现在完成时过去完成
时教师版
现在完成时
用法：
动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。
与一般过去时的区别：
强调过去—一般过去式
强调对现在的影响---现在完成时。
试比较
I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）
I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）构成：
肯定句： have / has done
否定句：...have/has not done
一般疑问句： Have/ Has ... done ....?
Yes, ... have/has. No, ...have/has not.
常用的时间状语有：
或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.
already和yet区别:
I have already finished my homework.
already用在_______，位于_______。“已经”
Have you finished your homework yet?
yet用在_______和________中，位于_______。“仍然，还，已经”
B.for 与since区别: for +时间段 since+ 时间点
I have lived in Changchun__________ two years.
I have been here__________7 o'clock.
用since和for填空
1. ______ two years
2._______ two years ago
3. _______ last month
4.______ 1999
5._______ yesterday
6. _______ 4 o’clock
7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour 9. _______ we were children
10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12, _______ she was very young
13. _______ she was a child 14, _____ more than twenty years
He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
I’ve known him __________ we were chi ldren.
Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
注意：表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever, never等时间状语。
如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
三. have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法区别
（一）.have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，
常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm
have been here (there) / abroad
（二）.have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。
可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：
I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
（三）.have(has) gone to意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
练习
I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ___________ the park just now.
3) John __________ England since he came back.
4) How long _________ have _________ this village?
5) The Smiths __________ Beijing for years.
6) ________ you ever _________ America? -- Yes, I _________ there many times.
7) I _________ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He ________ the farm.
9) When________ he _________? He __________ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _________ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _______ there before.
11) Where _________ you _________ now? --- I ___________ the zoo.
12) He often _________ swimming.
13) __________ you __________ there last year?
14) __________ they often __________ skating in winter?
注意
