全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题

2002年上半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）(1)各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢英语（二）（课程代号：0015）part onei. vocabulary and structure (10 points,1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1. studies have shown _____ teenagers often suffer from depression.that which in which in that2. the party has failed to _____ the majority of voters that it is capable of governing the country.trust credit convince believe3. _____ driving around all daylooking for somewhere to pa rk, why don’t youtake a bus to town?in spite of rather than in place of other than4. the kids are ____ be hungry when they get home-they always are.obliged to bound to desired to motivated to5. all the characteristics that distinguish birds ____ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.to between for from6. when the city was _____, everyone knew that total defeat was certain.cut off cut down cut across cut out7. if we _____ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.hadn’t got didn’t get wouldn’t have got wouldn’t get8. in his composition there were no other errors _____ a few misspelled words.beside except then than9. in deciding _____ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.what to pursue which to pursuewhether to pursue if to pursue10. since we have a focused subject, we should not talk _____.at once at hand at intervals at randomii. cloze test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

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Ⅳ. 阅读理解。

认真阅读下列两篇短⽂，每篇短⽂后有5个问题，根据短⽂的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择⼀个正确答案，并将正确选项的字母写在答题纸的相应位置上。

(本⼤题共10⼩题，每⼩题1分，共10分)Read the two passages and answer the questions. (10 points)Passage 1In a class I teach for adults, I recently assigned the students to “go to someone you love within the next week and tell them you love them. It has to be someone you have never said those words to before or at least haven't shared those words with for a long time. ”At the beginning of our next class, I asked if someone wanted to share what happened when they told someone they loved them. I expected one of the women to volunteer, as was usually the case, but one of the men raised his hand. He appeared quite moved and a bit shaken.He began by saying,“Dennis, I was quite angry with you last week when you gave us this assignment. I didn't feel that I had anyone to say those words to, and besides, who were you to tell me to do something so personal? But as I was driving home my conscience started talking to me. It was telling me that I knew exactly who I needed to say ‘I love you’to . You see, five years age, my father and I had a vicious disagreement and never really resolved it ever since. We avoided seeing each other unless we absolutely had to at Christmas or other family gatherings. But even then, we hardly spoke to each other. So, by the time I got home I had convinced myself I was going to tell my father I loved him.“It's odd, but just making that decision seemed to lift a heavy load off my chest.“When I got home, 1 rushed into the house to tell my wife what I was going to do. When I finished, she hugged me, and for the first time in our married life she saw me cry, We stayed up half the night drinking coffee and talking. It was great.“The next morning I was up early and bright. I was so excited that I could hardly sleep. I got to the office early and accomplished more in two hours than I had the whole day before.“At 9:00 I called my dad to see if I could come over after work. When he answered the phone, I just said, ‘Dad, can I come over after work tonight? I have something to tell you’My dad responded reluctantly,‘Now what?’I assured him it wouldn't take long, so he finally agreed.“At 5:30, when I rang the doorbell of my parents' house, I prayed that Dad would answer the door, As luck would have it, he did.“I didn't waste any time—I took one step in the door and said, ‘Dad, I just came over to tell you that I love you. ’“Dad's face softened, the wrinkles seemed to disappear and he began to cry, He reached out and hugged me and said, ‘I love you too, son, but I've never been able to say it. ’“Mom came over with tears in her eyes. I waved and blew her a kiss, Dad and I hugged for a moment longer and then I left. I hadn't felt that great for a long time.“But that's not even my point. Two days after that visit, my dad, who had heart trouble but didn't tell me, had an attack and ended up in the hospital, unconscious. I don't know if he'll make it.“So my message to all of you in this class is this: Don’t wait to do the things that you know need to be done. Take the time to do what you need to do and do it now!51. To whom did the teacher assign the class to say, “I love you”?A. Their father of mother whom they had once fiercely disagreed with.B. An elderly member of their family they hadn't spoken to for a long time.C. Someone they loved but had never, or for a long time expressed their love.D. Their nearest and dearest whom they had offended but not yet apologized to.52. Why was the man angry with the teacher when the latter gave the class that assignment?A. The teacher treated adult students as if they were children.B. He felt that he didn't have to say these words to anyone he knew.C. He thought the teacher shouldn't tell the class to do such a thing.D. The assignment reminded him of something he felt guilty about.53. The man made up his mind to say to his father “I love you”afterA. he thought about the assignment.B. class while he was driving home.C. his anger with the teacher died down.D. he talked it over with his wife at home.54. “It's odd, but just making that decision seemed to lift a heavy load off my chest.” The sentence means thatA. the man was relieved of his guilty conscience because of the decision.B. though he didn't speak to his father the man had been worrying about him.C. the man had been suffering from lung disease since he quarrelled with his father.D. the vicious disagreement five years before had severely affected the old man's hear.55. If the man hadn't said those words to his father, he might have never had a chance to do it becauseA. shortly after that his father was taken to hospital.B. his father died of heart failure just two days later.C. his father lost consciousness and might never regain it.D. after a heart attack, his father couldn’t recognize anyone。

Ⅰ。

语法、词汇。

⽤适当的词填空。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出⼀个正确答案，并将正确选项的字母写在答题纸的相应位置上。

