高中英语重点词汇精讲
abandon: vt.放弃，遗弃abandon medicine for literature 弃医从文；desert:遗弃，抛弃on a deserted island.
ability: n 能力，才能：have the ability to do…=be capable of doing…有能力做……
able: adj.有能力的：an able leader; be able to与can的区别：can只有现在(can)和过去(could)两种形式，而be able to可有各种时态。
（详见情态动词）。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone ______get out.
A . could B. was able to C. can D. must (B)
aboard: adv./prep在船（飞机，车）上. Aboard=on board; All aboard!请上船；开船啦。
Welcome aboard!请上船（飞机，车）
about: prêt./adv.在周围，在身边；关于(on更严肃，正式)；大约：be about to do... (=be at/on the point of doing...)即将做。
后不能接soon, at once等时间状语；How about +doing/名词/代词/句子等...=What about..做......好吗？
①I have no money about me. ②Have you heard of the story about Shakespeare?
about two yeas=two years pr so =some two years
All the mariners ____died except the one who shot the bird left to tell his story to others, which was described in the poem called “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.”
A. on a board
B. on aboard
C. on boards
D. aboard
abroad: adv. be (go/live/travel) abroad; come (return ) from abroad; both at home and abroad在国内外；be all abroad离题，不中肯
absence: n. absent: adj. 不在，缺席；不在意的：
He will be absent at the meeting from Beijing.（不在北京）
He will be absent at the meeting in Beijing.（外出在北京）Absence of mind心不在焉；
反义词：present出席的，在场的，用法和absent一样，但作定语要后置(n.礼物，at present 目前) _______got a present at the party. (A)
A. All present
B. Present all
C. All presenting
absorb: vt.吸收（声音，光线，液体等），吸收，理解（知识等）；Be absorbed in全神贯注于。
I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear you call.
academic:学院的，学校的，学业的。
academic levels/challenges:学业水平/学习中的挑战。
accident: 意外;incident:小事件，政治事变或事件by accident=by chance偶然
accept:承认，接受（主观），receive: 收到（表客观），accept A as B 承认 A 是B, He was accepted as an excellent teacher at last.
Yesterday he did _______an invitation, but he refused to _____it . (B 、A)
A. accept
B. receive
access: 进入，接近(to), have access to: 有权进入….,能够使用到…. accessible adj. 可以使用（或得到）的。
能进入的。
Sth .be accessable to sb. 某人容易使用到…
account: account for…解释，描述。
On account of…因为… take account of…考虑到…。
accuse;指控,指责。
Accuse sb. Of sth…指控某人犯…；be accused of…被指控犯…。
achieve:①完成,取得,达到achieve one’s work/success/one’s goal;achieve the goal of doing…达到….. 目标。
○2achievements:成就，成绩He achieved/gained great/brilliant achievements in writing novels.
acquire:学习（一般指天生的习得）；而learn指课堂学习。
English acquired ability.
across:①横穿而过（从物体表面）；through:穿过（从物件内部）；over:跨过（从物体上方）；
past:经过（从物件旁边）；along:经过（从物体边沿）
He went ______the river and didn’t find a boat to go _____ it.
A. over, across
B. along, across
C. along, over
D. past, through
act: ①vi.行为，演出，Vt.担当，演……角色(=play the part of) n.法令,条例act as=work as=serve as担当,充当
Who will _____Shakespeare in the film? A. act B. act as C. play a part pf (A)
①action. n.行为,行动,措施take actions 采取行动, take measures 采取措施
active: adj.积极的,活跃的take(an) active part in积极参加……, be active in sth./doing sth.在……
方面很积极。
live/lead an active life过着活跃的生活。
actual:①现实的，实际的（现实存在，不是想象中的）；real:真实的（不是假的）rue:真实的（不是in actual life, a real gold ring, a true story ②actually: adv.实际上，确实
=in fact/in reality/ as a matter of fact =really
adapt:（使适应。
dapt (oneself) to…（使适应.. adapt A for B:把A改编/改写/改造成adapt from…
根据……改编。
add: ①vt.加add… to…把……加到……上
Two _____to three makes five. A. added B. adding C. is added D. being added (A)
②add to增加, (=increase) The bad weather added to our difficulties.
