《液压与气压传动》姜继海_宋锦春_高常识-第1-7章课后答案

第4版《液压与气压传动》课后习题答案第一章 习题1-1某液压油在大气压下的体积是50L ，当压力升高后其体积减少到49.9L ，设液压油的体积弹性模量Pa K 5107000⨯=，求压力升高值。

解：V Vp K ⋅∆∆-= Pa Pa V V K p 551014)(50)509.49(107000⨯=-⨯⨯-=∆⋅-=∆∴1-2用恩氏粘度计测得3/850m kg =ρ的某种液压油200mL 流过的时间s t 1531=。

20℃时200mL 蒸馏水流过的时间s t 512=。

问该液压油的E 0为多少？动力粘度)(s Pa ⋅μ为多少？运动粘度)/(2s m ν为多少？ 解：351153210===t t E s m s m E E v /1083.19)/(10)331.6331.7(10)31.631.7(2626600---⨯=⨯-⨯=⨯-= s Pa s Pa v ⋅⨯=⋅⨯⨯==-5610169.0)(1083.19850ρμ1-3如题1-3图示，容器A 内充满着3/900m kg =ρ的液体，汞U 形测压计的m s m h A 5.0,1==，求容器A 中心压力。

解：设B 、C 为等压面，容器A 中心压力为p A ，则：aC A A B cB p gh P p gZ p p p +=+==汞ρρ 得：a A A p gh p gZ +=+汞ρρ 容器A 中心的绝对压力为：Pa Pa p Z h g p aA A 55331031.2)(1001.1)5.0109.01106.13(81.9)(⨯=⨯+⨯⨯-⨯⨯⨯=+-=ρρ汞容器A 中心的相对压力为：Pa Pa Z h g p p A a A 533103.1))(5.0109.01106.13(81.9)(⨯=⨯⨯-⨯⨯⨯=-=-ρρ汞1-4 如题1-4图示，具有一定真空度的容器用一根管子倒置于一液面与大气相同的槽中，液体在管中上升的高度m h 5.0=，设液体的密度3/1000m kg =ρ，试求容器内的真空度。

2-16题
2-19题
1.69
液压与气压传动复习
第一章绪论（液压与气压传动的工作原理、液压与气压系统的组成、液压与气压传动的优缺点）
第二章流体力学基础（液体的粘度影响因素、理想液体、实际液体、液体在圆管中作层流的流量公式、雷诺数、水力半径、流态、三大方程）
第三章动力元件（液压泵的工作原理及其分类、容积式液压泵、油泵排量的脉动的影响因素、油泵输入、输出功率、液压泵配油盘上在压油窗口端开的三角形槽的作用）
第四章执行元件（分类、活塞缸、差动液压缸）
第五章控制调节元件（单向阀、换向阀、中位机能、电液换向阀其先导阀的中位机能、滑阀上加工的数条环形槽、溢流阀、减压阀、顺序阀、控制多缸顺序动作、调速阀；油雾器、空气压缩机、气压定值器，气动系统中分水滤气器、减压阀和油雾器常组合在一起使用，俗称气动三联件）第六章辅助元件
第七章传动回路
（压力控制回路、调压回路、换向回路、锁紧回路、调速回路、顺序动作回路）
第八章典型系统（组合机床动力滑台液压系统、YB32-200型液压机液压系统）。

《液压与气压传动》姜继海-宋锦春-高常识-第1-7章课后答案《液压与气压传动》姜继海宋锦春高常识-第1-7章课后答案1.1 液体传动有哪两种形式？它们的主要区别是什么？答：用液体作为工作介质来进行能量传递的传动方式被称之为液体传动。

