高中英语情态动词的用法详解

高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习

A: can / could = be able to

1 表示能力两种时态can (could)，其他时态要用be able to的形式

He can speak French.

Was/were able to 可以表示成功做成某事的含义* managed to do / succeede d in doing

With our help, he was able to build the house.

2 表示请求或许可Could 比Can 更加客气* may

Can I go now Yes, you can.

3 表示推测或可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句

Can he be at school？

Today is Sunday. He can't be at school.

Can’t couldn’t/ Can Could have done

There is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed？

She can’t have gone to school----- it’s Sunday.

Could have done 可用在肯定句中表示过去存在的可能性* may have done She could have gone out with some friends yesterday.

Could have done 可以表示虚拟语气

某事可能发生（并没有发生）

It was silly to throw the TV out of the window. It could have hit somebody. 批评某人没有完成某事(本可以做某事)

You are late again. You could have got up earlier.

4 can 表示客观上的可能性*

Anybody can make mistakes.

B: may and might

1 表示请求和允许类似用法can could(更加口语化)

May I watch TV now Yes, you may.

2 表示可能性; 猜测might比may更加不确定may/might have done 对过去的揣测*

He may be busy these days.

May not 可能不；不可能；一定不可

3 表示祝愿Wish you success!

May you succeed!*

C: must and have to

1 表示必须；一定要可以用have to 代替

must 现在；将来的必须而且是主观看法*

have to 有多种时态而且强调客观情况

I really must stop smoking now.

I had to leave early because I wasn’t feeling well.

Must I come here？

Yes, you mus t. No, you needn’t. needn’t / don’t have to must not 一定不

能做某事mustn’t

2 must 表示推测意思非常肯定“一定是”“一定会”

It must be raining outside.

Must have done 对过去/完成的推测* must have done, didn’t / hasn’t

Must be doing 推测现在正在进行

He must have gone over the article, hasn’t he？

It must have rained last night, didn’t it

D: need and dare 过去时dared

情态动词和实意动词的区别

A 人称变化

B do / to do

C 直接否定/ 间接否定can work

Need /dare 肯定句中，实义动词

She needs to do it. I dare to do it.

使用在否定句,疑问句中，情态动词，实义动词。

I dare not do it. I don’t dare (to) do i t.

I need not do it. I don’t need to do it.

1 need 情态动词无时态；人称的变化多用于疑问句和否定句

You needn’t try to explain.

Needn’t = don’t have to

Needn’t have done sth 过去本不必做某事* 虚拟语气

2 need 实义动词有时态；人称的变化后接to do You need to tell us the t ruth.

The car needs repairing. The car needs to be repaired.

3 dare 情态动词过去时dared 无人称的变化多用在疑问句和否定句

Dare he tell them what he knows？

4 dare 实义动词有时态；人称的变化后接to do

用于疑问句和否定句时其后的to 有时可省略

Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall

E: will and would

1 表示征求对方(第二人称)意见或询问对方意愿would 比will 更客气委婉

Will you have some more wine？

Would you mind my smoking here？

2 will 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向would 表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向Fish will die out of water.

When I was young, I would play badminton on Sundays.

Would 与used to 的区别*

Would 只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态

Used to 既可表示动作也可表示状态, 强调现在不如此

He used to be a university student.

3 will 表示意愿决心

I will never do that again.

F: shall, should and ought to

1 shall 在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求用于第一，三人称