③add up把加Please add up all the figures.
④add up to合计为=come to =amount to
addict: vt.使……沉溺, be/ get addicted to对……上瘾
The young man gets addicted to drugs.
address: ①n 地址② v 寄.=post he addressed a letter to me.
adjust: adjust (oneself)to …使自己适宜于……；adapt to适应于=agree with
admire: admire sb. For (doing) sth. 因……而钦佩某人;envy: 妒忌,羡慕envy sb. sth.
admit: ①vi/vt. admit(to) sth. 承认……admission n. ②让……进入,接纳admit ab. to/int o…
允许某人进入……be admitted to school/ hospital,允许进入……, ③admit doing sth.允许做……承认做……④admit+从句⑤admtt of…=allow of…容许有……The matter admits of no delay. 容纳=hold=seat The room can admit 200 persons.
adopt: 采纳,接受(=accept), 收养。
adopt one’s suggestion.
advance: advance towards a place:向……前进advance in sth.在……方面有增长; advance to a place: 到达……;advance on/upon…逼近,进攻; in advance:提前=ahead of time; in
advance of…在……之前,比……前进。
Advancing=developing: 发展中的，advanced:
发达的，高级的，进步的。
advantage: 优点，好处take advantage of…利用……=make use of; have/ take an advantage over others 对……有优势。
disadvantage: 不足,可数名词。
advice: ①忠告，劝告（不可数），tip:劝告，可数，a piece of advice一条劝告，give sb. some advice on( how to do) sth就……给某人提建议, take/follow one’s advice 采纳某人的
建议, ask (sb.) for advice 征询某人的建议, do sth. on one’s advice按某人的建议
做……
②advise: v.(BE)=advice v.(AE) advise sb. to do sth. 劝某人做……, advise sb. not to do
sth=advise sb. against doing sth.劝/建议某人不要做……, advise doing sth. 建议
做……;但suggest可用suggest: (one’s/sb.) doing sth,不用suggest sb. to do sth.
I ____the lady go there at once. A. suggested B. advised C. hoped D. wished (A) affair:泛指“事务,事情,事件”, affairs:表重大“事务或事态”;event:指有重大意义的历史事件;
business:生意,公事on/in business, go into business; matter问题
Business before pleasure. There are several matters to be dealt with at the meeting.
affect :vt. 影响effevt n. have an effect on…=affect…对…有影响.have no/much/great/little…effect on/upon 对什么没有/有很大/重大/很小,几乎没有影响. effective adj.有效的afford: ①负担起(……的费用)可接名词,代词或to do……,常与can. could, be able to连用于否定句或问句中.
his poor family can’t afford his education. I can’t afford to buy a car at present.
②抽得出时间=spare但spare 可spare sb. +时间He can’t afford time for the cinema. I
can spare you two hours.我能为你抽出两个小时. ③提供afford sb. sth. = offer sb. sth.
/offer sth. to sb. =supply sth to/for sb./supply sb. With sth.=provide sb. With sth./provide
sth for/to sb. Failure afford us experience.
afraid: be afraid to do…害怕做……,be afraid of (doing) sth.担心做……be afraid+ 句子,be afraid not/so恐怕不行/恐怕如此(对句子的省略回答). I don’t want to be a waitress because
I’m afraid ____ dishes frequently. A. on breaking B. to break (A)
after: ①表过去一段时间以后或将来某个时刻以后,反义词是before 指从过去算起时间以前或将来某个时刻以前;而指将来一段时间以后,反义词是ago指从现在算起一段
里头以前. ②after all毕竟,终究, above all首先,最重要的是(作入语),指重要性;
first of all 首先,最重要的是, 指顺序或重要性, in all = in total= altogether总共,
at all根本. we can’t blame him for what he did; ____ he is a child. A. at all
B. in all
C. after all
D. above all (C)
agree: ①agree to sth. 同意, 成(plan/arrangeme nt/suggestion/…②agree woth sb.(或decision, view, opinion,或某人的话)同意, 成; 与……一致,适合(天气,食物等)he moved to
biijing because he ____ the weather here. (A) A. didn’t agree with B.