（本⼤题共25⼩题，每⼩题1分，共25分） Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. （25 points） 1. The platform would collapse if all of you _______on it.A. standB. stoodC. would standD. had stood 2. The old lady who saw the bus _______into the river phoned the police instantly.A. plungedB. to plungeC. was plungingD. plunge 3. Mary had to wait outside her house for her husband‘s return because she _______her key in the office.A. has leftB. leavesC. had leftD. left 4. I suggest that each of you_______ a plan for the overall revision.A. makeB. makesC. would makeD. made 5. It was _______ work of art that everyone was eager to have a look at it at the exhibition.A. such a rareB. a such rareC. a so rareD. so a rare 6. You may come with us to Florida for the winter _______ you don‘t mind the cost.A. unlessB. on conditionC. exceptD. if 7. The boat drifted along on the sea for a good hour _______ it was safely anchored at the dock.A. beforeB. whenC. afterD. while 8. I find _______ that with the development of science and technology the price of such gadgets as computers and mobile phones continues to drop.A. be reasonableB. it to be reasonableC. reasonableD. it reasonable 9. There is something wrong with my watch. It_______.A. need repairingB. needs repairingC. need to be repairedD. needs to repair 10. English is more extensively used now than any other language_______.A. ever wasB. had ever beenC. ever isD. has ever been 11.Some companies have introduced flexible working hours with less emphasis on pressure_______.A. than more on efficiencyB. than on efficiencyC. and more than efficiencyD. and more efficiency 12. Some people find that after their dieting is over they eat twice_______ they did before they went on a diet.A. as much asB. much thanC. as many asD. more than 13. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to her other children ，_______naturally made them jealous.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. which 14. Books require hard work and practice and， like sports， they can be both a _______ and a delight.A. encouragementB. dareC. challengeD. prodding 15. The weather is something that no one can control. It _______everyone in every part of the world.A. effectsB. affectsC. influencesD. impacts 16. The law _______ a citizen‘s obligations and rights.A. decidesB. designsC. definesD. determines 17. The bus driver warned passengers to _______ pickpockets.A. fight withB. guard againstC. break downD. keep an eye on 18. Poverty _______ children living in slums of the joys of childhood.A. deprivesB. deniesC. disposesD. dismisses 19. After the little boy recited a poem， his mother _______ him with a kiss.A. blessedB. rewardedC. awardedD. satisfied 20. The girl did some housekeeping for Mrs. Johnson _______ her room and board.A. for want ofB. for the sake ofC. in exchange forD. in change for 21. _______ on the sand， I watched the clouds and listened to the singing of the birds.A. LyingB. LayingC. LieD. Lay 22. The professor uses_______ words and expressions in his lectures.A. every dayB. every day‘sC. everydayD. everday‘s 23. A brother _______ not be a friend， but a friend will always treat you like a brother.A. mustB. shouldC. mayD. would 24. We do not need many researchers today；_______ we need are searchers.A. thatB. whatC. howD. which 25. At nightfall we stopped at a village， which _______ a small store and a few houses scattered here and there.A. made up ofB. filled withC. formed byD. consisted of Ⅱ。

全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题课程代码：00015PART ONEⅠ. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，将相应的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。

1. Make sure the label is firmly ______ to the parcel before you mail it.A. attributedB. accustomedC. adjustedD. attached2. ______leisure was generally considered a waste of time.A. Not until recentlyB. Not recentlyC. Until recentlyD. Recently until3. Man's greatest energy comes not from his physical strength ______ his dreams.A. except fromB. yet fromC. however fromD. but from4. It is ______ to avoid rich foods if you are feeling ill.A. senselessB. sensibleC. sentimentalD. sensitive5. If you are walking away from a clock tower, you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point ______ it cannotbe heard.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. how6. The moon turns round the earth, just ______ the earth circles round the sun.A. thereforeB. asC. thusD. so7. He said he was ______ the origin of the universe.A. speculating uponB. coinciding withC. putting into operationD. distinguishing between8. A good manager identifies the interest of his employees ______ his own.A. toB. withC. forD. between9. We have a ______ experience of continued living than any society that has preceded us anywhere.A. very more greaterB. very many greaterC. much more greaterD. very much greater10. While ______ your imagination, you should be alone and completely undisturbed .A. exercisingB. exercisesC. to exerciseD. exercisedⅡ. Cloze Test(10 points, 1 point for each item)在下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

全国2002年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(二)试题课程代码：00596全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题除外，并将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。

