必修1：F r i e n d s h i p P 11.be good to … 对…好,对…和蔼,对…友好Why can't she be good to her sister为什么她不能对她姐姐好点2.survey 调查✧ a survey of 对…的调查,关于…的调查a survey of US businesses 对美国企业的调查✧survey shows/reveals that调查显示…The survey showed that Britain’s trees are in good heal th. 调查显示英国的树木状况良好;✧carry out/conduct a survey =do a survey进行调查✧We conducted a survey of parents in the village. 我们对这个村子的孩子父母作了一次调查;3.add 添加、增加、计算、相加✧add sth to sth 把…加入…中Do you want to add your name to the list 你想把你的名字加到名单里吗✧add sth and sth together 把…和…相加;Add 7 and 5 to make 12. 7加5得12;✧add to something 增加✧What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所为增加了我们的困难;✧add up to 总计,加起来等于The cost added up to 100 million yuan. 费用总计达一亿元;4.until✧直到…为止The ticket is valid until March. 这张票的有效期一直到 3 月份;He waited until she had finished speaking. 他一直等到她讲完;✧not until直到…才〔用于强调某事在某个具体的时刻或者另一件事发生以前没有发生〕✧It was not until 1972 that the war finally came to an end. 直到 1972 年战争才终于结束;5.finish 停止✧finish doing sth 停止做某事停下正在做的事情✧I finished typing the report just minutes before it was due. 我在截止时间前几分钟才把报告打完;✧finish+ with以…为结尾The party finished with a song. 聚会以一首合唱结束;6.help 帮助✧help sb with sth帮助某人某事Can I help you with the washing up 我来帮你洗碗好吗My father said he’s going to help me with the fees. 父亲说费用问题他会帮我解决的;✧help sb to do sthI helped her to carry her cases up the stairs. 我帮她把箱子拎上了楼;She helped him choose some new clothes. 她帮他挑了一些新衣服;✧help to do sthShe was coming to help clean the machines. 她要来帮忙擦洗机器;7.plan n.计划、打算；vi & vt 计划、筹划、打算planning, planned, planned✧n.计划、打算；plan for…,…的计划有时候也会用介词ofHis plan is to work abroad for a year. 他计划去国外工作一年;Do you have any plans for the weekend 你周末有什么打算✧make a plan / make plans 做计划、制定计划、筹备；Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding. 玛丽一直在忙着筹划她的婚礼;✧carry out a plan=do what has been planned 实施计划They were arrested before they could carry out their plans. 他们在实施计划之前就被逮捕了;✧plan to do sth 计划去做某事/打算去做某事/谋划去做某事Maria didn’t plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident. 玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜,那是个意外;8.get vi & vt 获得、到达、收到、购买、取得…getting, got, gotten✧使某事发生在某人身上/某物上get it repairedYou’re going to get us all killed 你会让我们都没命的Don’t get yourself burned. 别烫到自己;9.upset✧adj. 心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的I was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me. 我很心烦,因为我的一个好朋友对我非常无礼;✧be upset aboutShe was deeply upset about the way her father treated her. 父亲那样对她,她非常难过;✧upset thatDebbie was upset that he didn’t spend more time with her. 他没有花更多的时间陪自己,黛比觉得不快;✧be upset with sb生某人的气,对某人感到不快You’re not still upset with me, are you 你不是还在生我的气吧✧ vt.使某人生气；使生气；使心烦意乱Don’t do anything that would up set him. 别做惹他生气的事情;His cheating in the exam upset his teacher. 他在考试中作弊,这使他的老师很生气;10.ignore vt.忽视、忽略、不理睬You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. 你不能无视很多罪犯从未获刑的事实;The phone rang, but she ignored it. 电话铃响了,但她只当没听见;11.calm adj. 静的、平静的、沉着的；n. 平静、宁静；vi & vt 使平静Glen was calm and composed at the funeral. 格伦在葬礼上表现得平静而镇定;✧remain/stay/keep calm 保持镇静、保持平静；I tried to stay calm and just ignore him. 我尽量保持镇定,不去理睬他;✧the calm before the storm n.平静暴风雨前的平静〔指激烈争论或严重问题出现前短暂的平静局面〕✧calm down恢复平静,恢复正常; calm sb down 使某人平静下来It took months for things to calm down after we had the baby. 我们有了宝宝后过了好几个月,家里的一切才恢复正常;She lit a cigarette to calm herself down. 她点了支烟,使自己平静下来;12.have got to do 必须,不得不；Have you got to go now 你非得现在走吗辨析：have got to 和have to的区别1)在表示一次性动作时,两者可以互换;I havegotto be back by 10 o’clock. 