按照其工作原理的不同，液体传动又可分为液压传动和液力传动，其中液压传动是利用在密封容器内液体的压力能来传递动力的；而液力传动则的利用液体的动能来传递动力的。

1.2 液压传动系统由哪几部分组成？各组成部分的作用是什么？答：（1）动力装置：动力装置是指能将原动机的机械能转换成为液压能的装置，它是液压系统的动力源。

（2）控制调节装置：其作用是用来控制和调节工作介质的流动方向、压力和流量，以保证执行元件和工作机构的工作要求。

（3）执行装置：是将液压能转换为机械能的装置，其作用是在工作介质的推动下输出力和速度（或转矩和转速），输出一定的功率以驱动工作机构做功。

（4）辅助装置：除以上装置外的其它元器件都被称为辅助装置，如油箱、过滤器、蓄能器、冷却器、管件、管接头以及各种信号转换器等。

它们是一些对完成主运动起辅助作用的元件，在系统中是必不可少的，对保证系统正常工作有着重要的作用。

（5）工作介质：工作介质指传动液体，在液压系统中通常使用液压油液作为工作介质。

1.3 液压传动的主要优缺点是什么？答：优点：（1）与电动机相比，在同等体积下，液压装置能产生出更大的动力，也就是说，在同等功率下，液压装置的体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑，即：它具有大的功率密度或力密度，力密度在这里指工作压力。

（2）液压传动容易做到对速度的无级调节，而且调速范围大，并且对速度的调节还可以在工作过程中进行。

（3）液压传动工作平稳，换向冲击小，便于实现频繁换向。

（4）液压传动易于实现过载保护，能实现自润滑，使用寿命长。

（5）液压传动易于实现自动化，可以很方便地对液体的流动方向、压力和流量进行调节和控制，并能很容易地和电气、电子控制或气压传动控制结合起来，实现复杂的运动和操作。

第1章绪论1-1什么是液压传动？什么是气压传动？参考答案：液压与气压传动的基本工作原理是相似的，都是以流体的压力能来传递动力的。

以液体（液压油）为工作介质，靠液体的压力能进行工作称为液压传动。

以压缩空气为工作介质，靠气体压力能进行工作的称为气压传动。

1-2液压与气压传动系统有哪几部分组成？各部分的作用是什么？参考答案：液压传动系统和气压传动系统主要有以下部分组成：（1）动力元件：液压泵或气源装置，其功能是将原电动机输入的机械能转换成流体的压力能，为系统提供动力。

（2）执行元件：液压缸或气缸、液压马达或气压马达，它们的功能是将流体的压力能转换成机械能，输出力和速度（或转矩和转速），以带动负载进行直线运动或旋转运动。

（3）控制元件：压力流量和方向控制阀，它们的作用是控制和调节系统中流体的压力、流量和流动方向，以保证执行元件达到所要求的输出力（或力矩）、运动速度和运动方向。

（4）辅助元件：保证系统正常工作所需要的辅助装置，包括管道、管接头、油箱或储气罐、过滤器和压力计等。

（5）传动介质：指传递能量的流体，即液压油或压缩空气。

1-3液压与气压传动主要优缺点有哪些？参考答案：液压传动的主要优点：在输出相同功率的条件下，液压转动装置体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑、惯性小、并且反应快。

可在运行过程中实现大范围的无级调速、且调节方便。

传动无间隙，运动平稳，能快速启动、制动和频繁换向。

操作简单，易于实现自动化，特别是与电子技术结合更易于实现各种自动控制和远距离操纵。

不需要减速器就可实现较大推力、力矩的传动。

易于实现过载保护，安全性好；采用矿物油作工作介质，滋润滑性好，故使用寿命长。

液压元件已是标准化、系列化、通用化产品、便于系统的设计、制造和推广应用。

液压传动的主要缺点：（1）油液的泄露、油液的可压缩性、油管的弹性变形会影响运动的传递正确性，故不宜用于精确传动比的场合。

（2）由于油液的粘度随温度而变，从而影响运动的稳定性，故不宜在温度变化范围较大的场合工作。

《液压与气压传动》习题解答第1章液压传动概述1、何谓液压传动？液压传动有哪两个工作特性？答:液压传动是以液体为工作介质，把原动机的机械能转化为液体的压力能, 通过控制元件将具有压力能的液体送到执行机构，由执行机构驱动负载实现所需的运动和动力，把液体的压力能再转变为工作机构所需的机械能，也就是说利用受压液体来传递运动和动力。

