have a bigger role in teaching about shared values?”Funding pressure is another issue: as our demand and expectation for education rises and more people go to university, who’s going to pay for it all? The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be reproduced by machines? And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet?These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But they remain irrelevant forhundreds of millions of the world’s poorest children who don’t even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________6．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The World Should Welcome the Rise of the RobotsThe word “robot” was coined in 1020 by the Czech playwright Karel Capek, who imagined artificial, fully functional servants. For most of their history, however, robots have been dumb, inelegant mechanical devices sitting out of sight in factories.Things are starting to change, however. Robots have benefited from rapid innovations in smartphones, which brought cheap cameras and sensors, fast wireless communications and powerful, smaller computer chips. More recent advances in machine learning have added software to make robots better informed about their surroundings and equipped them to make wiser decisions. Robots are leaving carefully managed industrial settings for everyday life. In a pandemic-ravaged world, short of workers but with lots of elderly folk to look after, having more robots to boost productivity would be a good thing.And yet many people fear that robots will destroy jobs. A paper in 2013 by economists at Oxford University was widely misinterpreted as meaning that 47% of American jobs were at risk of being automated. In fact, concerns about mass unemployment are overblown. The evidence suggests robots will be disruptive but ultimately beneficial for labour markets. Japan and South Korea have the highest robot penetration but very strong work-forces. A Yale University study that looked at Japanese manufacturing between 1978 and 2017 found that an increase of one robot unit per 1,000 workers boosted a company’s employment by 2.2%. Research from the Bank of Korea found that robotization moved jobs away from manufacturing into other sectors, butthat there was no decrease in overall vacancies.Inevitably, some people will be on the losing end of change even as the robots make society as a whole better off. It may trigger a political backlash, because the losers feel left behind. That is one more reason why firms and governments would do well to recognize the value of retraining and lifelong learning. As jobs change, workers should be helped to acquire new skills.The potential gains from the robot revolution are huge. There is no reason to think the robots will revolt against their human masters and cause mass unemployment and worse._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 7．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What do We Know About “Mathephobia”Mathematician Mary de Lellis Gough, who often observed her struggling students fail to work out mathematical problems, coined the term ‘mathephobia’ in 1953. She described it as “a disease that proves fatal before its presence is detected”. Other experts have defined it as “the panic, helplessness and mental disorganization that arises among some people when they are required to solve a mathematical problem” and “a general fear of contact with mathematics”.Sian Beilock, a cognitive scientist and her colleagues of Barnard College in New York have shown that math anxiety can start as soon as we enter formal schooling. “Math is one of the first places in school in western cultures where we really learn about whether we got something right or wrong, and are exposed to being evaluated in timed tests.”Girls may be more prone to it than boys. Primary school teachers often have high levels of math anxiety, says Beilock, and in the US and elsewhere, they are mostly female. Since young children tend to identify with adults of the same gender, this means girls are more likely to pick up math anxiety from their female teachers. Having a female teacher with math anxiety makes girls more likely to believe gendered stereotypes about math, leading to poorer achievement.“Once you have it, it can be self-lasting. Worrying about it can make it worse.” says Beilock,whose study of children between the ages of five and eight suggests math anxiety might weaken performance by burdening working memory. “As our ability to focus limited, our attention gets divided when we do more than one task at a time.” she says. “If you’re worried about having to do math, you may have an internal monologue saying you can’t do this and at the same time you’re trying to calculate numbers.”When people have math anxiety, they tend to avoid the subject, as researchers from 2019 show. But since math builds on itself, avoiding it makes it harder to catch up. “Math is foundational. If you miss a certain idea, it’s harder to learn the next one.” says Darcy Hallett. “And then you can fall behind, which might make math more of a targeted anxiety compared to other topics.”_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Global CooperationIn the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries of human invention and innovation—global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So, increasingly, innovation is coming from the combining of cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) from different scientific fields.There are now over 8, 000 scientific journals worldwide and it is impossible to be an expert in all areas. Therefore, in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and engineers have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. But he hasn’t done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve. Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010,he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focusing on profit, he decided to ‘open-source’ the design. He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the internet, a boat capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, international cooperation based on sharing information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over. Global teams with a united purpose building on everyone’s expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today’s world calls for global cooperators, sharers, and not protectors of ideas._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________9．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To adjust you baby to the external world, educating him is your main assignment. How will you educate him? What role will he play in the world?According to Darwin’s theory of the evolution of the species, we are a competitive species and one survives by adapting itself biologically to various environments through various ways. Competition was useful for the progress of society and for the survival of human beings.Today, however, the challenges are different. There are environmental imbalance, deaths of thousands of children every day by starvation and countless diseases. Therefore, it is urgent that the philosophy of preparing our children for competition and power be replaced by one of preparing them for love and cooperation.The earth is a unique home to us all. We must educate our children so that they want to preserve nature and it can in return make them more powerful and capable in society. Ourchildren have to learn that we don’t need to practice actions that benefit only our homeland while all other countries are destroyed. The destruction of other countries and lives leads to the impossibility of the future existence of our home. We must teach our children that the main necessity of men and children is love. Love is good to ourselves, others and nature.But it is getting harder to love. We are not capable of demonstrating hate to a flower, grabbing it and throwing it at the floor and stepping on it. It sounds insane! But we are insensitive to the extent of seeing a homeless person on the ground and pretending it’s not our problem! Our strong idea of competition has led us to total insensibility!_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 10．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Changing Spring FestivalThe Spring Festival, as it is celebrated today, has undergone many changes, the country’s economic development and globalization.No Spring Festival is complete without food. People could not get good food with desired in earlier times, something that does not apply to society today. The best time celebrate was when food was available in plenty, and that was possible in spring, or the beginning of the Lunar New Year. That was the main reason why the Spring Festival acquired such great importance among Chinese people. But three decades of economic growth has ensured that people in China can enjoy a good meal whenever they want. People seem not to long for delicious food like before during the Spring Festival due to the change in people’s fortune.In the past, celebrations were limited to events like song-and-dance duets(二人转)in North China, dragon and lion dances in South China and fireworks. And economic development and urbanization seems to have ensured various forms of entertainment and communication. People can watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV or even on the cellphone.Many customs associated with the Spring Festival have changed, too. In the past, peopleused to visit relatives and friends with gifts and lots of good wishes. Today, many people, especially the youth, use their cell phones or the Internet to send their good wishes and even “gifts” to their relatives and friends. Some may say this is a sign that people have become less caring about their near and dear ones, but we can see this development as a time-andenergy-saving exercise granted by the information age._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________参考答案1．A possible version:People aged 50 and over tend to develop memory problems, because changes in brain cells have affected brain’s communication within, and that the narrowing of vessels reduces the blood flow. However, signs of memory loss do not necessarily lead to the condition itself. Anyway, tryingto think creatively and getting physically active help to keep your brain healthy effectively.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。