PART ONEⅠ.Directions: Match the words in Column A with their definitions in Column B. Write the letter of the answer to each word in Column A on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point for each)A B1.nuance A. the act of sending out2.originality B. the act of using force to compel people to do something3.cessation C.the quality of being a new type or different from others of the same type4.emission D. the state of being short of5.deficiency E. kind; having the desire to do good6.scrutiny F. a pause or a stopment G. subtle difference in meaning, color, feeling8.speculate H. careful and thorough examination; close study or look9.coercion I. to form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge10.benevolent J. to express sorrow forⅡ.Directions: Read each of the following sentences carefully, and choose A,B,C or D that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase. Write the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point for each)11.Still,despite all of the problems that exist, most Americans prefer the U.S. economic system overany other, as the results of poll after poll indicate.[A]riot [B]place where voting takes place[C]survey of public opinions [D]economic crisis12.Factories which used it had to be built on the banks of fast flowing streams, but these were oftenlocated in inaccessible, thinly populated areas, which made transportation of goods difficult. [A]unable to reach [B]remote[C]near [D]local13.These range from intangibles—something in the air, the international zeitgeist—to specificssuch as important designers' collections, exhibitions or popular films.[A]great contributions[B]something valuable[C]something that can not be touched or felt[D]something in one's dreams.14.Hunters have almost exterminated many of the larger animals like the bighorn sheep and thegrizzly bear.[A]wounded [B]diminished[C]destroyed completely [D]captured completely15.That is particularly significant, since in the past Dr.Owen has been a robust defender of thenuclear industry.[A]moral [B]victorious[C]notorious [D]vigorous16.Black,he said, was a convicted traitor. He had sent people to their death who were acting onbehalf of Britain's interests and he was making a profit out of it[A]determined[B]fierce[C]infamous[D]who has been tried in court and found guilty17.Reduced consumption of meat, increased use of new high protein food made from soybeans, anddevelopment of ocean resources for food are some alternatives that must be considered.[A]substitutes [B]choices[C]new types [D]latest creations18.This cosmic vista, seen in a photo released by the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration(NASA)two weeks ago, is the latest in a series of stunning images captured from the ends of the universe by the Hubble Space Telescope.[A]terrible films [B]unrealistic pictures[C]fake pictures [D]surprising pictures19.He made plain that he was looking for something more substantial than the “feel good”factorbased on inflationary pay claims and soaring house prices.[A]essential [B]scarce[C]needed [D]urgent20.Alcohol is also high in calories, but beer and wine contain some of the B vitamins and wine is agood source of iron, so even a teetotaler could not describe all alcohol as useless, nutritionally speaking.[A]vegetarian[B]person who never touches alcoholic drinks[C]alcoholic drinker[D]wine producerⅢ.Directions: Skim Passage 1 and read the statements given right after the passage and judge whether they are T rue or False. Write the corresponding answers on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point for each)Passage 11.Radio signals are still interfering with air traffic safety, a problem China's radio watchdog is working diligently to solve.2.The watchdog is focusing its attention on improperly placed antennae and paging(寻呼)stations, which are commonly located on high hills, towers and buildings.3.“The radio regulatory commissions nationwide are being asked to make technical checks and rational arrangements for the positioning of paging stations,”says Chen Jinxing, an official with the Ministry of Information Industry.4.“The initiative's(行动) purpose is to avoid inter-modulation(互相调制) interference and other signals from the transmitters(发射机) which may be harmful to air communications frequencies.”5.Paging stations' transmitters should be positioned at least 250 metres from each other,Chen said.6.A special investigation was conducted recently, in which 58 percent of China's 26,502 paging transmitters were examined and more than 770 radio-interference cases were dealt with.7.Negative effects of paging transmitters, although not eliminated, have diminished, noted ministry official Li Haiqing.8.Li was commenting on reports that some air communications frequencies in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region have been affected by paging stations along the mainland's coastal regions.9.A special panel(检查小组) of air communications experts was established earlier this year to co-ordinate activities of parties concerned.10.“In mid-October, Hong Kong officials reported the 121.00 MHz and 126.500 MHz frequenciesfor its eastern air routes were being interfered with,”panel member Zhong Y angfang said in Guangzhou.11.“We've taken technical measures in Shantou and Huizhou cities, the sources of the interferingsignals.”21.One of the problems that air traffic safety is facing is radio signals.22.The watchdog's main concern now is unsuitable positions of antennae and paging stations.23.One measure that the radio regulatory commissions take is to close some paging stations.24.If the distance between paging stations' transmitters is 160 meters, the signals sent out by thetransmitters could be safe for air traffic.25.The normal distance between two paging stations' transmitters is 250 meters.26.A special investigation has recently examined 26,502 paging transmitters.27.The negative effects of paging transmitters are now lessening.28.A special panel of air communications experts was established to look into the accidents causedby some paging stations.29.In the middle of October, the air signals for Hong Kong's eastern air routes were affected by the paging stations of Shantou and Huizhou.30.Air communications frequencies are crucial to air traffic safety.Ⅳ.Directions: Read Passages 2 and 3 and choose the correct answer. Write the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.(20 points,1 point for each)Passage 21.The snow surface may become extremely cold on a clear winter night, but below the surface the temperature may be many degrees warmer. This is because a snow blanket contains a lot of air, which is an effective insulator against heat conduction. For this reason, many small mammals live quite comfortably beneath a snow cover in winter, despite a climate above the snow severe enough to kill them. Shrews, tiny mammals whose metabolism is so high that they are almost never still, make tunnels under the snow when it is only an inch or two deep rather than dart about above the snow. Part of this may be for protection from predators, but part of it may be that the climate beneath the snow is more hospitable.2.Some animals make use of snowbanks for protection in heavy snowstorms. Grouse are known to fly from tree perches directly into a snowbank and remain there for the duration of a storm. If a glaze of ice happens to cover the snow after the storm and prevents the birds from digging out of their natural igloos, they may be trapped so long that they starve, suffocate or become prey for foxes and other predators that walk on top of the crust. But a snowbank has probably saved the lives of many birds and other animals in severe weather.3.Plants whose tender parts would be killed by extreme could often survive if they are insulated from the severe climate by an air-filled snow blanket. If a snowfall covers a boxwood hedge, forexample, its owner may be tempted to knock off the snow and thus keep the branches from breaking. However, it may be wise to leave a snow cover on such plants if only to protect them from extremes of temperature which might otherwise kill the plants.4.Besides safeguarding small mammals and some birds, a snow cover protects untold numbers of insects, worms, snails and many other small creatures in the soil. Without the snow blanket, soil temperatures in winter would plunge low enough to kill many of the organisms in it. Snow, however, prevents this. The lowest temperature is at the top of the snow cover, not at its base.31.In Paragraph 1 the word “severe”implies that the winter is _______.[A]rather dark [B]quite long[C]extremely cold [D]very windy32.Many small mammals like to live beneath a snow cover because _______.