2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习虚拟语气含解析202101181169

虚拟语气
重难点分析
虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生应予以重视。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。

此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表
二、其他要注意的事项
1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第一、三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中只能用were。

如：Were I you, I would apologize to her. 如果我是你的话，我就会去向她道歉。

2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。

如：
Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。

He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是对的。

(如insist表“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句则要用虚拟语气)
3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if，并将这些词提前引起倒装。

如：
Were I you, I would remain. 如果我是你，我会留下来。

Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it. 如果你早点告诉我，我就不会错过它了。

4. 可用without, but for构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。

如：
But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。

Without water, there would be no life. 没有水，就没有生命。

5. as if/though, even if/though引导的从句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示真实的情况。

如：
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来似乎要下雨了。

考点练透
一、单句填空用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. —If he ___________ (warn), he ___________ (not take) that food.
—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___________ (break).
3. I would rather they ___________ (not hear) of the news.
4. I wish ___________ (have) a room of my won when I was a child.
5. But for the teacher, I ___________ (not change) my attitude to study yet.
6. Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ___________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to stay.
7. If I had worked harder at school, I ___________ (sit) in a comfortable office now.
8. Her pale face suggested that she ___________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she ___________ (have) a medical examination.
9. I insisted he ___________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___________ (be) wrong
with him.
10. He asks that he ___________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he has refused to go there.
11. It is high time we ___________ (get) down to discuss this plan.
12. If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now.
13. Who do you suggest ___________ (send) to work there?
14. I would have come earlier, but I ___________ (not know) that you were waiting for me.
15. If it ___________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.
16. If there were no air, people ___________ (die).
17. If he ___________ (study) harder, he might pass the exam.
18. If he ___________ (take) my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.
19. We would rather you ___________ (go) here tomorrow.
20. It is high time that you ___________ (go) to pick up your daughter at school.
二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there
homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2 (listen) to my favorite music for an hour a day and 3 (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It is
activities at weekend. I suggest that there 6 (be) not so many tests. You can imagine
(encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.
三、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

What will happen if ice caps melt?The level of the world’s oceans will rise. 1 this is not the real problem, the problem is that these white ice caps reflect sunlight, much of 2 is
reflector is the ocean, darker color absorbs sunlight causing further warming of the earth which can be up to 80 °C which is fatal (致命的) and can cause 5 (extinct) of all living organisms.
●If all the ice melted, north and south pole, Antarctica, Greenland, and all, sea levels would rise 6 175 and 225 feet.
●Coastal areas would essentially disappear, and roughly a third of the earth’s existing landmass (大陆) 7 (flood). It is estimated that 60% of the world’s population lives in the coastal plains.
●Many inland areas would be affected as well, 8 water tables, rivers, and lakes would all rise 9 their previous heights.
●The animals that live in the cold (polar bears, penguins and arctic foxes) will become endangered.
Most important of all, there are many other 10 (predict) bad results human may be faced with. Are you afraid of that now?
助读词汇
reflector n. 反射物absorb vt. 吸收
essentially adv. 基本上roughly adv.粗略地
plain n. 平原in turn 转而
be up to 达到living organism 生物体
north and south pole 北极和南极coastal area 沿海地区
It is estimated that…据估计……arctic fox 北极狐
参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. had been warned; wouldn’t have taken
2. were broken
3. hadn’t heard
4. had had
5. wouldn’t have changed
6. would be
7. would be sitting
8. was; (should) have
9. (should) go; was 10. (should) be give 11. got 12. are 13. be sent 14. didn’t know 15. should/were to rain 16. would die 17. studied 18. had taken 19. went 20. went
二、语篇填空
1. were
2. listened
3. played
4. (should) hold
5. (should) organize
6. (should) be
7. would
8. realized / should realize / were to realize
9. would 10. encouraged
三、语法填空
如果地球上的冰帽都融化的话，会发生什么？
1. But 根据上文和空后的this is not the real problem可知填But。

注意首字母要大写。

先行词是sunlight，故填which。

3. cooling 分析句子成分知道，动词cool在此是非谓语，与逻辑主语sunlight是主动关系，故填cooling作结果状语。

4. the 在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词only, very, same等前需用定冠词the。

5. extinction 作宾语用名词形式。

6. between 根据空后的…175 and 225 feet可知。

between…and…意为“在……和……之间”。

7. would be flooded 根据前面的If all the ice melted和本段前面的Coastal areas would essentially disappear可知，此处是个虚拟语气，且动词flood 与逻辑主语landmass存在被动关系。

故填would be flooded。

previous heights.是个原因。

故填as/because。

9. from 句意：从它们以前的高度。

10. unpredictable 语法角度：形容词修饰名词。

句意角度：最重要的是，有很多其他人类可能会面临的不可预测的糟糕结果。

故填unpredictable最合适。