概要写作概要写作与语篇类型一、题型特点要求考生进行概要写作的阅读材料原文词数一般为300词左右。

文章体裁可以是记叙文、说明文或者议论文。

写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。

概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。

二、注意事项1. 词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。

2. 要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。

3. 人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。

4. 写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。

三、写作步骤第一步：仔细审题速读文章，确定文章的体裁和题材、人称和时态以及写作要求等。

第二步：细读全文阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：初写概要时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：初写成文后，要对概要进行润色升级，使用高级词汇和高级句式代替平庸词汇和一般句式，使之锦上添花。

第五步：复查定稿写好概要后，要从语法和语义角度进行通读。

对语法错误和语义不连贯处进行修改润色。

最后规范誊写在答题卷的指定位置。

A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________【例文】It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.【解析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。

高中英语概要写作练习题50题含答案解析1.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。

A man went on a trip. He visited many places and met many people. In the end, he returned home with wonderful memories.A. A man took a trip and had great memories.B. A man went on a business trip.C. A man visited only one place.D. A man didn't like his trip.答案解析：A。

文本主要讲述了一个男人去旅行，参观了很多地方，遇到了很多人，最后带着美好的回忆回家了。

选项B 中说男人是去出差，与文本不符；选项C 说男人只参观了一个地方，与原文“visited many places”不符；选项D 说男人不喜欢他的旅行，与原文“with wonderful memories”不符。

2.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。

A girl lost her dog. She looked everywhere for it. Finally, she found it in a park.A. A girl lost her cat.B. A girl found her dog in a park.C. A girl didn't look for her dog.D. A girl's dog ran away.答案解析：B。