wasn’t suitable for C. wasn’t fit for D. didn’t agree to ③ agree to do sth.同意,
成做……④agree on sth.在…….取得一致⑤agree+句子,同意……⑥反义词:
disagree,名词:agreement:契约,协议reach/come to/ arrive at/make an agreement
with…on sth. 与……就…….达成协议.
aid: do/ give/ offer first aid to sb =do/give/ offer sb. first aid对某人进行急救; go 援救某人aim: n./v.目标,目的,瞄准take aim at…=aim at…瞄准……目的在于…… aim sth at sth用什么瞄准什么东西, aim your gun at…., 用枪瞄准……aim…at…旨在…; aim to do sth 目的
在于做…china has long been a leader in the field of genetic research ____ at
imporoving agriculture. A. aimed B. aiming C. to aim (A) he has aimed at entering a key university.
air : ①in the air在空中,在流传, 悬而未决; on the air在广播中; by air乘飞机等(=by plane)l in the open air在野外② vt.使通风,晾干air your clothes
all: all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等是总括含义代词形容词和副词等,与否定词not 连用,构成部分
否定,表示“不都,并非都”.而全否定要用no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no
one, nowhere, no more, no long, no way等,表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使
用构成“全部否定”.
allow : ①allow doing…允许做….. ② allow sb. to do….允许某人做
Students aren’t allowed ____in school. A. to smoke B. smoking (A)
③ allow for…考虑到，体谅，顾及。
It takes about an hour to get there, allowing for possible traffic delays.
④ allow of…容许，容得the meeting allows of no delay.
⑤allow sb. sth. 同意给某人…….
alive: loving, lovely ,lovely, alive, live的区别:
alive adj. “活着的”,作后置定语,表语,补足语等,不作前置定语; kept sth olive
live:作定语, “活的,有生命的,活生生的,生机勃勃的,燃着的,实况转播的”,还可作动词,
a live fish, live coal燃着的煤, a live football match 一场直播的足球; a live young
man一个生机勃勃的年轻人;
living adj. “有生命的,活着的”,作前置定语或表语(还可作名词make a living),修饰人或物, living beings/things生物;
lively: “生动的,活跃的,充满生气的” a lively and interesting class;
lovely adj.可爱的a lovely girl.
While a person is asleep, a part of his brain is still ____.
A. active
B. alive
C. awake
D. aware (A)
Language is a ____ and continually changing thing.
A. live
B. alive
C. lively
D. living (D)
almost:“几乎”=nearly,但almost不能位于very后;nearly不能和any, no, none, never, nothing 等连用,not nearly “决不,远非”= far from; almost not “几乎不”
I am far from _____ with what he said. (A)
A. satisfied
B. satisfying
C. being satisfied
alone: ①adj. “单独的”,作表语或补足语,表客观事实; lonely: “孤独的,荒凉的,偏僻的”,可带感情色彩.
②adv.单独地,独自alone=on one’s own= by oneself 单独地, leave sb. alone别打扰某人,
把某人单独下
The old man lives alone in a lonely house, but he doesn’t feel lonely because he can make a living alone.
aloud: 出声(侧重,由无声到有声) loud 大声地(侧重声音由低到高).
Please speak loud. I can’t hear you clearly.
although: ①conj. 虽然=though,不与but, so, and 连用,可与yet, still连用.
② Although:常位于句首,不用倒装; though:位于句中或句首,可倒可不倒装; as常位于句
首,要倒装(即副词,形容词,省冠词的名词,动词原形提前),它们都接句子; in spite
of=despite 是介词短语,接名词或动名词.
_____ getting high marks in the examinations, he is still working hard.
A. In spite of
B. Although
C. Though
D. In case of
amaze: vt.使……感到非常吃惊.①amaze sb. ②be amazed at sth对……感到吃惊.
③be amazed to do sth ④I was amazed+句子. amazing 表示令人惊奇的事物;
amazed 表示人感到惊奇.
among:在……之间(多者); between: 在……之间(两者); between A and B
another: 泛指多者中另外“一个或几个” three more boys=another three boys; the other两者中另外“一个” one…the other…一个……另一个;the others=the other+可复: “另外
一些”,指全部; others=other+可复: “另外一些”,指部分
I need ____students to help me carry the books besides Tom and Peter.
