语法填空—动词类提示词的解题技巧
【真题感知】
1.It was raining lightly when I _______(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
2. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what___________(leave).
3.In the last few years, China ___________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.
4.We______________(leave) very early so we packed the night before.
5.The twins, who _____________(finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
6.Marty_________________(work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
【动词类填空提分技法1】（针对谓语动词）
1.甄别谓语非谓语，“分析句子”寻依据
（1）如果提示词为动词，若空格之前有主语且该句缺少谓语动词或空格后括号中的谓语动词与该句已经存在的谓语动词是并列关系，则是谓语动词。
（2）如果句子已有谓语动词，判断设空处动词与谓语动词是不是并列关系，如果不是并列关系，则该动词是非谓语动词。
2.判断时态与语态，“主动被动”辨是非
（1）解决时态问题3原则：时间状语、已有时态、语境。
（2）在确定时态后，再根据主语和谓语动词之间的主动和被动关系确定是否用被动语态。
3.把握主谓一致，“三个原则”需记清
寻找主谓一致的规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
只要把握这三个原则，就能准确判断谓语的单复数。
（1）单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；
（2）主语后面跟有with, together with, except, as well as, rather than等引导的短语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语。
（3）当两个主语有either..or…，neither…nor.., whether…or…, not only…but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
【考点归纳】
动词的时态
考点一：一般现在时态（动词用原形或第三人称单数）
规则1：表示知觉、感情、态度某种抽象的关系或者概念的词或者短语常用一般现在时，这类词有：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
规则2：在时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意If引导的条件状语从句中可以用will或shall表示意愿，不能表示时态。
e.g. If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be very pleased.
规则3：在make sure, see to it, mind, care, matter后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
e.g.: See to it that you are not late again.
考点二：现在进行时（am/is/are+v-ing）
规则1; 与always, often, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。
e.g. He is always helping others.
规则2：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时
（1）表示心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。
（2）表示存在状态的动词及短语：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on等。
（3）表示瞬时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。
（4）表示感官的动词：see, hear , notice, feel , smell, sound, taste, look等。
考点三：现在完成时（has/have+v-ed）
规则1：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或说话时刚刚完成的动作。
e.g. I have finished the report.
规则2：表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和for…或since…表述的一段时间状语连用。
e.g.： They have worked here since they left college.
规则3：表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用have/has been to; 表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用have /has gone to。
规则4：短暂动词（即瞬间动词）及短语如：join, lose, buy, borrow, lend, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out, take part in等，在完成时态中，肯定是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
e.g. He has joined the army for three years.（错误）
He joined the army three years ago.（正确）
He has been in the army for three years.（正确）
It is/has been three years since he joined the army.(正确)
规则5：下列句型中常用现在完成时：
（1）It is/has been +一段时间+since 从句（过去时）
（2）This /That/It is（will be） the first/second ….time that+现在完成时
（3）This/That/It is the best/worst/most+ adj...+that+现在完成时
考点四：一般过去时（V-ed或不规则变化）
规则1：常考固定句式
（1）It is high time that sb. did sth.“是某人该做某事的时候了….”
（2）“would rather + 主+ did+…”表示与现在事实相反的情况。
e.g. I would rather you came here tomorrow morning.
注意：一般过去时中的动作在过去某时间已经停止，只是强调过去的动作或状态，与现在没有任何关系。
考点五：过去进行时（were/was+v-ing）
规则1：表示过去计划、安排好的将来的动作（只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等）如：
e.g. He said that she was arriving the next day.
规则2：与always, often, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。
如
e.g.: She was always thinking of others instead of thinking of hersel
f.
考点六：过去完成时（had+v-ed）
过去完成时是一个相对的时态，考生做题时关键是看该动作是否发生在题干中所给的过去的动作或过去的时间之前，如果是就用过去完成时。
规则1：在by, by the end of, by the time, until, before后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
e.g. By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
规则2：表示“一…就…”的几个句型：hardly /scarcely …when（before）…; no sooner…than...。
e.g. No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
=We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
规则3：It/That/This was the first time/second/third/… time that(从句用过去完成时) e.g. It was the second time that he had been out with her.
考点七：一般将来时态（will/shall/be going to do）
规则1：表示一种趋向或习惯性动作。
如：
We’ll die without air or water.
规则2：表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, start, begin, leave等，用现在进行时表将来。
规则3：be going to do与will/shall do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别
(1) “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能“will/情态动词+动词原形”
e.g. Work hard, and you will pass the exam.
(2) be going to 表示现在打算最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备。
表将来，be going to不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表示意愿。
e.g. If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)
If it is fine, we are going to fishing。
（错误)
（3）be to do sth表示按计划约定或按职责、义务、要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
e.g. The meeting is to be held at 15:00 this afternoon.
(4) be about to do sth表客观上马上就要发生的事，后面不能接具体的时间状语。
e.g. Autumn harvest is about to start.
考点八：过去将来时（would do, was/were going to do）
规则1：表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作、状态或过去的意图打算（主要用于宾语从句中）。
e.g. She was sure she would succeed.
规则2：表示过去经常发生的动作。
e.g. When he was young, he would go swimming.
考点九：几种易混时态的辨析
1.一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关，而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。
e.g I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now) I have stayed in Beijing for five days and haven’t decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and don’t know where to go next.)
2.一般过去时和过去完成时
判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的时间点或动作1，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作2，并且判断该句是否强调动作2发生在动作1之前。
e.g. The mother I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.
动词的语态
考点一：不能用被动语态的几种情况。
规则1：表示状态的谓语动词及短语，如hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等，不能用于被动语态。
规则2：表示归属的动词及短语，如have, own, belong to 等，不能用于被动语态。
规则3：表示希望、意图的动词，如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等，不能用于被动语态。
考点二主动形式表被动意义。
规则1：当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后接形容词时；表示主语的某种属性特征的动词如：wash, clean, cut, read, sell, wear, write等后接状语修饰词well, smoothly等时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
e.g. These novels won’t sell well.
My pen writes smoothly.
规则2：want, require, need等后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。
规则3：be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
【单句填空练习】
1. He ______(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
2. One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ________ (find) that he had run out of salt.
3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car ________ (break) down near a remote village.
4.… I was certain she would like it because I ________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
5.… The exam, which was originally to be held in our classroom,______(change) to the library at the last minute.
6. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that_____________ (encourage) students to study abroad.
7. Father ____________ (leave) for London on business, upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.
8. The first time I saw Todd, he_________ (talk) to some students at the English corner.
9. As the most frequently spoken language in the world, Chinese _____________ (teach) in many schools in European.
10. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized ___________(leave) my book in the cafe.
11. More expressways___________________ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
12. Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ (bother) us.
13. Unless some extra money__________(find), the theatre will close.
14. Cathy is reading the note which_________(leave) in the drawer the other day.
15. I found the lecture hard to follow because it__________ (start) when I arrived.。