文本讲述了一个女孩丢了她的狗，到处寻找，最后在公园找到了它。

选项A 说女孩丢了猫，与原文不符；选项C 说女孩没有寻找她的狗，与原文不符；选项D 说女孩的狗跑了，没有体现出女孩寻找狗和最后找到狗的过程。

3.阅读下面的记叙文文本，概括其主要内容。

概要写作1A recent study shows 85 per cent of people handed over their personal information to strangers.One in eight people admitted they would reply to an e­mail from somebody they didn't know，while some said they were comfortable handing out personal，security or bank details to a stranger.In real life，with a bit of temptation (诱惑) people seem even more likely to hand over important information.Posing as somebody working for a marketing agency called CAMS—a made­up name for fraud (欺骗) —a researcher handed out a questionnaire(问卷) and asked people to fill in it in order to win a ￡400 television.The survey asked questions about not only television preferences and holidays，but also personal information including address，date of birth，phone number and even bank account number.Shockingly,85 per cent of the people who agreed to fill in the questionnaire readily gave over their bank details just for the chance to win a TV.Paul Wilson said：“Every year thousands of people are targeted by fraudsters (诈骗犯)，and the number is increasing.Fraudsters operate by gathering pieces of information one bit at a time.By understanding how scammers (诈骗犯) operate and being watchful，we can protect ourselves from becoming victims.And remember，if something sounds too good to be true，itprobably is.”Karen Tyler said：“ Scams can come in many forms and our research stresses how widespread they are.It's worrying that so many people are unaware of what information a bank will and will not ask for—for example，a bank would never ask you to disclose your full security details.”[精彩范文]A recent study reveals that 85 per cent of people let out their personal details to strangers.(要点1 ) Tempted by some gifts，many people would give their personal information to fraudsters，including their bank account numbers.(要点2) Experts warn that scams often come in nice beautiful forms and every year the number of people who are cheated is on the rise.(要点3) People should be watchful and distinguish scammers from banks.(要点4)概要写作2It seems teenagers really are addicted to their phones.The average teen spends nearly 41 days of the year on their mobile—or two hours and 40minutes a day，research has discovered.The study of 1,500 parents with teenagers living at home found that youngsters from Liverpool clocked up the most time on their phones，with 48 days spent texting and browsing apps.Teens from Glasgow and Cardiff came third and second.London teens came bottom of the list with 37 days.Researchers said that mobile phones are “increasingly our portal to24­hour shopping，news and our chief mode of entertainment”．The research also found that 55 percent of parents often wonder how they survived without the Internet or a mobile phone as a teenager.Some 45 percent said it was easier being a teenager now than when they were young.Despite this 85 percent believe they had more freedom as a teenager.It follows a study earlier this year which found children can get stressed or start to panic when they are separated from their phones.Researchers conducted experiments on 87 smartphone owners aged between 18 and 26.The study states：“We are in the middle of a nascent digital culture，with children being born into the world of smart devices.This age group was chosen because they are considered to be ‘cellphone natives’．The results support that humans form attachment toward their mobile：they seek the proximity (接近) of the mobile and show stress response upon separation.”[精彩范文]It is found in a recent survey that teenagers in Britain spend about 41 days of the year on their mobile phones on average.(要点1) Mobiles are being widely used，especially by teens.(要点2)Researchers conducted a study earlier with 87 participantsaged between 18 and 26.According to the study，children appear to suffer from stress or even panic if they are not allowed to use mobile phones.(要点3 ) That's because they grow with mobiles.(要点4)概要写作3Most people today cannot imagine the world without computers，and especially the Internet.If such modern IT advantages disappear，the world will go back to the colonial(殖民的) times，in which information was not available to the public and the only knowledge that one was given was that received at school.In the world today，computers with different applications and the Internet have made absolutely all the information available nearly to everyone in the world.They have made everything easier，and often the decision to employ the use of a computer leads to time saving. People，like the freelancers(自由职业者)，can work comfortably at home and earn much more money than those who go to work on the daily routine.In addition to that，people are using computers to pay bills.In ancient times，people had to go physically to the payment bureau(付款处) to pay theirbills.Internet and credit card transactions(交易) can be used to pay bills instantly from the comfort of one's seat at home or office and what you need to do is just click the mouse.The computers have also controlled the world in so many ways that it is hard to imagine the world without them.The computer is becoming addictive to people.There are people，living all over the world，that can't just finish a day without sitting in front of the computer to either play games or listen tomusic.Children that once used to go to the playground spend most of the time indoors，either playing computer games or chatting with friends online.This is becoming more of a social concern than it is considered. This affects most children negatively because children that are used to playing violent video games that involve fighting，boxing，and shooting develop characteristics they see in such computer puters also expose children to developing bad behavior at a young age.Most parents fail to put adequate filters (过滤器) to deny their children access to pornographic (色情的) sites on the Internet.This negatively affects the social development of children.[精彩范文]As is known to us all，we are more and more dependent on computers and the Internet.(要点1) IT has been used in various fields and brings much convenience to our life，work and study.(要点2)However，some people are too addicted to the computer，which brings about all kinds of problems.(要点3)Especially，children are the major victims，the social development of whom is negatively affected.(要点4)概要写作4The American state of Colorado is considering a ban on smartphones for children younger than 13.A Denver­based doctor is leading the effort.Tim Farnum is the founder of a group called “Parents Against Underage Smartphones”．