A. three other
B. three another
C. another three
D. other three (C) answer: 答复,回答answer the letter/door/phone/question, answer for 对……负责,受到报应,answer a question=reply to a question; an answer/ a key to ………的答案anxious: adj.渴望的,忧虑的(anxiety n.) be anxious to do sth. 急切做……,be anxious for/ about. ….
为……担心,be anxious+句子(虚拟语气);be eager to do sth.. 渴望做……;look
forward to doing sth..盼望做…….
apologize: apologize (to sb.) for doing sth./ sth.=make an apology (to sb.) for doing sth./ sth.为……
向某人道歉.
appear: ①出现,显露, the sun appeared out of the black cloud.
②来到,露面( He didn’t appear until the meeting almost ended.
③看来(好像) It appears/seems to sb. that+句子= sb. appears/seems to do sth.(此结构一般
不用look) appear指从外表上看好象(=look)……; 而seem指实质上看好象……
He appears to have known the news =it appears that he has known the news.
The plane appears stronger inside than outside. (不用seem)
④ appearance: n.出现,来到,外貌,面貌
The old building affects the appearance of the city.
apply: ①apply…to…把……应用于We should apply the theory to practice.
② apply to适用于This kind of books doesn’t apply to children. ③ apply (to sb.) for…
向某从请求/申请……When you have any question, please apply to me for help.
④ appilication n.
approach: v.靠近,接近.与….打交道(about);着手处理
n.靠近,接近(of);通道,入口(to);方法(to)
argue:争吵,争辩.着重就自己的看法或立场提出论证和别从辩论;而quarrel:争吵,吵架.表示因不同意或不喜欢而产生的强烈的争论或争吵; debate: 辩论,争论. argument: n.
①argue about sth. 争吵(关于……) ②argue with sb.同……争吵③argue
for/against…赞成/反对……④argue with ab. about/over sth.与某从争论某事,为……
与某人争吵⑤argue ab. Into doing sth.～persuade sb. into doing….说服某人
做….= persuade sb. to do sth. ⑥argue sth. 对某事争论⑦argue that-clause:
主张,认为……
arrange: vt/vi.安排,筹划.arrange sth. For sb. 为…安排….; arrange with sb. about/ for…与…商定某事.arrange to do sth安排做….;arrange that+句子.
arrive: ①vi. 到达arrive at/ in(大地方用in,小地方用at)…=get to(接home, here, there,省to)=reac(常指努力到达) ②得出arrive at/ come to a conclusion/decision得出
结论,做出决定. ③arrival n. 到达,来到.
as: ①conj.像……一样,表比较as…as…, not so …as…修饰形容词可单时,形容词提到冠词前,这点和that, how, too 等一样;但like是介词.
He does his work as his father does (like his father).
He is ____as Mary.
A. as good a student
B. so good a student
C. too good a student
D. as a good
student (A)
②表方式, “按照,如同”You must to everything as I tell you.
③表时间, “当……时”, “随着”,和When, while 的区别:while:当……时,和……同
时(谓语噗延续性动词),而(并列连词),虽然(从属连词=although); when:当……时表
“突然”.
as(he was) a young man, he joined the army. As time goes on, I love her more and more.
④表原因,与because, since, now that, for, 的区别:as表直接原因, because表真正原因,since
和now that表明显的已成事实的原因, for 表推断,
⑤表让步, “虽然,尽管”和though, although 的区别(略)
⑥关系代词,the same(…)as…, such(…)as…, as…as…, as is well known to us all, as we expect.
My home town is no longer the same as it was.
As is known to us allm china is a large country with a long history.
⑦so as to …/so…as to …以至于He raised his voice so as to be heard. so/ as far as
远到……,就……而论,据…..所知,as for至于(=as to), 就……方面说; as usual 像平常一样;
as it is/ was 事实上,既然如此; as it were 乎可以说是.
As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 6 o’clock.
The book gives, as it were, a pocture of the evil old society.
⑧.as soon as= immediately/ the miment/the minute/directly/instantly+句子…..就…..,当……时
⑨.as/so long as =on condition that只要, as though=as if 好像; as many as+(句子或可复或和…
一
样多,多达; as much as+(句子,不可数,重量,价格,数量等); as long as长达; as far as 远到, 就……而论.
He has stayed here as many as ten years and earned as much as ten thousand pounds.