我十点前必须回来;2)当表示习气性动作时,特别是句子中有表示经常性的副词always、often等,则用have to, 而不用have got toI often have to get up at 5. 我常常要五点起床;3)have got to 几乎不用在过去时态中;In order to catch you, I had to walk very fast.为了赶上你,我不得不走得很快才行;4)have to 在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完成体结构中,而have got to 不行;I shall have to help him as much as I can. 我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他;7.plan n.计划、打算；vi & vt 计划、筹划、打算planning, planned, planned✧n.计划、打算；plan for…, …的计划有时候也会用介词ofHis plan is to work abroad for a year. 他计划去国外工作一年;Do you have any plans for the weekend 你周末有什么打算✧make a plan / make plans 做计划、制定计划、筹备；Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding. 玛丽一直在忙着筹划她的婚礼;✧carry out a plan=do what has been planned 实施计划They were arrested before they could carry out their plans. 他们在实施计划之前就被逮捕了;✧plan to do sth 计划去做某事/打算去做某事/谋划去做某事Maria didn’t plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident. 玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜,那是个意外;8.get vi & vt 获得、到达、收到、购买、取得…getting, got, gotten✧使某事发生在某人身上/某物上get it repairedYou’re going to get us all killed 你会让我们都没命的D on’t get yourself burned. 别烫到自己;9.upset✧adj. 心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的I was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me. 我很心烦,因为我的一个好朋友对我非常无礼;✧be upset aboutShe was deeply upset about the way her father treated her. 父亲那样对她,她非常难过;✧upset thatDebbie was upset that he didn’t spend more time with her. 他没有花更多的时间陪自己,黛比觉得不快;✧be upset with sb生某人的气,对某人感到不快You’re not still upset with me, are you 你不是还在生我的气吧✧ vt.使某人生气；使生气；使心烦意乱Don’t do anything that would upset him. 别做惹他生气的事情;His cheating in the exam upset his teacher. 他在考试中作弊,这使他的老师很生气;10.ignore vt.忽视、忽略、不理睬You can’t ignore the fact that many criminals never go to prison. 你不能无视很多罪犯从未获刑的事实;The phone rang, but she ignored it. 电话铃响了,但她只当没听见;11.calm adj. 静的、平静的、沉着的；n. 平静、宁静；vi & vt 使平静Glen was calm and composed at the funeral. 格伦在葬礼上表现得平静而镇定;✧remain/stay/keep calm 保持镇静、保持平静；I tried to stay calm and just ignore him. 我尽量保持镇定,不去理睬他;✧the calm before the storm n.平静暴风雨前的平静〔指激烈争论或严重问题出现前短暂的平静局面〕✧calm down恢复平静,恢复正常; calm sb down 使某人平静下来It took months for things to calm down after we had the baby. 我们有了宝宝后过了好几个月,家里的一切才恢复正常;She lit a cigarette to calm herself down. 她点了支烟,使自己平静下来;12.have got to do 必须,不得不；Have you got to go now 你非得现在走吗辨析：have got to 和have to的区别5)在表示一次性动作时,两者可以互换;I havegotto be back by 10 o’clock. 我十点前必须回来;6)当表示习气性动作时,特别是句子中有表示经常性的副词always、often等,则用have to, 而不用have got toI often have to get up at 5. 我常常要五点起床;7)have got to 几乎不用在过去时态中;In order to catch you, I had to walk very fast.为了赶上你,我不得不走得很快才行;8)have to 在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完成体结构中,而have got to 不行;I shall have to help him as much as I can. 我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他;13.be concerned about sb 关心某人He knows that you are always concerned about him. 他知道你一直关心他;14.take care of 照顾、照看、负责take, took, takenWe only have one earth, so we need to take care of her. 我们只有一个地球,所以我们必须要好好的照顾她; 15.walk the dog 遛狗She has to walk the dog every morning. 她每天早晨不得不遛狗;She had to walk the dog every morning last year. 去年,她每天早晨都不得不遛狗;16.take an exam 参加考试；take the end-of-term exam 参加期末考试When can I take an exam 我什么时间参加考试ugh at 取笑、嘲笑The suggestion he made was laughed at by the committee. 他提出的建议遭到了委员会的嘲笑;18.go through经历、经受或通过、经过、穿过✧He was going through a very difficult time. 他在经历一段非常艰难的时期;✧You must go through customs in order to pass across the border. 你要过境, 就必须在海关办理手续;19.set down 记下、放下、登记Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life. 