液压传动的工作特性是液压系统的工作压力取决于负载，液压缸的运动速度取决于流量。

2、液压传动系统有哪些主要组成部分？各部分的功用是什么？答：⑴动力装置：泵，将机械能转换成液体压力能的装置。

⑵执行装置：缸或马达，将液体压力能转换成机械能的装置。

⑶控制装置：阀，对液体的压力、流量和流动方向进行控制和调节的装置。

⑷辅助装置：对工作介质起到容纳、净化、润滑、消声和实现元件间连接等作用的装置。

⑸传动介质：液压油，传递能量。

3、液压传动与机械传动、电气传动相比有哪些优缺点？答：液压传动的优点：⑴输出力大,定位精度高、传动平稳，使用寿命长。

⑵容易实现无级调速，调速方便且调速范围大。

⑶容易实现过载保护和自动控制。

⑷机构简化和操作简单。

液压传动的缺点：⑴传动效率低，对温度变化敏感，实现定比传动困难。

⑵出现故障不易诊断。

⑶液压元件制造精度高，⑷油液易泄漏。

第2章液压传动的基础知识1、选用液压油有哪些基本要求？为保证液压系统正常运行，选用液压油要考虑哪些方面？答：选用液压油的基本要求：⑴粘温特性好，压缩性要小。

⑵润滑性能好，防锈、耐腐蚀性能好。

⑶抗泡沫、抗乳化性好。

⑷抗燃性能好。

选用液压油时考虑以下几个方而，⑴按工作机的类型选用。

⑵按液压泵的类型选用。

⑶按液压系统工作压力选用。

⑷考虑液压系统的环境温度。

⑸考虑液压系统的运动速度。

⑹选择合适的液压油品种。

2、油液污染冇何危害？应采取哪些措施防止油液污染？答：液压系统中污染物主要有固体颗粒、水、空气、化学物质、微生物等杂物。

英屮固体颗粒性污垢是引起污染危害的主要原因。

第一章习题答案1-1 填空题1.液压传动是以（液体）为传动介质，利用液体的（压力能）来实现运动和动力传递的一种传动方式。

2.液压传动必须在（密闭的容器内）进行，依靠液体的（压力）来传递动力，依靠（流量）来传递运动。

3.液压传动系统山（动力元件）、（执行元件）、（控制元件）、（辅助元件）和（工作介质）五部分组成。

4.在液压传动中，液压泵是（动力）元件，它将输入的（机械）能转换成（压力）能，向系统提供动力。

5. 在液压传动中，液压缸是（执行）元件，它将输入的（压力）能转换成（机械）能。

6.各种控制阀用以控制液压系统所需要的（油液压力）、（油液流量）和（油液流动方向），以保证执行元件实现各种不同的工作要求。

7.液压元件的图形符号只表示元件的（功能），不表示元件（结构）和（参数），以及连接口的实际位置和元件的（空间安装位置和传动过程）。

8.液压元件的图形符号在系统中均以元件的（常态位）表示。

1-2 判断题1.液压传动不易获得很大的力和转矩。

(X)2.液压传动装置工作平稳，能方便地实现无级调速，但不能快速起动、制动和频繁换向。

(X)3.液压传动与机械、电气传动相配合时，易实现较复杂的自动工作循环。

(✓)4.液压传动系统适宜在传动比要求严格的场合采用。

(X)第二章习题答案2-1 填空题1.液体受压力作用发生体积变化的性质称为液体的（可压缩性），可用（体积压缩系数）或（体积弹性模量）表示，体积压缩系数越大，液体的可压缩性越（大）；体积弹性模量越大，液体的可压缩性越（小）。