His proposal would ban sales of smartphones to children under the age of 13.It would also ban sales to anyone who wishes to buy such a device for children younger than 13.The measure now needs about 300,000 signatures in order to appear on Colorado's statewide ballot(无记名投票) in 2018.If it makes the ballot and is approved by voters，Colorado would then become the first state to have such aban.Tim Farnum said he decided to push for the measure after watching his own children struggle with the mental effects of always having a smartphone around.“They would get the phones and lock themselves in the room and change who they were.” he told a newspaper.State Senator John Kefalas，a Democrat，said he understood the reasoning behind the proposed law.However，he said that a child's smartphone usage was a “family matter” and not something the government should decide.Last year，the American Academy of Pediatrics released guidelines for parents. The group advised parents to limit their children's time spent watching videos to no more than one hour a day until age 6.It said parents should set reasonable time limits for their children.They should make sure electronic devices do not take time away from their children's sleep or exercise.[精彩范文]Tim Farnum set up an organization—Parents Against Underage Smartphones.He aims to stop children under 13 from getting smartphones and he wants his proposal to appear on Colorado's statewide ballot.(要点1 ) He made the decision after his children appeared addicted to playing with smartphones.(要点2 ) Although his proposal has not gained widespreadsupport，(要点3 ) parents are advised to limit the time their young kids spend on electronic devices.(要点4)概要写作5So sure，babies and toddlers(刚学会走路的孩子) don't get anything out of watching TV，but if they seem to like it，where's the harm? If a little TV is what it takes for you to get dinner on the table，isn't it better for them than，say，starving? Yes，watching TV is better than starving，but it's worse than not watching TV.Good evidence suggests that screen viewing before age 2 has lasting negative effects on children's language development，reading skills，and short­term memory.It also contributes to problems with sleep and attention.If you are what you eat，then the brain is what it experiences，and video entertainment is like mental junk food for babies and toddlers.The problem lies not only with what toddlers are doing while they're watching TV，it's what they aren't doing.Specifically，children are programmed to learn from interacting with other people.The dance of facial expressions，tone of voice，and body language between a toddler and parent is not only beautiful，it's so complex that researchers have to record these interactions on video andslow them down just to see everything that's going on.Whenever one party in this dance，child or parent，is watching TV，the exchange comes to a halt.A toddler learns a lot more from banging pans on the floor while you cook dinner than he does from watching a screen for the same amount of time，because every now and then the two of you look at each other.Just having the TV on in the background，even if no one is watching it，is enough to delay language development.Normally a parent speaks about 940 words per hour when a toddler is around.With the television on，that number falls by 770! Fewer words mean less learning.Toddlers are also learning to pay attention for prolonged periods.Toddlers who watch more TV are more likely to have problems paying attention at age 7.Video programming is constantly changing，constantly interesting，and almost never forces a child to deal with anything more tedious(乏味冗长的) than an infomercial(专题广告片)．[精彩范文]Watching TV before age 2 proves to have long­term bad effects on children's language development, reading skills, and other mental problems.(要点1 ) That's because when watching TV，face­to­face communication，such as eye contact，which is vital for children's language development，decreasesgreatly.(要点2) Even just having the TV on without anyone watching it，can put off language development.(要点3) Constantly changing and constantly interesting screens make toddlers more likely to have attention problems.(要点4)概要写作6We all laugh at least a couple of times every day, for different reasons. Have you ever noticed how relaxed you feel after laughing? There are a number of health benefits of laughing and that's why laughter is often considered as the best medicine.Life has always had much stress, no matter which century one was born in. All the prior generations were under no less stress and mental strain than we are today, for different reasons. This observation is supported by the fact that humor and laughter are as effective today as in the old days, in distracting humanity from its troubles and misfortunes.While there is absolutely no doubt about the fact that laughter makes it easier for us to cope with different challenges in life, it has also been established that it boosts our health by improving blood circulation andstrengthening the immune system. This, in turn, helps prevent a number of diseases and provide relief from physical as well as emotional suffering. Laughter therapy can be used to lower the risk of several diseases such as hypertension (高血压), ulcers (溃疡), arthritis (关节炎), stroke, diabetes, and even heart diseases. It offers good relaxation and helps you relieve stress and depression.Laughing is not just related to facial expressions, but it causes a number of chemical changes within the body. Good hearty laughter helps release hormones that are helpful for normal functioning of various organs. This is due to a connection between laughing and stimulation of the brain and different glands (腺)．Laughter stimulates the body to release natural antihistamines (抗组胺药). It also activates T­cells, a natural antibiotic (抗生素) produced in the body. It helps boost the immune system and fight infections. It prevents numerous diseases by strengthening the immune system. Also, since laughter improves circulation and increases the level of oxygen in blood, the lymphatic system (淋巴系统) gets a good amount of oxygenated blood when you laugh. This further strengthens your body's immunity against pathogens (病原体)．[精彩范文]Laughing does great good to a person's health, so it is considered as the best medicine.(要点1) Everyone has pressure, but laughing lets them escape from the suffering of pressure.(要点2) If a person laughs often he or she can deal with many difficulties and keep away from many diseases.(要点3) Besides, laughing canhelp increase the level of oxygen in blood and release something that improves a person's immune system.(要点4)概要写作7A year ago, I paid no attention to English idioms, though my teacher emphasized the importance again and again. But recently, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. He had a surprised look on his face when I told him how I studied English. Gently shaking his head and shrugging his shoulders, he said, “You don't say！”“You don't say！”