⑩as well as也,又,还有
He knows English as well. He as well as I is going to Beijing next month.
⑾…is + 倍数/分数+as + adj./adv.+ as…=…is +倍数/分数+比较级+ than…=…is +倍数/分数(double./twice两倍) +the size/length/depth/width of…
This railway is double the length of that one=…os two times as long as…=is once longer than…
ashamed: adj.惭愧,害臊be/feel ashamed to do sth.= be/feel ashamed of doing sth.对做某事感到惭愧,be/feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到惭愧, be/ feel ashamed that+ 句子,be ashamed of oneself为自己感到害臊
I feel ashamed of not having done much for the people like Lei Feng.
ask: ①ask sb. a question 问某人问题ask sb. (not) to do…叫某人不做……, ask/ inrite sb.
to a meeting请某人到会.
②ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物(求某事) =ask s
You should ask your parents for permission at first.
③ ask a favor of sb.要求某人帮忙
④ask after…问候,探问We should often ask after our parents’ health.
⑤ a sk for…要求,求同The boy’s mother asked for his head teacher about his studies astonish: vt. 使惊讶(surprise＜amaze＜astonish＜shock)它们的用法结构一样,be surprised at sth, 对….感到吃惊,be surprised to do sth. 因做…感到吃惊.(surprising, surprised 区别) attempt:
attend: ①出席,参加(=be present at) ,照料(care for=look after=take care of), 上(学) =go to The nurse attended the patient patiently.
②attend to专心于,致力于The student attends to hos studies every day.
③ attention n. pay attention to (doing) sth.注意….., draw/ attract one’s attention 引起某人
的注意. hold one’s attention on 将注意力集中于……
attract: v. 吸引,attract/draw one’s attention. 吸引某人的注意.attractive adj.=striking. 吸引人的average: adj. /n. 平均(的) on (the/ an) average 平均来说; above/ below (the ) average平均水平以上/以下.Their average age is 20
avoid: v.避免,躲开,逃避. avoid sth/ doing sth.避免(做)…
awake: awoke –awoke/awaked: ①醒的,清醒的,警觉的,意识到的作后置定语或表语, be aeake 醒着的is he asleep or awake? Be awake to…意识到… =awake to= realize=be aware of…
②vi./ vt 唤醒,醒来=wake up, 但awake 可指“使觉醒,觉醒,意识到”=awaken 表抽象意
义. The national spirit is awaken. He didn’t awake to the danger.
aware: adj.意识到的be aware of 知道,意识到=realize; be aware that/wh.
away: go away走开; run away 跑开; break away from 脱离…..破除……; throw away 扔掉;
blow away 刮走; clear away 把……清除掉; drive away 开走; get away from离开某地,逃离; wash away冲走; send away 赶走,开除; take away带走; put away收好,储存; turn away 离开,把……打发走; keep away from 远离; give away捐赠.
His mother had thought it would be good for his character to ____from home and earn some money on his own.
A. run away
B. take away
C. keep away
D. get away (D)
B
back: ①adj.后面的；n . 背部,背后; adv. 回原处,向后; v. (使)倒退
The driver backed his car a little. back and forth =to and from来来往往,前后
In spring we can see birds flying back and forth.
②at the back of…在……的后面(范围内外都可),而in front of…在……前面(范围外),
in the front of …(范围内); at the head of 在……的前头;
③ back不能与return, repay等连用. return=come back,
bad: ①坏的,腐烂的,不正确的,严重的go from bad to worse愈来愈糟, have a bad/hard time 日子艰难,be bad/poor at……成绩不好, be bad for…=be harmful for 对……有害,catch a bad cold重感冒,feel bad感到不舒服,go bad开始变坏
②badly: adv. 坏地,恶劣地,严重地,(=seriously),非常(=very/extremely/highly)
I want the new pen badly.
bargain: ①bargain with sb. about /over/ for sth.与某人讨价还价买…… =make a bargain with sb.
over sth.
②(经过讨价还价以后)成交的商品,便宜货It’s a bargain.
base:①n.基础,基地,根据地an air base空军基地, make London the base for his work.
②vt. 基于,以……为根据(base…on/upon…; be based on…),但based on…以…为基础,根
据…=according to =depending on=relying on,常用来作状语或定语. On the base of…以…为基础.