老瓦尔特正在写他的乡村生活回忆录;Top priority for me is getting him off this plane so I can finally set down my gun.现在对于我来说最要紧的事就是让他下飞机,这样我就能放下我的枪了;20.a series of 一系列、一连串We learn language through a series of prompts and feedback.我们通过一系列的提示和反馈学习语言;21.want to do sth; want sb to do sth; want sth doneI want to go shopping tomorrow morning. 明天上午我想去购物;I want you to find out what they’re planning. 我要你查明他们有什么计划;I want that letter typed today. 我要那封信今天就打好;22.since✧自从…以来,就一直…通常与主句中完成式连用We’ve been waiting here since two o’clock. 我们从两点钟开始就在这里等了;I haven’t played rugby since I left university. 我大学毕业后就没打过橄榄球;She left London ten years ago, and I haven’t seen her since. 她十年前离开伦敦,此后我再没有见过她;23.hide away 躲藏、隐藏 hid, hidden✧hide动词,away为副词,宾语为代词时应放在两者中间She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.她和她的家人躲了近二十五个月才被发现;As he didn’t want his sister to share his chocolate, he hid it away somewhere under the bed.因为他不想和妹妹分享巧克力,他把它藏在床下的某个地方了;24.on purpose 故意地✧反义短语：by accident/ by chance意外地,偶然地I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon.为了好好看看月亮,我故意醒着直到十一点半;Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose.灰姑娘故意把她的一只鞋子留在了台阶上;Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2000 years ago.火箭可能是在约两千多年前无意间被发明的;By chance I came across an article about her.很偶然地,我看到了一篇关于她的文章;25.in order to+ do 为了…✧否定形式：in order not to do sth…✧so as to 可与in order to 互换,作目的状语,但so as to 不能位于句首✧in order that/so that 引导目的状语从句,从句中常有情态动词can, may ,might, could 等,当主句和从句主语一致时,in order that / so that 可以和in order to/ so as to 互换;We got up early in order to/ so as to catch the early bus.=In order to catch the early bus, we got up early.=We got up early to catch the early bus.=We got up early in order that / so that we could catch the early bus.为了赶上早班车,我们起得很早;26.dare v. 敢于,胆敢✧dare 既可作为实意动词,也可作为情态动词；作实意动词时后面常接不定式to do sth, 在疑问句和否定句中to可省略,作情态动词使用时多用于否定句和疑问句;具体用法如下：✧肯定句中：实意动词dare to do sth 敢于做某事✧否定句中：实意动词：don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t dare to do sth 不敢做某事情态动词：daren’t/ daredn’t do sth✧疑问句中：实意动词：Do/ Does/ Did +主语+ dareto do sth情态动词：Dare / Dared + 主语+ do sthHe dares to speak English before his class. 他敢在同学面前说英语He doesn’t dare to speak English before his class. 他不敢再同学面前说英语;=He d aren’t speak English before his class.Does he dare to speak English before his class 他敢在同学面前说英语吗=Dare he speak English before his class27.happen vi. 发生；碰巧✧happen to do/ be doing/ have done/ be done 碰巧要做/正在做/做过/被做✧happen to sb 某人遇到；某人遭到✧It just so happen s that… 碰巧…✧happen作“发生、碰巧”时,都是不及物动词,也不能用于被动语态;此外,take place, break out, occur, comeabout 这些短语也都无被动语态;Five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.五个月前的一个傍晚,我碰巧在楼上,当时窗户是开着的;I happened to have seen the lost bike. 我碰巧见过那辆丢了的自行车;My mom tells me that I can’t control what happen to me.我妈妈告诉我,我控制不了发生在我身上的事;It just so happened that he was upstairs. = He happened to be upstairs.他碰巧在楼上;28.face to face 面对面✧face to face 短语作状语,用来修饰句子中的动词;✧“名词+介词+名词”结构的短语还有：shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩；back to back 背对背；side by side 肩并肩；step by step 逐步地；day after day 日复一日；year after year 年复一年；hand in hand 手牵手；arm in arm 臂挽臂；等等;✧face-to-face 是复合形容词,用来修饰名词,作定语;It’s better to talk with our friends face to face. 最好和我们的朋友面对面地交谈;The couple walked along the street side by side. 这对夫妻肩并肩沿着大街走;They went to a wonderful party yesterday. First, they danced face to face and then they had a face-to-face talk.29.no longer 不再✧no longer = not …any longer,表示时间上不再延续,修饰延续性动词;✧no more = not …any more,表示动作不再延续,数量不再增加或者程度不再加深,修饰非延续性动词;She no longer works here.