美国文学-文学诗歌期末考试赏析

3 The Wild Honey Suckle(P29)The Wild Honey SucklePhilip FreneauFair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honied blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet:No roving foot shall crush thee here,No busy hand provoke a tear.By Nature's self in whitearrayed,She bade thee shun the vulgar eye,And planted here the guardian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; Thus quietly thy summer goes,Thy days declining to repose,Smit with those charms, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom;They died - nor were those flowers more gay,The flowers that did in Eden bloom;Unpitying frosts, and Autumn's powerShall leave no vestige of this flower.From morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.1st stanza:The honey suckle lives an obscure, unknown, forgotten, serene, and safe life.2nd stanza:The pure, innocent honey suckle is not contaminated by the vulgar eye of people and protected, embraced, and nurtured by Nature.3rd stanza: grief upon the flower’s death4th stanza: nothing gained, nothing lost4. Success is counted sweetestSuccess is counted sweetestBy those who ne’er succeed.To comprehend a nectarRequires sorest need.Not one of all the purple HostWho took the Flag to-dayCan tell the definition,So clear, of victory,As he, defeated, dying,On whose forbidden earThe distant strains of triumphBurst agonized and clear!Interpretation:1. Only those who desire success most can tell howsweet it is; and people who easily obtain success can hardly realize what it really means.2. Even though the old-time fighters could not taste thesweetness of victory in all their life, they are thosewho know what success really is. Compared with the present easy success winners, they deserve more respect.3. In consideration of the poetess’s life experience andher temperament, here in this poem she may imply her determination to pursue or quest her ideal even though her value was not recognized at her time. That is to say, she firmly believes that even she was regarded as a loser at her time (few poems were published in her life), she herself clearly knows where she stands.4. In a broader sense, the little poem can serve as apiece of encouragement for those who are struggling for and pursuing their dreams and ideals---- if what you are fighting for is meaningful, don’t give up, no matter what the result is. The easy success is not so sweet.5. The Soul Selects Her Own SocietyThe Soul selects her own Society---Then---shuts the door---To her divine Majority---Present no more---Unmoved ---she motes the Chariots---pausing---At her low Gate---Unmoved---an Emperor be kneelingUpon her Mat---I’ve known her---from an ample nation---Choose One---Then---close the Valves or her attention---Like Stone---1) the soul made its choice and wanted no more. Thisshowed her resolution and determination.2) Unmoved by any other temptation3) Since I have made my choice, I will stick to it and willnever be tempted by other things.Soul, one: art , poetry, love, ideal。

1. A Psalm of Life1.1Analysis:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow begins his poem "A Psalm of Life" with the same exuberance and enthusiasm that continues through most of the poem. He begs in the first stanza to be told "not in mournful numbers" about life. He states here that life doesn't abruptly end when one dies; rather, it extends into another after life. Longfellow values this dream of the afterlife immensely and seems to say that life can only be lived truly if one believes that the soul will continue to live long after the body dies.The second stanza continues with the same belief in afterlife that is present in the first. Longfellow states this clearly when he writes, "And the grave is not its goal." Meaning that,life doesn't end for people simply because they die; there is always something more to be hopeful and optimistic for. Longfellow begins discussing how humans must live their lives in constant anticipation for the next day under the belief that it will be better than each day before it: "But to act that each to-morrow / Find us farther than to-day."In the subsequent stanza, Longfellow asserts that there is never an infinite amount of time to live, but art that is created during one's life can be preserved indefinitely and live on long after its creator dies.In the following stanzas, Longfellow likens living in the world to fighting on a huge field of battle.He believes that people should lead heroic and courageous lives and not sit idle and remain ineffectual while the world rapidly changes around them: "Be not like dumb, driven cattle! Bea hero in the strife!" His use of the word "strife" is especially interesting, since it clearly acknowledges that life is inherently difficult, is a constant struggle, and will never be easy. Longfellow then encourages everyone to have faith and trust the lord and not to rely on an unknown future to be stable and supportive.2. Commentary for A Psalm of LifeSensory languageRhyme schemeABABUses descriptive languageUses similes2. ExcelsiorSummary: Excelsior is a poem about a traveler who had only one goal stuck into his head that was to get higher and nothing could make him stop, not even the warm light of houses, nor the warm welcome of a girl, nor the storm that will come at night, nor the avalanche could stop him. And in the end he died. He did what he determined to do and he ended up losing his life.3. Sit and Look OutAnalysis:As the poet surveys the human world, he is struck by the numbers and variety of misfortunes to which mankind is subject and which are the causes of wide-spreading suffering in the world. He sees all this but he remains silent. His silence is of course due to the profundity of suffering in the world and his helplessness in the matter.4. Mending Wall (from North of Boston)Form and style: The poem is in blank verse—that is, unrhymed iambic pentameter. Its forty-five lines are in the form of a monologue, but quite different from the style of dramatic monologuepopularized by Robert Browning’s give a revelation of the speaker’s character, often unintentional, and are focused inward. Frost’s are directed outward, usually at some object that can serve: as a point of departure of general observations. The verse is largely monosyllabic, the language typically unpretentious. His Paleolithic savage, for example, is old-stone, a literal translation of the Greek word and much more effective. Simplicity and dignity set the tone.。