Scientific theories must be based on facts.
The film was made ____on a true love story. (B)
A. to be based
B. based
C. basing
D. base
③ basic:基本的,基础的; formed the basis for…形成了……的基础. basis: n.基础,通常表比
喻用法.
beat: (心脏)跳动,打败(=defeat)人或队伍,敲打(连续击打);hie:重击(一次性),袭击(=strike); 获胜(比赛,辩论,战斗,奖牌等);attack进攻vt/n.
Our team beat theirs and won the match..
A storm ____the city amd caused many deaths. A. hit B. strike C. beat D. attacked (A) because: ①连词,接句子
Our teacher got angry because ____.
A. what I did
B. that I was late
C. of what I said (C)
②because of:=as a result of…=on account of…=as a consequence of…复合介词,接名词,代词`动名词\ what 从句等构成介词短语,作状语.但一般不能作表语
The accident was because of his carelessness (×).
thanks to一般可和because of换,但表“幸亏,多亏:等感激时不能用because of, 不好的事不用thanks to.
Because of the accident, he lost his two legs. (√)
Owing to中owing是形容词,因此可作表语.意思是“由于,应归功于…”
Mary’s breaking away from her family was owing to her father’s cruelty.
due to中的due是形容词,可作表语\定语和状语.另外, be due to 还有“应归于……,应付给……按计划做…”, due to:由…引起,由于≈because of
I’m due to graduate in the next half of the year.
A. am about to
B. am due to
C. am owing to
The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.
A. be cowe of
B. due to
C. belougs to
D. on allount of
before ①: prep./adv./conj.以前,在……以前,与ago不同;在……前面表时间,地点(=in front of)只表地点long before 很久以前, before lone=very soon不久以后。
②It will be +一段时间+before+ 一般现在时/ it was +一段时间+before+一般过去时“多久
以后就……”
It will be two moths before we meet again.两周后人们才会再见面。
It was not long before I saw her again.不久以后我又见到了她。
He will be back before 7:00 this evening.
_____ she will be back home for her glasses. A. it is long before that B. it will be long before C. it won’t be long before D. it is before long that (D)
begin: 开始，begin with…以后…开始。
in the beginning 起初，当初；At the beginning of…
在……之初。
believe: 相信,认为(指相信某人的话=have faith in…但have faith in还有“信仰”之意.);believe in=trust in相信某人(人格,能力等),信奉; trust sb. 相信(某人的能力),believe+句子belong: vi.属于(无进行时和被动), belong to sb.
The pen doesn’t belong to ___. A. me B. mine (A)
China is a country belonging to the third world.
benefit: ①vt. benefit sb.对……有益,有益于②benefit from…从中得益③n.利益=goods=interests
The people in Jin Tang have benefited from Chengdu Wildlife World.= Chengdu Wildlife World has benefited the people in Jin Tang.
besides: ①“除……之外(还有……)”=as well as =in addition to,除去的内容包括在整体之内;
except: “除……之外(不再有)”,除去的内容不包含在整体之内,不位于句首; except for:除
去的内容与整体不同类; except + that/what等引导的句子; apart from:相当于but, except 和except for,但apart from不接句子和不定式; but=except, 但but后可接不定式(but前有do或choose 的形式省to,有help可省可不省to,否则不省to), except后可接句子,这时不能和其它几个转换, but for “要不是……”,用于虚拟语气中.
do you know any other foreign language besides English?
This is a good composition except for some mistakes.
He is a good student except that sometimes he comes late to school.
But for your help, I couldn’t have passed the exam.
We had no choice but to wait for her.
He could do nothing for me but give me a little money.
He could not choose anything but ____.
A. wait
B. to wait
C. waiting (A)
②adv.而且,另外=and another thing=in addition=moreover作插入语,常用“,”分开.