I was puzzled. I thought, perhaps this was not a p roper topic. “Well, I'd better change the topic.” So I said to him, “Well, shall we talk about the GreatWall? By the way, have you ever been to the Great Wall？” “Certainly, everyone back home would laugh at me if I left China without visiting it. It is wo nderful.” He was deep in thought when I began to speak like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall of China is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it.” Soon I was stopped again by his words：“You don't say！” I couldn't help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it？”“Well, I didn't ask you to do so，” he answered, greatly surprised. I said, “Didn't you say ‘you don't say’？”Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain, “‘You don't say’ actually means ‘Really’！It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you don't pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know how foolish I had been. Since then I have changed my attitude towards idiomatic expressions.[精彩范文]The author illustrates the importance of English idioms with his personal experience.(要点1) When the author was chatting with a foreigner about his English study, the foreigner expressed his approval by saying “You don't say！”(要点2) That made the author puzzled and change the topic. Referring to the Great Wall, the foreigner once again said that idiom, which made the author even more confused.(要点3) At last, the foreigner explained the real meaning of the idiom.(要点4)概要写作8Recently, a professor of philosophy in the United States has written a book called Money and the Meaning of Life. He has discovered that how we deal with money in our day－to－day life has more meaning than we usually think. One of the things he asks his students to do is to keep a record of every penny they spend for a week. From the way they spend their money, they often see what they really value in life.He says our relation with others often becomes clearly defined when money enters the picture. You might have wonderful friendship with somebody and you think that you are very good friends. But you will know him only when you ask him to lend you some money. If he does, it brings something to the relationship that seems stronger than ever before. Or it can suddenly weaken the relationship if he doesn't. This person may say that he has a certain feeling, but if it is not carried out in the money world, there is something less real about it.Since money is so important to us, we consider those who possess a lot of it to be very important. The author interviewed some millionaires in researchinghis book.Answer: The most surprising thing is why people give me so much respect.I am nothing. I don't know much. All I am is rich.People just have an idea of making more and more money, but what is it for? How much do I need for any given purposes in my life? In his book, the professor uncovered an important need in modern society: to bring back the idea that money is an instrument rather than the end. Money plays an important role in the material world, but expecting money to give happiness may be missing the meaning of life.[精彩范文]A US professor has found out the relationship between money and the meaning of life.(要点1) Some people think friendship and good relationship depend on whether you have money and whether you are generous.(要点2) Money is generally considered very important, but a millionaire doesn't feel he is very important, because he thinks he is nothing except that he has money.(要点3) The professor's findings reveal that money is a tool rather than the goal, and money is not equal to happiness.(要点4)概要写作9Butterflies are very beautiful insects. They belong to the butterfly family. We can see them in the daytime. When we enjoy flowers, we'll see them flying around. They look more lovely than the flowers. But butterflies are not only friends of the plants, but also enemies of them.Butterflies are common all over the world, but the ones in hot countries are usually bigger and more brightly coloured than those in cooler countries, and there are different kinds. Usually the male butterfly is more brightly coloured than the female. The females have bigger and heavier bodies, since they carry the eggs. The gay colours of the male help to attract the female and the duller colours of the female make them less likely to be caught by the enemies before they have laid their eggs.Some butterflies have a bright pattern of colours on the upper surface of their wings which are shown when they fly, but when they rest on a tree or leaf, they close their wings. On the undersides of their wings there are green and brown makings which look like the tree or leaves. They are then difficult to see. The best example of this is the Dead Leaf Butterfly. When its wings are closed, it looks exactly like a dead leaf. There are even marks that look like the holes in a dead leaf. When a bird is chasing a butterfly, and it closes its wings, it seems to have disappeared completely.Many butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes. When they are resting, and their wings are folded, these cannot be seen. When a bird sees one, and begins to attack it, the butterfly opens its wings. The bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it, and frightened, it flies away.[精彩范文]This article briefly describes the species of the butterfly, the characteristics of its wings, and ways to escape from its enemies. Butterflies are very beautiful insects known to us.(要点1) There are different kinds of butterflies in different places. The differences lie in size, colour and gender.(要点2) Butterflies have wings with a variety of shapes, colours and marks, which can function as disguise to protect themselves from the attack of the enemies.(要点3)概要写作10In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is beneficial for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who hold the belief that their self­worth relies on how well they perform at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life­and­death affairs. In their single­minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe a desire to fail in them. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't want to try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot.Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self­respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (消失) can they discover a new meaning in competition.[精彩范文]Nowadays, opinions about competition are divided: some people say it's of great value while others think differently. (要点1) To some children, what they long for in life is success and they ignore to build up their characters in other aspects. (要点2) However, others view it from an opposite angle, the spirit of competition is not favored and they never make an attempt. (要点3) To be frank, the significance of competition can be discovered only when people get over the fear of failure. (要点4)。