• （牧羊人对此仍喜爱
shepherd still admires) 如初），
The children of the forest played.
• 林中的孩子们游戏玩 耍。
• There oft a restless Indian queen, (Pale Sheba, with her braided hair) And many a barbarous form is seen To chide the man that lingers there.
美国文学史诗歌重点赏析
Ideas on poetry writing
Emily Dickinson seemed to consider poetry writing as a private thing. When she was in her early twenties, she began to write poetry. Sometimes she would send her poems with letters to her friends. But she never approved of publishing her poems, for she thought, “Publication is the auction of the mind of man.” So she kept her poems to herself throughout the life. She did not regard herself as a poet. But in her opinion, a poet’s responsibility is to use concrete images to present abstract ideas. Her poems are terse and suggestive.

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《美国文学》期末考试试卷（B卷）1.Poor Richard’s Almanac（）2.The House of the Seven Gables ( ）3.“Raven” ( )4.My Antonia ( ）5.Babbitt （ )6.A Streetcar Named Desire （ )7.Maggie: A Girl of the Streets ( )8.A Farewell to Arms ( ）9.The Call of the Wild （）10.Long Day’s Journey into Night ( ）11. Common Sense ( )12。

“Rip Van Winkle”( )13。

Walden（ )14。

The Song of Hiawatha（ )15。

Uncle Tom’s Cabin( ）16。

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn( ）17. Sister Carrie( )18。

The Waste Land( )19。

A Farewell to Arms（ )20. The Great Gatsby（ )1. defined poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty。

美国文学期末考试作品赏析The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.1.what is the location of this story?2.the atmosphere and the history of this area?3.who is the protagonist of this story?4.what is the main conflict?"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a short story by Washington Irving contained in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. With Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction still read today.The story is set circa 1790 in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town, New York, in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer. As Crane leaves a party he attended at the Van Tassel home on an autumn night, he is pursued by the Headless Horseman, who is supposedly the ghost of a Hessian trooper who had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head". Ichabod mysteriously disappears from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church andBurying Ground in Sleepy Hollow. The characters of Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel may have been based on local residents known to the author. The character of Katrina is thought to have been based upon Eleanor Van Tassel Brush, in which case her name is derived from that of Eleanor's aunt Catriena Ecker Van Tessel.Although Irving knew an army colonel named Ichabod Crane from Staten Island, New York (who was also once the Commanding Officer of Lieutenant Stonewall Jackson), the character in "The Legend" may have been patterned after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.the wild honey suckle 的分析《野金银花》是Freneau在南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿散步时，看到一簇幽生的金银花，于是便有感而发，将这首短诗一气呵成。

美国文学-Poe--TO-HELEN--最全点评-（考试专用）TO HELENEdgar Allan PoeHelen, thy beauty is to meLike those Nicean barks of yore,That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,The weary, wayworn wanderer boreTo his own native shore.On desperate seas long wont to roam,Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face,Thy Naiad airs have brought me homeTo the glory that was GreeceAnd the grandeur that was Rome.Lo! in yon brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy Land!致海伦海伦，你的美在我的眼里，有如往日尼西亚的三桅船船行在飘香的海上，悠悠地把已倦于漂泊的困乏船员送回他故乡的海岸。