Besides, we should practice English every day.
beyond: prep.在…的那一边,超过(时间,地点,程度)beyond one’s understanding/power/dream/imagination/reach/hope
The question is beyond my understanding.
bit: ①a bit= a little+ adj./adv.一点, 一些I feel a little tired now. 但a bit of= a little+不可数名词, not a bit=not at all毫不; not a little =very much 非常
Aren’t you tired now? --- ___.Not a little . A. Yes B. No (A) 注意像这种否定疑
问句,还有否定转移句和前否后肯的反意句均要根据实际情况选择yes/no.
blame: vt./n.责备,责怪blame sth. on/upon sb.= blame sb. for sth.=lay/ put the blame 0n /upon sb.
for sth. 把……归咎于其人,因……而责备某人。
be blamed for (doing) sth.= be to blame
for… Who is to blame for breaking the window. (=Who will be blamed…)
区别：scold v./n 责骂，怒骂，训斥scold sb. for sth; punish v. 惩罚，痛击punish sb.
for sth. criticize: v.批评，批判，评论，criticize sb. for sth,; remark: 评论，谈论，remark on sth., remark about/at sb,;
book: book a ticket(room, hotel, seat), book sb. on sth.为某人订……; order:订购,定做……,点(菜,饭,饮料,票);reserve预定(座位,房间等)
bore: 使某人厌烦。
bore sb; bore sb. to death; be bored with=be tired of= be fed up with…厌倦……;bored:厌烦的;boring:令人厌烦的。
borrow: 借进，borrow sth from…; lend:借出lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth; borrow 和lend都是终止性动词，延续性用keep. How long can I ____your book? A. keep B. borrow C. lend (A) both: adj./ pron.两者都，用在否定句中和all, everyon等表部分否定。
both…and…, 反义用neither…nor…; all:多者都，all of the students= all the students≠all students,反义用none of…; every akj.每个，多者中的每个；each: akj./ pron.每个，两个或多个中的每个；
either: adj./ pron.两个中的任何一个；any: adj./ pron.多个中的任何一个。
____ a pair of new shoes. A. We each has B. Each of us have C. We each have (C break: ①vt.打破，打碎，打断，违反，break an agreement/ appointment, break the law/glass
②vi./n.（天）破晓，破产（工作，课间）休息。
have a break
③ break away from…脱身，摆脱，脱离，放弃；break down: vt./vi打破，破除，坍塌，
抛锚，（计划）不成功，（身体）垮，分解，拆散（机器）；break in闯入，打断(on/upon…), don’t break in on their conversation. Break into…闯入，突然……起来, break/ burst into
tears/ laughter= burst out crying/ laughing; break into piece(使)成碎片; break off:突然停止,解除; break out vi. 爆发; break through:突围,冲破; break up:瓦解,驱散,分散,(学校)放假;
break (up)with与……断交,戒掉。
If he continues to work like this, sooner or later he will ____.
A.break off
B. break down
C. break out
D. break up (B)
breakthrough n.突破，冲破防线；突破性的发现，成就made a great breakthrough in…在…
取得突破。
bring:①带来，对说话者而言；take 带走；get =fetch 去拿来,carry远走（指教重的东西，无方向）dcarry on (with)= go on with= continue (with)…继续……。
②bring in引进，吸收；bring about=cause/lead to/result in 带来，导致;bring up 培养，
呕吐，提高；bring down vt.击落，降低（温度，物价）=cut (down)=reduce=lower, 反义bring up=raise=increase,而go up= rise=grow=increase vi.; bring on使发展，使前进；bring out 拿出(=take/get out);使显出，出版(=put out/publish vt. come out vi.); bring forward=come up with=put forward=raise提出we should bring in high-tech from developed countries. broad: adj. Broaden: vt. Broaden one’s horizons/sight: enlarge one’s knowledge.
build: ①建造，建立，建设，修建，build one’s body, build socialism, build a state/ a party, build 用修建较大的工程；make:造较小的东西；put up:建造竖立的东西。
不能说put up a reservoir/ a road/ a railway等；set up: 建立，含机构的组建，set up a school/ a hospital/ a country.