概要写作1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Have you had a headache during a test? Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night? If so, then you know what stress is.Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, sad, scared, or afraid——all of which can give you a stomachache or a headache.However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad.Good stress might happen when you’re called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare better before the test. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is sick, if you’re having problems at school, or if anything else makes you unhappy every day. That kind of stress isn’t going to help you. And it can actually make you sick.The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep yourself in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure, and Food. If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and leave time for fun, you’ll probably feel less stressed.___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sue and Johnsy are friends and they live in one studio.But Johnsy kept her bed. The doctor thought there was uncertain hope and he couldn’t see any confidence in Johnsy.At the same time, Johnsy lay on the bed, looking through the small window and counted “10、9” and “8、7......” She said feebly. When the last leaf fell she must go.Sue heard that and felt sad. She went to invite old Behrman, who was a painter with no achievement. And he always talked of his coming masterpiece.Behrman heard the story of Johnsy from Sue.After the beating rain and fierce wind that had endured through the night, there was still one leaf. And another terrible night, it was still here. Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. Then she saw the life’s energy and wanted to live.With the help of doctor and Sue, Johnsy was out of danger. But the bad news was that the old Behrman died of pneumonia. And they knew the secret that the last leaf was just a painting, drew by Behramn in that terrible night.This is really a beautiful and sorrowful story. We can give other people energy, hope and love. You can see something glittering in our heart._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________3．阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