[A]above the snow there is no food[B]it is cooler there[C]it is comfortable there[D]it is warmer and safe there33.A grouse is probably a/an _______.[A]mammal [B]bird[C]insect [D]plant34.The word “predators”in the passage refers to _______.[A]animals killing and eating other animals for survival[B]human hunters[C]bigger birds[D]foxes35.What will probably happen to the birds if their natural igloos are covered by a glaze of ice?[A]They will stay underneath the snow comfortably.[B]They will probably try to dig out of their natural igloos.[C]They will probably wait there till they are killed.[D]They will probably be trapped so long that they starve or suffocate.36.When plants are covered by a snowfall, you’d better _______.[A]leave the snow cover on the plants[B]knock the snow off the plants[C]keep plants' leaves bare[D]cover plants with more snow37.Beneath a snow cover in winter _______.[A]worms and small creatures are frozen to death[B]some mammals are starved to death[C]many animals live comfortably[D]birds become prey for foxes38.What does “it”in Paragraph 4 refer to?[A]The snow blanket.[B]The soil.[C]The organism.[D]The temperature.39.Snow insulates against cold because _______.[A]it is thick [B]it is heavy[C]it is white [D]it contains air40.What would be a good title for this passage?[A]How Snow Forms a Blanket[B]Snow, a Blanket of Protection[C]Weather Patterns of Snow Storms[D]Snowy Regions of the NorthPassage 31.For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world(physical and biological sciences),and sciences dealing with mankind(psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge).In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to quench man's thirst for knowledge.2.What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world were of a certain kind, that he existed in the world and that he himself were of a certain kind, he wouldn't be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly human.3.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable results, but not the kind of results whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians.4.Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least idea that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later for people to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.5.Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.41.According to the passage, scientific knowledge includes _______.[A]mathematical sciences and natural sciences[B]sciences dealing with mankind[C]philosophy[D]all of the above42.The author does NOT include among the sciences the study of _______.[A]chemistry [B]psychology[C]economics [D]biology43.The word “quench”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.[A]satisfy [B]put down[C]stop [D]heighten44.According to the passage, what makes man different from animal is that _______.[A]man has knowledge and wants to get knowledge[B]man can make things[C]man has the ability of speaking[D]man is of a special kind45.In Paragraph 3 “pure knowledge”refers to _______.[A]practical application [B]applied sciences[C]theoretical sciences [D]technical progress46.The author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections contributed to the world in_______.[A]electrical technology [B]mathematics[C]literature [D]philosophy47.The first men studied the nature of electricity _______.[A]out of desire to learn something new[B]for the development of electrical technology[C]in order to do some experiments concerning electricity[D]so as to control electricity48.In Paragraph 4,the word “which”refers to _______.[A]the experiments [B]intellectual curiosity[C]modern electrical technology [D]the nature of electricity49.How many reasons were given in this passage to account for the value of pure science?[A]One. [B]Two.[C]Three. [D]Four.50.The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is _______.[A]The Relationship Between Theoretical Sciences and Applied Sciences[B]The Primary Importance of Theoretical Sciences[C]Man's Distinguishing Characteristics[D]The Difference between Science and PhilosophyⅤ.Directions: Passage 4 is taken from the TEXTBOOK. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. Write the corresponding letter of the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point for each)Passage 41.As spring comes to the rough Bering Sea and the gigantic ice floes begin to melt, the water becomes alive with migrating animals. Both whales, the graceful giants of the deep, and sleek, gray seals can be seen swimming northward through narrow channels in the shifting ice. These animals, which have long been threatened by encroaching civilization, may soon disappear from the Bering and other seas around the world unless protective measures are taken.2.For centuries whales, intelligent, air-breathing mammals, were abundant in the waters off the Alaskan coast; however, their isolated sanctuary was invaded by hunters in 1848 when an American whaling ship discovered the rich whaling area. During the next 60 years, whalers, in search of boneand oil, almost destroyed the entire whale population of the Bering Sea. Particularly harmed by the unrestricted commercial whaling were the slow-moving bowhead whales; so many of them were killed that the species never recovered. At present, the population of the bowhead is estimated at less than 3,000.According to many conservationists, it is the most endangered whale on earth.3.In an attempt to avoid the eradication of other whale species, countries interested in commercial whaling established the International Whaling Commission(IWC) in 1946.The IWC limits the number of whales that may be killed per year, and since 1973 the Commission has been steadily reducing its quotas. Today, only about seven countries still engage in commercial whaling. The reductions recommended by the IWC have brought loud cries of protest from countries with large whaling industries, especially Japan and the Soviet Union. These countries fear that their industries will not be able to survive such drastic cuts and that their national economies will suffer as a result. Although the IWC has no means of enforcing its regulations, since most whaling takes place in international waters, the Japanese and the Soviets are reluctant to ignore them. Previous decisions to disregard whale quotas resulted in costly boycotts of Japanese and Russian products by American conservationists.4.The IWC would like to ban hunting of the endangered bowhead; however, this proposal has created a great deal of controversy in the United States due to strong protests from Alaskan Eskimos. The natives of Alaska resent the attempt to take away their hunting right. For over 1,000 years, they have depended upon whales for the meat and raw materials necessary for survival in the Arctic. Present United States laws already strictly limit the number of whales that may be killed by each village; nevertheless, the population of the bowhead whale is critically low —perhaps too low to survive even minimal hunting by the Eskimos.5.Another animal of the Bering Sea that is faced with possible extinction is the northern fur seal, valued highly by hunters for its soft and durable fur. The Pribilof Islands,200 miles north of the Aleutian Islands off the Alaskan coast, are the seal's summer breeding grounds. For centuries the isolated islands have been the annual goal for thousands of migrating fur seals, some coming from as far south as the waters off southern California. The seals were undisturbed by humans until 1786 when the islands were discovered by Gerasim Pribilof, a Russian fur trader. Recognizing the potential profit, Pribilof immediately sent his men ashore with orders to kill as many seals as they could skin during the summer. Over the next fifty years,Russian hunters proceeded to kill an estimated 80 percent of the northern fur seal population, reducing to about 600,000 a herd that had probably numbered close to 3 million. This mass slaughter did not stop until the herd has decreased to the point where commercial hunting was no longer profitable.6.During the subsequent lull in hunting, the seal population made a good, although temporary, recovery. By the time the United States bought Alaska, including the Pribilof Islands, from Russia in 1867,the seal herd has increased to around 2.5 million. This recovery resulted in a revival of hunting on the islands and at sea; however, fur hunters from around the world shot at the animals indiscriminately, killing even pregnant and nursing females, and once again the species neared extinction.7.In 1911,only 200,000 seals remained when the United States, Japan, Russia, and Canada signed atreaty that forbade the killing of female seals. The agreement, which is still being followed today, saved the northern fur seal from immediate extinction.8.In the United States, a growing public awareness of these endangered species has caused a drop in the demand for seal fur and a ban on the importation of whale products; nevertheless, this spring hunters around the world will kill thousands of seals and whales. The furs of the seals will appear in stores as sealskin coats and gloves, and the whales will be transformed into such diverse products as steaks, soap, pet food, glue, crayons, and suntan lotion. Concerned individuals and conservationist groups, such as Greenpeace, continue to argue that it is absurd to use endangered species for such products, especially when suitable alternatives exist. Consequently, they are demanding that further restrictions be imposed on whale and seal hunting in the hopes that the 200-year exploitation of these animals by civilization will come to an end and that seals and whales will once again be allowed to roam the seas undisturbed.51.Whalers hunted whales before 1900 ______.