在液压传动中一般可认为液体是（不可压缩的）。

2.油液粘性用（粘度）表示；有（动力粘度）、（运动粘度）、（相对粘度）三种表示方法；计量单位m2/s是表示（运动）粘度的单位；l m2/s = (10心厘斯。

3.某一种牌号为L-HL22的普通液压油在40。

C时（运动）粘度的中心值为22厘斯(mm2/s)。

4.选择液压油时，主要考虑油的（粘度）。

（选项：成分、密度、粘度、可压缩性）5.当液压系统的工作压力高，环境温度高或运动速度较慢时，为了减少泄漏，宜选用粘度较（高）的液压油。

案及常考知识点姜继海优选版2-16题2-19题液压与气压传动复习第一章绪论（液压与气压传动的工作原理、液压与气压系统的组成、液压与气压传动的优缺点）第二章流体力学基础（液体的粘度影响因素、理想液体、实际液体、液体在圆管中作层流的流量公式、雷诺数、水力半径、流态、三大方程）第三章动力元件（液压泵的工作原理及其分类、容积式液压泵、油泵排量的脉动的影响因素、油泵输入、输出功率、液压泵配油盘上在压油窗口端开的三角形槽的作用）第四章执行元件（分类、活塞缸、差动液压缸）第五章控制调节元件（单向阀、换向阀、中位机能、电液换向阀其先导阀的中位机能、滑阀上加工的数条环形槽、溢流阀、减压阀、顺序阀、控制多缸顺序动作、调速阀；油雾器、空气压缩机、气压定值器，气动系统中分水滤气器、减压阀和油雾器常组合在一起使用，俗称气动三联件）第六章辅助元件第七章传动回路（压力控制回路、调压回路、换向回路、锁紧回路、调速回路、顺序动作回路）第八章典型系统（组合机床动力滑台液压系统、YB32-200型液压机液压系统）一、刚体的简单运动知识点总结1.刚体运动的最简单形式为平行移动和绕定轴转动。