= She doesn’t work here any longer. 她不在这里工作了;Time lost will return no more. = Time lost will not return any more. 失去的时间不会再回来;30.power n. 力量；能力；权力✧do everything in one’s power 尽全力做某事✧have the power to do sth 有做某事的能力✧be in power 执政,掌权强调状态✧come to power执政,掌权强调动作✧powerful adj. 有权势的,有能力的,有影响力的；反义：powerless adj. 无权的,无影响力的Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量;I will do everything in my power to help you. 我会尽全力帮助你;The president has the power to reject bills. 总统有权否决议案;31. 辨析：情态动词+ have done表示对过去事情的推测；注：虚拟语气中除外;1.could have done 可能做过某事表示比较肯定的推测/本能够做而未做2.may /might have done 可能做过某事表示不太确定的推测3.must have done 一定做过某事非常肯定4.can’t /couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事5.should have done = ought to have done本该做某事而未做6.shouldn’t have done = ought not to have done 本不该做某事却做了eg:史密斯先生不可能去了北京,因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了;Mr. Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.对不起,我迟到了,我本该早点给你打电话的;I am sorry for being late. I should have phoned you earlier.你昨天本不该把真相告诉他的;You shouldn’t have told him the truth yes terday.32. make + 宾语+ 宾补make 是使役动词,它的宾补用省略to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词和名词;注意：make后面的宾补不能用现在分词,即：make sb doing×;make后面的宾补为省略to的不定式时,即make sb do sth,在变为被动语态时,to要还原;Her mother made her stay at home.→She was made to stay at home by her mother.1.make sb/sth do sth = have/let sb/sth do sth 使某人/某物去做某事2.make sb/sth done = have sb/sth done 使某人/某事被…3.make sb/sth + adj. 使某人/某物…4.make sb/sth + n. 使某人/某物成为…eg:他让她日夜工作;He made her work day and night.她大声说以便自己的话被听清楚;She spoke loudly so that she could make herself heard clearly.她通过了考试,这使她的父母感到自豪;She passed the exam, which make her parents proud.我们让他当队长;We made him captain of the team.33. keep + 宾语+ 宾补此结构表示“使…保持…”,宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词;注意：keep 后面的宾补不能用不定式,即keep sb/sth to do sth ×;但是后面的宾补可以用现在分词,即keep sb/sth doing sth.eg:他喜欢开着窗户睡觉;He likes to keep the window open while sleeping.他总是使车保持良好状态;He always keeps the car in good condition.对不起,让你久等了; I am sorry to keep you waiting so long.多听少讲; Keep your mouth shut and your ears open.34. wonder vi&vt 疑惑、想知道、怀疑；u.n.对优美事物或新鲜事物惊叹、惊奇；c.n.奇事、奇观;1. I wonder if/whether…我不知是否…此句型表示有礼貌地询问某事或请求帮助,其中if/whether引导宾语从句;多用于口语中;eg.: 不知您能否帮我的忙;I wonder if/whether you can help me.我可不可以要一杯饮料I wonder if I might have a drink2. wonder + who/what/how/where引导的从句,表示：想知道…eg.: 我想知道詹姆斯的近况;I wonder how James is getting on.3.n.eg.: 看见长城,我们满怀惊叹;The sight of the Great Wall filled us with wonder.世界七大奇观the Seven Wonders of the World4.it’s no/small/little wonder that 并不奇怪,不足为奇eg.: 怪不得你头痛,你昨晚喝太多了;No wonder you’ve got a he adache, the amount you drank last night.5.it’s a wonder that令人惊奇的是eg.: 竟然没有人受伤,真是奇迹;It’s a wonder no one got hurt.35. There was a time when…曾经有一段时间…此句结构为：when 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a time, when 是关系副词,在从句中作时间状语;eg: 曾经有一段时间我很容易生气;There was a time when I became angry easily.曾经有一段时间我们幸福地生活在一起;There was a time we lived happily together.36. It/This/That +is/was +the first…/last time that +sb +现在完成时/过去完成时表示：这是某人第一次做…eg.: 这是我第一次看到这里;This/It is the first time that I have seen here.这是我第二次吃汉堡;This is the second time that I have eaten hamburgers.这是他第三次被警告有危险了;It was the third time that he had been warned of the danger.37. settle vi.定居；vt. 使定居、解决✧settle down 定居下来✧settle down todoingsth 安心做某事✧settler n. 移民eg.: 现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了;It’s tim e for you to settle your differences with your father.