[A]for their fur[B]for their bones and flesh[C]for their skin[D]for their bones and oil52. ______ were most endangered by the unrestricted commercial whaling in the Bering Sea.[A]Gray seals [B]Blue whales[C]Dolphins [D]Bowhead whales53.The IWC was established ______.[A]to protect sea animals from extinction[B]to protect whaling industry[C]to ensure that other whale species may not meet the same fate as bowhead whales[D]to protect bowhead whales from extinction54.How did American conservationists show their protest to Japan and the Soviet Union when thetwo countries decided to disregard whale quotas?[A]They charged them with disregard of whale quotas.[B]They placed boycotts on Japanese and Russian products.[C]They urged the two countries to observe the whale quotas.[D]They held demonstrations to show their protest.55.Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3?[A]The IWC has been steadily increasing its quotas.[B]Japan and the Soviet Union support large cuts in whale quotas.[C]The number of countries involved in commercial whaling has decreased.[D]Whaling industry will develop in the next decade.56.Alaskan Eskimos protested against the attempt to take away their hunting rights because______.[A]They wanted to make money on whaling[B]they lived on whales[C]they thought the attempt violated their rights[D]they needed whales for their bones57.What is implied in paragraphs 5 and 6?[A]If fur seals had lived in other places rather than in Bering Sea they would not have been killedin large number.[B]Fur seal hunters could make large profits from seal hunting before 1786.[C]Fur seal hunters could make large profits from 1786 to 1836.[D]The mass slaughter of fur seals stopped because commercial hunting was no longerprofitable.58.Fur seals neared extinction once again because ______.[A]hunters only shot pregnant and nursing seals for more money[B]hunters shot any fur seal they saw[C]hunters did not observe the IWC's regulations[D]hunters lived on them for food and raw materials59.The main idea expressed in paragraphs 5,6 and 7 is ______.[A]the uncertainty of fur seal's fate[B]the development of whale hunting industry[C]the mass slaughter of fur seals[D]the fate of fur seals in the hands of man60.This article tells us ______.[A]the reasons for hunting whales and seals[B]the consequences of whaling in Bering Sea[C]how man has endangered seals and whales[D]the IWC is not efficientPART TWOⅥ.Directions: The following questions are closely related to Passage 4.Write a brief answer(one to three complete sentences) to each of the questions on your ANSWER SHEET. Pay attention to the words, grammar and sentence structure in your answers.(15 points,3 points for each)61.Why has the reduction in whaling recommended by the IWC met with protest?62.Why was there a lot of hunting of fur seals in Bering Sea?63.How was the northern fur seal saved from immediate extinction?64.The public opinion in the U.S.A. has had some effect on the U.S. market for seal fur and whaleproducts. Use your own words to tell the effect.65.Why are individuals and conservationist groups concerned demanding that further restrictions beimposed on whale and seal hunting?Ⅶ.Directions: T ranslate the following sentences(taken from Passage 4) into Chinese and write the Chinese version in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET.(15 points,3 points for each)66.Both whales, the graceful giants of the deep, and sleek, gray seals can be seen swimmingnorthward through narrow channels in the shifting ice.67.Particularly harmed by the unrestricted commercial whaling were the slow moving bowheadwhales; so many of them were killed that the species never recovered.68.Although the IWC has no means of enforcing its regulations, since most whaling takes place ininternational waters, the Japanese and the Soviets are reluctant to ignore them.69.Present United States laws already strictly limit the number of whales that may be killed by eachvillage; nevertheless, the population of the bowhead whale is critically low—perhaps too low to survive even minimal hunting by the Eskimos.70.Recognizing the potential profit, Pribilof immediately sent his men ashore with orders to kill asmany seals as they could skin during the summer.Ⅷ.Directions: Scan Passage 5 and find the words which have roughly the meanings given below. Write the words in the corresponding space on your ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point for each)Note: The numbers in the brackets refer to the numbers of paragraphs in the passage.71.to meet with unexpectedly (1)72.to have an opportunity or right to do something (1)73.to provide enough room for (2)74.act of taking something to someone or some place (3)75.parts of something considered separately (3)76.able to be used (3)77.to stop before something has been completed (3)78.to manage (4)79.to continue to follow a course of action that has already started (4)80.to keep something for future use (5)Passage 51.Many users first encounter computer networks when they send or receive electronic mail(e-mail) to or from a remote site.E-mail is the most widely used application service. Indeed, many computer users access networks only through electronic mail.2.E-mail is popular because it offers a fast, convenient method of transferring information. E-mail can accommodate small notes or large voluminous memos with a single mechanism. It should not surprise you to learn that more users send files with electronic mail than with file transfer protocols.3.Mail delivery is a new concept because it differs fundamentally from other uses of networks that we have discussed. In all our examples, network protocols send packets directly to destination, using timeout and retransmission for individual segments if no acknowledgement returns.In the case of electronic mail, however, the system must provide for instances when the remote machine or the network connections have failed. A sender does not want to wait for the remote machine to become available before continuing work, nor does the user want the transfer to abort merely because communication with the remote machine becomes temporarily unavailable.4.To handle delayed delivery, mail systems use a technique known as spooling. When the user sends a mail message, the system places a copy in its private storage(spool)area along with identification of the sender, recipient, destination machine, and time of deposit. The system then initiates the transfer to the remote machine as a background activity, allowing the sender to proceed with other computational activities.5.The background mail transfer process becomes a client. The process first uses the domain namesystem to map the destination machine name to an IP address, and then attempts to form a TCP connection to the mail server on the destination machine. If it succeeds, the transfer process passes a copy of the message to the remote server, which stores the copy in the remote system's spool area. Once the client and server agree that the copy has been accepted and stored, the client removes the local copy. If it cannot form a TCP connection or if the connection fails, the transfer process records the time delivery was attempted and terminates. The background transfer process sweeps through the spool area periodically, typically once every 30 minutes, checking for undelivered mail. Whenever it finds a message or whenever a user deposits new outgoing mail, the background process attempts delivery again. If it finds that a mail message cannot be delivered after an extended time(e.g. 3 days) the mail software returns the message to the sender.00596 英语阅读（二）第11 页共11页。

