英语动词名词用法总结计划模板计划模板.doc
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英语动词名词用法总结
规则动词
1.动词变过去式的变化规则
1)一般在动词词尾加ed。
work—worked,rain—rained,watch—watched
2)如果动词以字母 e 结尾,变过去式时直接在词尾加d。
love —loved,live—lived,change—changed
3)如果动词是以一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,变
过去式时,要双写这个辅音字母,再加 ed。
stop —stopped,plan—planned,drop—dropped
4)如果动词是以辅音字母加y 结尾,变过去式时要变y 为 i 再加 ed。
study —studied,carry—carried,try—tried
2.动词第三人称单数变化规则
1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s.例如:works gets says reads
2)以 ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加 -es 。例如: teaches washes 常见的O结尾的词: go-goes do-does
3) 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把y 变为 i再加-es.例如studies tries
3.动词现在分词的变换规则
1 )在动词末尾直接加ing如:read---reading do---doing
2 )以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing
如:skate --- skating have --- having
ride --- riding come --- coming
make --- making dance --- dancing
write --- writing
3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,
应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing
如:
putting running beginning
stopping swimming sho pping
jogging sitting
getting
4)以 ie 结尾的动词,把 ie 变成 y 再加 ing
如: lie --- lying
tie --- tying
die --- dying
4.动词将来时的构成
1)will +动词原形
E.g.I will go to Beijing tomorrow
2)be going to do
E.g I am going to go to school later.
不规则动词
不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点,也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规
则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律,总结如下:
1.把动词原形中的 o 改为 a,变成过去式。过去分词不变.如:
become— became, come—came
2.把动词原形中的i 改为 a,变成过去式。如:
begin —began, drink —drank ,give — gave, ring — rang ,sing —sang,sit —sat , swim— swam ,sink —sank,
3.把重读开音节中的i 改为 o,变成过去式。如:
drive —drove , ride — rode ,shine —shone, win —won,write —wrote
4.动词原形中的 e 改为 o,变成过去式。如:
get — got ,forget —forgot
5.动词原形中的eep 改为 ept ,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept ,sleep —slept ,sweep—swept
6.动词原形中的 an 改为 oo,变成过去式。如:
stand —stood , understand —understood
7.改动词原形中的aw /ow 为 ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw — threw (动词 show 除外, show — showed)
8.动词原形中的eak 改为 oke,变成过去式。如:
break —broke , speak—spoke
9.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell —sold ,tell—told
10.以 ought 和 aught 结尾,且读音是[:t]的过去式。如:
bring —brought ,buy—bought , think —thought ,catch — caught , teach —taught
11.以 ould 结尾且读音为[ ud]的情态动词过去式。如:
can— could ,shall —should ,will—would
12.在动词原形后加 d 或 t 变成过去式,并且发生音变。如: hear
[hi ]— heard [ h :d ], say [ sei ]— said [sed],mean
[mi:n ]— meant[ment], dream — dreamt [ dremt ]
13.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
cut — cut, hit — hit, hurt —hurt, let — let ,must— must, put —
put ,read — read [red ], set — set
14.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:am,is — was,are — were,build —built , do—did ,eat — ate , fall — fell ,feel — felt , find — found ,fly —
flew ,go
— went,have / has— had ,hide — hid ,hold — held ,lay —laid ,leave —left , lie — lay ,lose — lost ,make— made,may—might ,run — ran ,see— saw, smell — smelt ,take —took ,wake—woke, wear—wore
名词变复数分为规则变化和不规则变化:
一 .规则变化
1)一般情况在词尾加 -s
清辅音后读 /s/map-maps book-books
浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags car-cars
2)以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的,加-es bus-buses watch-watches
3)以辅音字母 +y 结尾的,变 y 为 i 再加 es family---families baby---babies
注意:以 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时,直接加 s two Marys the Henrys 4)以元音字母 +y 结尾的,直接加– s ,boy-boys toy-toys key-keys
5)以辅音字母加 o 结尾的名词变复数有两种形式:
1.无生命的物体后加 s