2.刚体平行移动。

·刚体内任一直线段在运动过程中，始终与它的最初位置平行，此种运动称为刚体平行移动，或平移。

·刚体作平移时，刚体内各点的轨迹形状完全相同，各点的轨迹可能是直线，也可能是曲线。

·刚体作平移时，在同一瞬时刚体内各点的速度和加速度大小、方向都相同。

3.刚体绕定轴转动。

•刚体运动时，其中有两点保持不动，此运动称为刚体绕定轴转动，或转动。

•刚体的转动方程φ=f(t)表示刚体的位置随时间的变化规律。

•角速度ω表示刚体转动快慢程度和转向，是代数量，。

角速度也可以用矢量表示，。

•角加速度表示角速度对时间的变化率，是代数量，，当α与ω同号时，刚体作匀加速转动；当α与ω异号时，刚体作匀减速转动。

角加速度也可以用矢量表示，。

•绕定轴转动刚体上点的速度、加速度与角速度、角加速度的关系：。

液压与气压传动的课后习题答案第一章习题答案1-1 填空题1.液压传动是以（液体）为传动介质，利用液体的（压力能）来实现运动和动力传递的一种传动方式。

2.液压传动必须在（密闭的容器内）进行，依靠液体的（压力）来传递动力，依靠（流量）来传递运动。

3.液压传动系统由（动力元件）、（执行元件）、（控制元件）、（辅助元件）和（工作介质）五部分组成。

4.在液压传动中，液压泵是（动力）元件，它将输入的（机械）能转换成（压力）能，向系统提供动力。

5.在液压传动中，液压缸是（执行）元件，它将输入的（压力）能转换成（机械）能。

6.各种控制阀用以控制液压系统所需要的（油液压力）、（油液流量）和（油液流动方向），以保证执行元件实现各种不同的工作要求。

7.液压元件的图形符号只表示元件的（功能），不表示元件（结构）和（参数），以及连接口的实际位置和元件的（空间安装位置和传动过程）。

8.液压元件的图形符号在系统中均以元件的（常态位）表示。

1-2 判断题1.液压传动不易获得很大的力和转矩。

（×）2.液压传动装置工作平稳，能方便地实现无级调速，但不能快速起动、制动和频繁换向。

（×）3.液压传动与机械、电气传动相配合时，易实现较复杂的自动工作循环。

（√）4.液压传动系统适宜在传动比要求严格的场合采用。

（×）第二章习题答案2-1 填空题1．液体受压力作用发生体积变化的性质称为液体的（可压缩性），可用（体积压缩系数）或（体积弹性模量）表示，体积压缩系数越大，液体的可压缩性越（大）；体积弹性模量越大,液体的可压缩性越（小）。