全国2015 年10 月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题和答案课程代码： 00015第一部分：阅读判断Black FridayEveryone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of BlackFriday, most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day afterThanksgiving （感恩节） . On this day most retail stores open their doorsvery early－some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide theircustomers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on BlackFriday.Black Friday is not as old as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was aday when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season. In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products soldvery well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday. It wasso namedbecause the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stores madea lot of money. However, it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA,countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. Theyhope to attract shoppers into their stores.Black Friday is a day when manyshoppers in the USAgo out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks tothe Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is theperfect way to still get items at reduced prices.people know the history of Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Givenstores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Givenget better service on Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not GivenFriday started in the USA.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Givenholiday season ends on Black Friday.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given6."In the black" is a financial term.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not GivenFriday is no longer popular.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Givenlike to shop online on Christmas Eve.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Givenis possible to get Black Friday discount online.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Givenare sold at their lowest prices at 4 am.A．TrueB．FalseC．Not Given第二部分：阅读选择Living in Brazil（巴西）and SwitzerlandMoving to a different city mayseemdifficult.You have to change schools and get used to your new home. But you can always go back to that cityto visit. Whenyou moveto another country, things are different.However, difficult as it may be, the experience can be rewarding.My dad, a Brazilian, is really funny and can make friends quickly. Mymom, a Swiss, is usually quiet and a bit shy. She likes to be organized,but my dad never makes plans. She enjoys staying home, but my dad always wants to go out. Swiss and Brazilian－what a mix!After my parents got married, they moved to Switzerland. There they had my brother and me. WhenI was two, we moved to Brazil. During my childhood we visited Switzerland every year.Many people ask me where I prefer to live: Brazil or Switzerland. It's really hard to answer because I love both countries. Brazil is a bigcountry, with manystates and people. There are multiple dialects and many types of foods. People here have beautiful smiles and are always happy，even if they are poor. In the south the climate is cool, but in the northit's hot and humid.Switzerland, on the other hand, is small but beautiful and clean. There are four languages in that tiny country. People there are very different from Brazilians: they are wealthy, independent, and organized. The foodis delicious, and of course, the famous Swiss chocolate is great, and the climate is dry and cool.I love both countries. In Switzerland, it's pleasant, calm, and peaceful everywhere. I enjoyed my stay there very much. But now I am happy herein Brazil. I feel excited and at home.author's parents_____.A．share similar interestsB．have different jobsC．have different personalitiesD．enjoy reading booksthe author was a child, the family used to_____.A．have many good friendsB．move between the two countriesC．speak two dialectsD．visit Brazil from time to timeauthor thinks Brazilians are_____.A．organizedB．independentC．indifferentD．optimisticto the text, Switzerland_____.A．is famous for its chocolateB．has many big citiesC．has a lot in common with BrazilD．is hot and humidto the author, living in two different cultures is a(n)_____.A．appealing ideaB．difficult decisionC．expensive choiceD．pleasant experience第三部分：归纳段落粗心和补全句子More Than One Kind of Intelligence1．You may have heard people mention "IQ" when talking about how smart someone is. IQ stands for "intelligence quotient （智商） ". It can help predict how well someone may do academically.2．IQ is just one measure of our abilities. There are many other kindsof intelligence. For example, spatial （空间的）intelligence is the ability to think in 3D. Musical intelligence is the ability to recognize rhythmand tone. Abilities in sports and arts are other types of intelligence.3．Another important type of intelligence is emotional intelligence.Emotional intelligence (EQ for short) is the ability to understand, use,and manage our emotions. Just as a high IQ can predict top test scores,a high EQcan predict success in social and emotional situations.EQhelps us build strong relationships, make good decisions, and deal withdifficult situations.4．One way to think about EQ is that it is part of being people-smart. Understanding and getting along with people help us become successful in our lives. In fact, some studies show that EQ is more important than IQwhen it comes to doing well in school or being successful at work. 5．Somepeople are born with good EQ skills;others need to work on them. Everyone can get better if they know what to do. Being able to notice and label everyday feelings is the most basic EQ skills. Being aware ofemotions helps us manage our own emotions. It also helps us understandhow others feel.1_2_ 3_ 4_ 5A．Kinds of intelligenceB．Definition of IQC．Importance of EQD．Definition of EQE．Development of EQ studiesF．Ways to improve EQ skills第四部分：填句补文The Princess DiseaseHave you ever heard of the princess disease It is a terrible disease.（ 26）_____It wastes away at one’s social life and people ’s tolerance. People with this disease think they are better than everyone else,without a real reason.Jin is a girl who suffers from this disease.（27）_____She thinks she is better looking than her friends and most people she has met. It is,as far as she is concerned, a well-known fact that she dresses better,sings better, and dances better than most people in her school, too.So is Jin justified in believing that she is better than everyone else （28）_____Of course, she thinks this is because the singing coach hates her, since the coach has bad skin and is jealous of her. She is good atsports, but she isn't the strongest, fastest, or even the best at any oftheir school's events. （29）_____She, again, thinks it was because of the "haters". After losing, she pretended she'd just run for fun and it wasno big deal, but in fact it was a huge deal to her.Jin definitely has the disease. The treatment is to stop being so mean and get a little modesty. （30）_____She might even get rid of this disease if she tries hard enough.is too proud of herself.B．Jin is very popular.C．Then things might become better for her.D．She sings well, but not well enough to be a lead singer.E．It threatens to push one's friends away.F．She ran for class president, but came in third.第五部分：填词补文People Use Technology More, Sleep LessPeople in Britain now spend more time watching TV, gaming, and usingtheir mobile phones and computers than sleeping. A study（31）_____that British people use technology for 20 minutes longer than they spendsleeping. The average UK adult uses technology for eight hours and 41minutes a day. They（32）_____for an average of eight hours and 21 minutes. Oneof the biggest （33）_____for this is wi-fi. People can get online almost （34）_____. Many people make telephone calls or surf the web whilewatching TV. TV is still the most（35）_____activity.The study looked at technology and（36）_____age groups. It found that six-year-olds understand how to use technology at the same（37）_____as 45-year-olds. Another（38）_____was that people understand digital technology most when they are 14or 15. A doctor said technology is（39）_____the way people communicate with each other. He said we are moving（40）_____from face-to-face conversations because of technology.A．changingB．reasonsC．popularD．foundE．anywhereF．downG．findingH．levelI ．differentJ．awayK．outdoorL．sleep第六部分：完形补文Be GratefulWhether you are a waiter (wait) or a doctor, your job is about servingothers and making their life better. We have all（41）_____(have) experiences where someone （42）_____ (work) in their job has lifted usup and madea（43）_____(different)to our day or brought us down and made our day worse. Wehave all met（44）_____ (real) wonderful people cleaning floors. We have also met people who are not so wonderful but have（45）_____ (amaze) jobs. So whatever you do, be grateful. This doesn't meanyou have to stay in a job you don't like, but it （46）_____(help)you develop a more positive attitude. You may not like your job, but you can enjoybeing with your （ 47）_____(colleague). This is something to be（ 48）_____(thank) for. When you practise （49）_____(grateful), it allows you to develop a more useful outlook and be （50）_____(happy) at your work.第七部分：短文写作51.假定你的美国朋友 Mike 要去你的家乡旅行，请给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他：近期的天气情况；需要注意的事项；你期望与他会面。

Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)阅读下列短⽂，并从下列短⽂的问题后所给的四个选项中选出⼀个答案，并将答案前选项字母写在答题纸上。

Passage oneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Some people learn a second language easily. Other people have trouble learning a new language. How can you help yourself learn a new language, such as English? There are several steps to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.The first step is to feel positive about learning English. If you believe that you can learn, you will learn. Be patient. You do not have to understand everything all at once. It is natural to make mistakes when you learn something new. We can learn from our mistakes. In other words, do not worry about taking risks.The second stop is to practice your English. For example, write a diary every day. You will get used to writing in English, and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in English. After several weeks, you will see that your writing is improving. In addition, you must speak English every day. You can practice with your classmates outside class. You will all make mistakes, but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.The third step is to keep a record of your language learning. You can write this in your diary. After each class, think about what you did. Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained? Perhaps the lesson was difficult, but you tried to understand it. Write these in your diary.You must be positive about learning English and believe that you can do it. It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements. You will enjoy learning English, and you will have more confidence in yourself.21. In the author's opinion, the first thing to remember is ____.A. to avoid making mistakes when speaking the languageB. to spend more time using the newly learned languageC. to believe you have the ability to learn a new languageD. to learn the second language with the help of your teacher22. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the third paragraph?A. Everybody may make mistakes when learning.B. Keeping a diary will help you learn better.C. Speaking should be emphasized.D. Practice makes perfect.23. The main function of the third step is ___.A. to remind you of the mistakes you made in classB. to help you think about your learning processC. to help you understand the teacher betterD. to record how well you perform in class24. In the last paragraph, you are advised ____.A. to make a daily record of anything you plan to doB. to enjoy learning English rather than any other languagesC. to take a positive attitude towards your language studyD. to believe that you are capable of doing anything you want to25. What is the main idea of this passage?A. There are ways to help you learn a second language easily.B. Different people have different ways to learn English.C. Language learners should write a learning diary.D. It is important to learn a new language well.。