他们把当地人迁移到别处定居;They moved the local people and settled them in another place.毫无疑问这是解决问题的最佳方式;There is no doubt that it is the best way to settle the problem.他们开始认真讨论问题;They settled down to a serious discussion.38. suffer vi.遭受、患病；vt.遭受、忍受✧suffer from 受…的折磨、患…病✧suffer pain/hardship/punishment 遭受痛苦/艰难/惩罚✧sufferer n.受苦难者、患病者✧suffering n.肉体或者精神上的痛苦、苦难eg.: 她遭受孤独的折磨,但在那里她必须学会喜欢它;She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.他的腿受伤了,疼痛难忍;His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.人们极其痛苦;The suffering of the people was extreme.39. recover vi & vt. 恢复✧recover from 从…中恢复✧recovery n. 恢复eg.: 在这么脏的房间里,琳达怎么能从疾病中恢复过来呢How could Linda recover from her illness in this dirty room从一场重感冒中恢复过来花了他很长时间;It took a long time for her to recover from a bad cold.It took her a long time to recover from a bad cold.她突然什么都看不见了,但是很快就恢复了视力;She couldn’t see anything suddenly but sh e quickly recovered her sight.医生们确信他会完全康复;The doctors are confident he’ll make a full recovery.40. get/be tired of 对…厌烦✧get/be tired of 对…感到厌倦✧get/be tired from 因…感到疲惫✧tire sb out 使某人感到疲惫不堪eg.: 我已经厌倦了透过脏兮兮的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然了;I’ve got tire d of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.读书经常使我疲劳,有时筋疲力尽,但我不讨厌读书;I am often tired from reading and sometimes I am tired out, but I am not tired of it.41. have trouble with …和某人有矛盾；在某事上有麻烦have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 做某事有困难have trouble/difficulty/problems in doing sth. 做某事有困难eg.: 现在我跟班上同学有些矛盾;I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.我通常知道我想说什么,但是用语言表达出来却有困难;I often know what to say but have trouble in expressing it in words.让我说服她让步极其困难;I had the greatest difficulty in persuading her to give in.我们毫不费力就找到了那个房子;We had no difficulty in finding the house.42. get along with 与…和睦相处在陈述句中,along 后面可用well、badly、nicely等副词修饰;在特殊疑问句中用how 来对这些副词提问;例：How are you getting on with you study 你的学习怎么样✧get along/on with sb 同某人相处融洽✧get along/on with sth 谈及或问及工作情况进展、进步✧get around 传播、流传✧get down to doing sth 开始做某事✧get together 相聚✧get out of sth 摆脱责任或义务、逃避✧get up 站起、起身、起床✧get over 克服、完成eg.: 我跟我们班一个男生相处得很好;I’m getti ng along well with a boy in my class.除此之外,我们应该学会如何与其他人和睦相处;In addition,we should learn how to get along with others.这消息一传开,人们都往这地方赶来;When the news got around, people quickly headed for this place.你应该开始认真地做些练习了,不然你就要落在别的同学后面了;You should get down to some practice or the other students will leave you behind.43. fall in love 相爱、恋爱✧fall in love with sb 爱上某人✧be in love with sb 爱着某人eg.: 那个男孩和那个女孩相爱了;The boy and the girl fell in love.她一直爱着住在另一个小镇上的那个男孩;She is in love with the boy living in another town.She is in love with the boy who is living in another town.44. join in 参加✧join sb. 跟某人一起✧join the party/the army/the club 入党/参军/参加俱乐部✧join in sth/doing sth 加入某事/做某事✧join sb. in doing sth. 加入某人做某事eg.: 他们邀请我加入篮球比赛; They invited me to join in the basketball game.They invited me to join in the basketball game.她只是听,但是从来不参与; She listens but never joins in .She listens but never joins in.我甚至加入了当地的钓鱼俱乐部,并且开始参加每月一次的会议;I joined the local fishing club and started to attend the monthly meetings.I even joined the local fishing club and started to attend the monthly meetings.我的家人和我一同向您表示问候;My family joined me in giving/sending our regards to you.My family joined me in sending our regards to you.辨析：join通常指加入某个团体或组织,宾语常是party、army、club或sb;join in指参与到某项比赛、游戏或活动中;take part in 指参加群众性的活动,强调参加该活动并在其中发挥一定作用;attend 常指出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告等;。