在液压传动中一般可认为液体是（不可压缩的）。

2．油液粘性用（粘度）表示；有（动力粘度）、（运动粘度）、（相对粘度）三种表示方法；计量单位m2/s是表示（运动）粘度的单位；1m2/s ＝（106）厘斯。

3．某一种牌号为L-HL22的普通液压油在40o C时（运动）粘度的中心值为22厘斯(mm2/s)。

1-7章课后习题答案1. 学习指导与思考题1）学习要点1. 掌握液压传动的⼯作原理及组成。

2. 掌握⽓压传动系统的⼯作原理及组成。

3. 掌握液压传动和⽓压传动的特点。

4. 掌握液压元件的职能符号及规定。

5. 了解液压传动和⽓压传动的发展概况、应⽤情况及优、缺点。

6. 了解液压传动和⽓压传动的不同点。

2）填空题1. 液压系统由动⼒元件、执⾏元件、控制元件、辅助元件四个主要组成部分。

2. 液压传动是以液压油为传动介质，依靠液体的压⼒能来传递动⼒。

3. 液压系统⼯作时外界负荷越⼤，所需油液的压⼒也越⼤，反之亦然，负载为零，系统压⼒为零。

4. 活塞或⼯作台的运动速度取决于单位时间通过节流阀进⼊液压缸中油液的体积，流量越⼤，系统的速度越⼤，反之亦然。

流量为零，系统速度为零。

5. 液压元件的职能符号只表⽰元件的职能、控制⽅式及外部接⼝，不表⽰元件的结构、参数及连接⼝的实际位置和元件的安装位置。

6. 液压传动系统的传动⽐⽐机械传动的⼤，传动效率⽐机械传动的低。

7. 液压传动系统可以实现⽆级调速，过载保护。

8. 液压传动系统单位质量输出功率⼤，传动均匀平稳。

9. ⽓压传动系统介质费⽤低廉，不会造成环境污染。

3）判断题1. 液压传动不易获得很⼤的⼒和转矩。

（×）}2. 液压传动装置⼯作平稳，易于实现⽆级调速，但不能快速起动、制动和频繁换向。

(×)3.. 液压传动适宜在传动⽐要求严格的场合采⽤。

(×)4. 液压系统故障诊断⽅便、容易。

（×）5. 液压传动适宜于远距离传动。

（×）6. ⽓压传动能使⽓缸实现准确的速度控制和很⾼的定位精度。

（×）7. 液压与⽓压传动介质成本都很⾼。

（×）8. 液压传动可在⾼温下运⾏。

（×）9. ⽓压传动介质可以回收循环使⽤，故成本很低（×）4）选择题1. 液压系统的执⾏元件是（C ）。

]A．电动机 B.液压泵C．液压缸或液压马达 D.液压阀2. 液压系统中，液压泵属于（A ）。

液压与气压传动课后部分答题答案及常考知识点姜继海guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation2-16题guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve theconstruction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work graduallyinto the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation2-19题the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situationof system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTasks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiative and steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the "surrounding situation, pay attention to implementation" is the core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be "Gramophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementationguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series ofcode of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation1.69guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management,confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situationthe functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively beaddressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTasks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiative and steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the "surrounding situation, pay attention to implementation" is the core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be "Gramophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementationguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels.City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situationand the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to thesystem of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledgeof the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situationthe functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong;supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTasks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiative and steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the "surrounding situation, pay attention to implementation" is the core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be "Gramophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confinedto paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementationguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situationguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, strivingfor the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation 液压与气压传动复习第一章绪论(液压与气压传动的工作原理、液压与气压系统的组成、液压与气压传动的优缺点)第二章流体力学基础 (液体的粘度影响因素、理想液体、实际液体、液体在圆管中作层流的流量公式、雷诺数、水力半径、流态、三大方程)第三章动力元件(液压泵的工作原理及其分类、容积式液压泵、油泵排量的脉动的影响因素、油泵输入、输出功率、液压泵配油盘上在压油窗口端开的三角形槽的作用)第四章执行元件(分类、活塞缸、差动液压缸)第五章控制调节元件(单向阀、换向阀、中位机能、电液换向阀其先导阀的中位机能、滑阀上加工的数条环形槽、溢流阀、减压阀、顺序阀、控制多缸顺序动作、调速阀;油雾器、空气压缩机、气压定值器，气动系统中分水滤气器、减压阀和油雾器常组合在一起使用，俗称气动三联件) 第六章辅助元件第七章传动回路(压力控制回路、调压回路、换向回路、锁紧回路、调速回路、顺序动作回路) the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work ofguide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTasks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiative and steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the "surrounding situation, pay attention to implementation" is the core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be "Gramophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementationguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management,confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation 第八章典型系统(组合机床动力滑台液压系统、YB32-200型液压机液压系统)guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels.City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation。

第1章液压传动和流体力学基础1-1.液压系统通常都由哪些部分组成？各部分的主要作用是什么？答：液压系统由能源装置、执行装置、控制调节装置、辅助装置、工作介质五部分组成； 能源装置：将电机的机械能转换为液压油的压力能；执行装置：将液压油的压力能转换成机械能；控制调节装置：对液压系统中液压油的压力、流量、和流动方向进行控制和调节； 辅助装置：保证液压系统可靠和稳定地工作；工作介质：在液压系统中能量转换的介质。

1-2.选用液压油主要考虑哪些因素？答:1.主要考虑液压油的粘温特性。

2.液压系统的工作条件。

3.液压系统的工作环境4.综合经济分析。

5.液压系统的压力。

6.液压系统的温度和速度。

1-3.液压系统中压力的含义是什么？压力的单位是什么？答：液压系统中的压力实际上是指液压油的静压强，在液压传动与控制领域大家约定俗成的用压力代替静压强；单位是Pa （帕斯卡）或者N/m21-4.液压系统中液压是怎样形成的？压力的大小取决于什么？答：是由液压系统允许的情况下，液压油为克服系统中的各种阻力而达到的压力称之为液压；液压系统的工作压力取决于负载的大小；1-5.一个潜水员在海深300m 处工作,若海水密度ρ=1000kg/m3,问潜水员身体受到的静压力等于多少？解：静压力P=ρɡh=3×106Pa=3MPa1-6.图1-29所示液压千斤顶大活塞直径为120mm ，小活塞直径为10mm ，杠杆尺寸a=25mm,b=30mm 。

如果要顶起质量m=500kg 的重物，需要多大的力F ？解：假设小活塞收到的正压力为F 1 ()()N A A G F 3501.0412.045000221=•=•=ππ小大 由杠杆定理可得:()b a F a F +=•1因此F=16N1-7.说明连续性方程的本质是什么？他的物理意义是什么？答：其本质是质量守恒定律在流体力学中的应用；其物理意义是液体通过管道内任意通流截面的流量相等。