全国2022 年10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试题课程代码00015第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断；如果该句子提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

Lacking in Self-Esteem(自尊)？Good for you!According to psychological and educational theories, self-esteem is essential for a successful life. Generations of children, especially minority kids, have been educated according to the theory (that they lack self-esteem), and that this deficiency is central to any problems (they may have in making their way in the world).Well,guess what? A new research has found that self-esteem can be just as high among grade D students and drunk drivers as it is among Nobel Prize winners and former presidents.In fact,people with high self-esteem can engage in,far more anti-social behavior than those with low self-esteem.“We used to believe that high self-esteem would cause all sorts of positive consequences and that if we raised self-esteem,people would do better in life,”a researcher said.“Mostly,the data have failed to support that.'Racists,street thugs and school bullies all have high scores on the self-esteem tests.And you can see why.If you think you're highly gifted,you're particularly offended if other people don't treat you that way.So you hit out or commit crimes to defend your pride.After all,who are they to suggest that you could be doing something wrong?What do they know?Self-esteem can also be an educational concern.College teachers are constantly complaining about the high self-esteem of their students.When every grade in the school is assessed so as to,make the kid feel good rather than to give an accurate measure of his work,the kid can develop self-esteem dangerously unrelated to the truth.When he's told he is getting a C grade in college,he can then get deeply offended or extremely angry.Weak professors give in to the pressure-hence,grade inflation,which results in their students'vague touch with reality.1. It is believed that minority kids often have self-esteem problem.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2．A new research shows that high self-esteem is essential to success.。