高考英语专题复习：概要写作答题指导与专项练习题汇编学习目标1.了解概要写作命题规律和趋势：考试要求、评分标准、考查特点和选材特点等。

2、范文赏析，明确概要写作常见问题：高分范文、中档范文和低分范文对比，指出问题。

3、掌握概要写作中归纳主旨大意、筛选支持信息的技能。

课前检测【10 min】阅读下列短文，选出不需要出现在概要中的句子，并说出理由。

①One becomes addicted to smoking in three different ways. ②First, one can become physicallyaddicted to nicotine, one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. ③My best friend, a heavy smoker, is so accustomed to having nicotine in his body that he feels bad-tempered when the drug leaves his body.④Secondly, one becomes addicted through habit. ⑤As is known to us all, if one does the same thing overand over again, he begins to do it automatically. ⑥Lastly, one can become mentally addicted. ⑦An addict believes he feels happier or more relaxedafter he has a cigarette.答案：357解析：上文主要讲述了吸烟成瘾的三种不同方式（句①）：身体上的依赖（句②）、习惯（句④）以及心理上的依赖（句⑥）。

句①是文章的主题句，②④⑥是支撑主题句的主要信息（major facts），即三种不同的方式。

高中英语概要写作练习题50题含答案解析1.阅读下面的记叙文：Tom is a kind boy. One day, he found a lost dog on the street. He took the dog home and looked after it carefully. Finally, he found the owner of the dog.Which of the following is the best summary?A. Tom is a kind boy and he likes dogs.B. Tom found a lost dog and took it home.C. Tom found a lost dog, took it home and looked after it until he found its owner.D. Tom found a dog on the street.答案解析：C。

选项A 只提到了Tom 是个善良的男孩和喜欢狗，但没有涵盖整个故事的主要内容。

选项B 只提到了找到狗并带回家，没有后续找到主人的情节。

选项D 只说了在街道上找到狗，不完整。

而选项C 完整地概括了人物Tom，事件是找到狗、带回家照顾以及找到主人。

记叙文概要写作要点是明确人物、事件和主题。

这个故事的人物是Tom，事件是找到丢失的狗、照顾狗并找到主人，主题可以理解为善良和责任感。

2.阅读下面的记叙文：Lily went to the park with her friends. They played games and had a picnic. They had a great time.Which of the following is the best summary?A. Lily went to the park.B. Lily and her friends played games in the park.C. Lily and her friends went to the park, played games and had a picnic.D. Lily had a great time in the park.答案解析：C。