液压与气压传动YEYA YU QIYACHUANDONG习题详解XI TI XIANG JIE天津职业技术师范大学主审：孟庆国冯娜解题：机师1111班排版：郝祥兵目录§1 绪论 (3)1-1 (4)1-2 (4)1-3 (5)§2 液压流体力学基础 (5)2-1 (5)2-2 (6)2-3 (6)2-4 (7)2-5 (8)2-6 (8)2-7 (9)2-8 (10)2-9 (12)2-10 (12)2-11 (13)2-12 (15)2-13 (15)§3 液压泵 (16)3-1 (16)3-2 (17)3-3 (17)3-4 (17)3-5 (18)3-6 (18)3-7 (19)3-8 (19)3-9 (20)3-10 (21)3-11 (22)§4 液压马达与液压缸 (23)4-1 (23)4-2 (24)4-3 (25)4-4 (27)4-5 (28)4-6 (28)§5 液压控制阀 (30)5-1 (30)5-2 (30)5-3 (32)5-4 (32)5-5 (34)§6 液压辅助装置 (35)6-1 (35)6-2 (37)§7 液压基本回路 (39)7-1 (39)7-2 (39)7-3 (40)7-4 (40)7-5 (42)7-6 (43)7-7 (46)7-8 (47)§8 典型液压系统 (48)8-1 (48)8-2 (53)§10 气压传动基础知识 (54)10-1 (54)10-3 (54)10-4 (55)10-5 (55)10-6 (57)10-7 (57)第一章绪论1-1液压传动，与机械传动相比，有哪些优缺点？列举所熟悉的液压传动应用实例。

优点：（1）能在运行过程中进行无极调速，调速方便，调速范围比较大。

（2）操纵简便，易于实现远距离操纵和自动控制。

（3）简化机器结构，减少零件数目。

第1章思考题和习题解1.1 液体传动有哪两种形式？它们的主要区别是什么？答：用液体作为工作介质来进行能量传递的传动方式被称之为液体传动。

按照其工作原理的不同，液体传动又可分为液压传动和液力传动，其中液压传动是利用在密封容器内液体的压力能来传递动力的；而液力传动则的利用液体流动的动能来传递动力的。

1.2 什么叫液压传动？液压传动所用的工作介质是什么？答：利用液体的压力能来传递动力的传动方式被称之为液压传动。

液压传动所用的工作介质是液体。

1.3 液压传动系统由哪几部分组成？各组成部分的作用是什么？答：（1）动力装置：动力装置是指能将原动机的机械能转换成为液压能的装置，它是液压系统的动力源。

（2）控制调节装置：其作用是用来控制和调节工作介质的流动方向、压力和流量，以保证执行元件和工作机构的工作要求。

（3）执行装置：是将液压能转换为机械能的装置，其作用是在工作介质的推动下输出力和速度（或转矩和转速），输出一定的功率以驱动工作机构做功。

（4）辅助装置：在液压系统中，除以上装置外的其它元器件都被称为辅助装置，如油箱、过滤器、蓄能器、冷却器、管件、管接头以及各种信号转换器等。

它们是一些对完成主运动起辅助作用的元件，在系统中是必不可少的，对保证系统正常工作有着重要的作用。

（5）工作介质：工作介质指用来传递能量的液体，在液压系统中通常使用液压油液作为工作介质。

1.4 液压传动的主要优缺点是什么？答：优点：（1）与电动机相比，在同等体积下，液压装置能产生出更大的动力，也就是说，在同等功率下，液压装置的体积小、重量轻、结构紧凑，即：它具有大的功率密度或力密度，力密度在这里指工作压力。

（2）液压传动容易做到对速度的无级调节，而且调速范围大，并且对速度的调节还可以在工作过程中进行。

（3）液压传动工作平稳，换向冲击小，便于实现频繁换向。

（4）液压传动易于实现过载保护，能实现自润滑，使用寿命长。

（5）液压传动易于实现自动化，可以很方便地对液体的流动方向、压力和流量进行调节和控制，并能很容易地和电气、电子控制或气压传动控制结合起来，实现复杂的运动和操作。