②build on/ upon:依靠，指望don’t build on his promise. build …on…≈base…on…
把……建立于……He often builds his hopes on others’ promises.他常把希望寄托在别人的诺言上。
Build up:逐步建立起来，He built up one’s business /reputation.逐渐做大生意/逐渐出名。
burn: 燃烧，烧伤，炼制，晒，辣burn gas,烧煤气,get burnt/prepared/hort 烧伤，晒伤，burnbricks 烧砖，I burned my tongue with peppers.
burn down=burn sth. to the ground把……烧成平地。
burn up: 烧起来，烧掉，消耗掉；
burnout: vi/ vt.熄灭，燃料用完。
burst: 破裂，爆炸，宛然发生，the hall burst into thunderous cheers. 大厅里爆发出的欢呼声。
burst into tears/ laughter= burst lout crying /laughing突然大哭起来，burst with anger勃然大怒，burst into the room= break into the room,闯入房间。
busy: a.忙（碌）的。
be busy with sth.= be occupied with…忙于……; be busy doing…=be occupied in doing…忙于做……。
but : ①若不,除非but for+名词=but +that +句子: “要不是”,主名用虚拟语气,用过去完成时表过去;一般过去了是表现在。
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work. =I wouldn’t have finished the work but that you helped me.= if you had’t helped me, I would’t…
②but:并列连词，指前后两者相反，位于句首;however: 副词，位于句中或句末，用逗号
分开，但作连词时等于no matter how，引导让步状语从句；while:然而，仅次于句首，但表并列关系；though: adjv.仅次于句末，用逗号分开。
I like English, but my brother likes maths.=I like English. However, my brother likes maths.=I like English. My brother likes maths, though.≈I like English, while my brother likes maths.
He is a good student, ____he is working hard. (B)
He is a good student,____ he isn’t working hard.(A)
He is a good student. He is working hard, ____ (D)
A. but
B. while
C. however
D. though
③除之外bu t≈except(见besides）④仅仅=only
⑤but后可接不定式（but前有do, choose的动词形式省to,有help可省可不省to,否则不
省to）,except后可接句子，这时不能转换cannot but do sth.= can’t choose but do sth.不得不做……he has no choice but to give in.
by: ①在……旁,(远近关系: beside＜b y＜near)
②经,由,经过……的旁边,用,通过(方式,手段等,不用冠词,不用复数) come by water/ car/
train
③不迟于,到…为止,注意时态:到过去某一时间为止,用过去完成时或一般过去时;到将来某
个时间为止用一般将来时或将来完成时。
We will have finished the work by the end of next month.
They had finished the work by the end of last month.
By the time he was ten, he had learned three foreign languages.
④按，根据，以……计What’s the time by your watch? They’ll be p[aid by the hour. (by the ton,
by the month, by time, by weight)
⑤相差He missed the train by ten minutes.
The number of the students in our school increased by 30%.
⑥one by one.一个一个地, two by two两个两个地; by and by不久以后; by far(修饰比
较级’最高级,强调数量’程度)……得多,最……He is more careful by far than the others in his class and he is also by far the tallest student among them. by the way顺便说一下; by oneself=alone=on one’s own单独地
C
call: ①叫唤,叫,称呼,召集,打电话,拜访call sb sth. call a spade a spade.说啥是啥，直言不讳；
We call the fat boy “meatball”call sb. (up)=ring sb. (up)=telephone sb.=give sb. a
call/ring=make a phone/call to sb.给某人打电话。
receive/get a long-distance phone from
sb.接到某人的长途电话。
②call on sb./at sw.拜访……drop in on sb./at sw.顺便拜访, visit sb./ sw.=pay a visit to
sb./sw.拜访(较正式), see sb.看望某人; call back收回,回电话; call for: 需要(=need), 提倡,邀约, call for sb. to go to the cinema约某人去看电影, call for help呼救; call in: 请(=send for) call in a doctor请医生; call off:把……叫走,取消。
The football match was called off on account of the weather. Call on:号召，拜访call on sb. to do sth;号召某人做；on call:随叫随到的，待命的，随时可支取的。
He has a lot of money on call at any time.
care:①n.小心，谨慎，关怀，take care (of)=be careful (of) =look out (for) =watch out (for).
②管理under the care of sb.由某人负责/管理。
n ③. care for:担心，关怀，照顾，喜欢，愿意，care for one’s safety, care for the younger generation, care for the football game; care about:讲究，关心(=be concerned about= care for).
care about one’s clothes; take care of:照顾，照料(=care for=look after).保管；leave…in one’s care:把……交由某人照管。
④care: v. care+句子。
I don’t care who will get the prize.
⑤careful adj. carefully adv. be careful with your work.对工作仔细，Be careful of your
⑥health.当心你的身体。