概要写作1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Cycling isn’t always easy. Busy streets, honking horns, and inadequate bike lanes can make it an uphill battle. But not even these difficulties can stop Europeans’ passion for cycling. According to BBC, bicycles outsold cars in most of the European Union’s states last year.There are traditional bicycle capitals”, such as Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Copenhagen in Denmark. But in many other traditionally car-made countries, the shift to bikes is striking. Italians, for instance, bought 1.6 million bikes against 1.4 million cars in 2012.So what has led to cycling’s growing popularity in Europe?The economic crisis has played an important role in the issue. “The economic crisis has had an effect on all areas of people’s lives, including on transport,” Giulietta Pagliaccio, head of the Italian cycling federation FIAB, told the Australian Associated Press.Since the European debt crisis broke out in 2009, more people lost their jobs while the cost of living, including fuel costs, continued to rise. It forced many people to give up driving to save money, the Guangzhou-based New Express commented. Take Greece, a country seriously hit by the crisis, for example. It sold 320,000 bikes last year against 58,000 cars.More importantly, people have changed their views toward cars and bikes. Cars are losing their appeal as status symbols. Yet, cycling is now seen as “a safe, clean, healthy, inexpensive way to get around town”, the Daily Star concluded. “It not only reduces traffic jam and pollution, but also contributes to public health.”However, with more and more people turning to cycling, questions remain about traffic and safety problems.To ease people’s worries, dozens of cities have joined a European Union to make bicycles equal to cars as a form of urban transport. Quite a few cities now offer well-marked bike lanes, such as the cycling super-highway marked in blue in London. It runs all over the city, from the center to the suburbs._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.91. The Problem of PackagingA large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to recycling company for processing.The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _3．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out -that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have._______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s no laughing matterMuch research has been conducted about why humans laugh and what they laugh at—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines. So, why do we laugh?The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism. Studies have shown that humans are over 30 times more likely to laugh with others than alone. Even “laughing gas” works more effectively on a group of people than on a single person. We all know that laughter can be very infectious.Some researchers believe that laughter in humans was born out of the relief our ancestors felt after danger had passed. If smiling in humans is considered an extension of the “fear” face in primates (灵长类动物), then laughter is a signal that the fear has gone. When we laugh, our “fight or flight” reaction to danger is temporarily switched off, further indicating that we now feel relaxed. So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older. Children find a lot to laugh about, as they are encountering so many things for the first time, which offers constant surprises. Teenagers often like jokes that adults find annoying, while adults often laugh at jokes about funny things in their own everyday lives. Furthermore, because a lot of our humor comes from a shared cultural background, countless jokes don’t cross language and cultural barriers, with the result that what’s funny in Australia may well not be in Austria.Regardless of what different people find funny, people ought to laugh as much as they can. While we’re laughing, we increase the killer cells that destroy viruses. So, the next time someone tells you they nearly died laughing, tell them it’s far from the truth!______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

概要写作1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Ever done something you didn’t want to do, just to fit in? Or just because your friends wanted you to? That’s peer pressure.And just about everyone feels it at one time or another.Peers are people at your age.such as your friends, who have experiences similar to yours.Your peers influence your decisions and behavior every day, and they can push you to make bad choices, even dangerous ones.But is peer pressure always bad?Actually, peer pressure can sometimes be a good thing.Friends can give you the courage to try something you normally wouldn’t, like a new sport or taking part in the school play.Nicole S., 16, used to be afraid of singing in front of people.One time, her friends persuaded her to sing karaoke with them.She ended up having fun! “Now 1 will sing anywhere, even with people present.Positive peer pressure helped me face my fear,” she says.The people around you can also be bad influences, however.Maybe a star teammate tells you never to pass the ball to a certain player, or a popular student cheats on tests or sends mean texts.Should you try to be like them to fit in?What should you do with peer pressure then? Peer pressure is powerful, but the ability to choose is yours.If a situation feels wrong, there’s a good chance that it is wrong.Standing up for yourself and saying no isn’t always easy.But you might give voice to a group of peers that feel the same way you do.It can take just one person to speak out and change a situation.The main thing is not to compromise (妥协) who you are.The kind of coolness and popularity you think you may get by joining the crowd and doing risky things won’t last long.Your character is with you for the rest of your life.Be who you are, not who others want you to be.People will respect you for standing up for yourself - even if it doesn’t seem like it right away._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。