早已习惯于在怒海上飘荡，你典雅的脸庞，你的鬈发，你水神般的风姿带我返航，返回那往时的希腊和罗马，返回那往时的壮丽和辉煌。

看哪！壁龛似的明亮窗户里，我看见你站着，多像尊雕像，一盏玛瑙的灯你拿在手上！塞姬女神哪，神圣的土地才是你家乡！First Stanza: Helen: An allusion to Helen of Troy in Greek mythology. Helen, the wife of King Menelaus of Greece, was the most beautiful woman in the world. After a Trojan prince named Paris abducted her, the Greeks declared war on the Trojans, fighting a 10-year battle that ended in victory and the restoration of Greek honor. Helen returned to Greece with Menelaus.Nicean: Of or from Nicea (also spelled Nicaea), a city in ancient Bithynia (now part of present-day Turkey) near the site of the Trojan War.barks: small sailing vessels.End rhyme: A, B, A, B, B.Second Stanza:wont: accustomed to (usually followed by an infinitive, such as to roam in the first line of this stanza).Naiad: Naiads were minor nature goddesses in Greek and Roman mythology. They inhabited and presided over rivers, lakes, streams, and fountains.Naiad airs: Peaceful, gentle breezes or qualitiesthe glory that . . .Rome: These last two lines, beginning with the glory that was, are among the most frequently quoted lines in world literature. Writers and speakers quote these lines to evoke the splendor of classical antiquity. The alliteration of glory, Greece, and grandeur helps to make the lines memorable.End rhyme: A, B, A, B, A.Half rhyme: Face and Greece are similar only in that they have one syllable and the same ending–"ce." The vowels "a" and "ee" do not rhyme. Thus, face and Greece make up what is called half rhyme, also known as near rhyme, oblique rhyme, and slant rhyme.agate: a variety of chalcedony (kal SED uh ne), a semiprecious translucent stone with colored stripes or bands. The marbles that children shoot with a flick of the thumb are usually made of agate (although some imitations are made of glass).agate lamp: burning lamp made of agate.Psyche: In Greek and Roman mythology, Psyche was a beautiful princess dear to the god of love, Eros (Cupid), who would visit her in a darkened room in a palace. One night she used an agate lamp to discover his identity. Later, at the urging of Eros, Zeus gave her the gift of immortality. Eros then married her.End rhyme: A, B, B, A, B.from the regions which are Holy Land: from ancient Greece and Rome; from the memory Poe had of Mrs. Stanard Edgar Allan Poe's poem, "T o Helen", was inspired by Sarah Helen Whitman, the beautiful young mother of one of Poe's boyhood friends - "the first purely ideal love of my soul," according to the poet. Or was his poetic inspiration Jane Stith Stanard, as numerous Poe scholars argue? It makes little difference. Since the poem exists in two versions with minor changes, it was apparently first occasioned by his infatuation with Mrs. Stanard and then revised for Mrs. Whitman.The woman of the title is compared to Helen of Troy, possessor of "the face that launched a thousand ships." That quotable quote appeared in Christopher Marlowe's "Dr. Faustus"and refers to the kidnapping by Paris of the world's most beautiful woman, who was the wife of King Menelaus of Sparta. That abduction was the cause of the Trojan war.No one is sure why Poe chose to refer to those ships as "Nicean barks." Nicea (or Nicaea) is an ancient city of Asia Minor. Probably the poet liked the quality of remoteness associated with the place name and the vowel music it produces in combination with "barks." Others feel he may have been echoing Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a favorite poet of the young Poe, who in "Youth and Age" wrote the line, "Like those trim skiffs, unknown of yore."The alliterative "weary, wayworn wanderer" refers to Odysseus (Ulysses in Latin), who was delayed ten years on his return voyage from the Trojan War by the adventures and misadventures recorded in Homer's Odyssey. Like the bark of Odysseus, Poe's Helen and her beauty have transported the poet on the sea of life.Ever a romantic, Poe believed that classical images and allusions were the best ways to capture the "glory" and "grandeur" of the past. His subject's hair is "hyacinth," or the reddish-orange of zircon. The term has often been poetically descriptive of hair since the mid-17th century. Her face is "classic," and "Naiad airs" allude to the graceful nymphs of mythology, who inhabited streams and lakes.In the concluding stanza, Helen becomes a statue, and we recall the serene facial expressions and flowing garments of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. The "agate lamp" in her hand connects to his mention of Psyche,the female personification of the human soul in Greek mythology. Psyche was forbidden to look at her beloved Cupid. One night she did so by the light of this kind of lamp and earnedhis prolonged anger.The Holy Land of the final stanza is the realm of ideal beauty removed both by time and space from the workaday world. In sum, his poem of adoration of a beautiful woman whom he met as an early teenager bespeaks a Platonic, transcendent form of sexuality. It seems consonant with his marriage to Virginia Clemm, a thirteen-year-old first cousin who died at 25 and who is immortalized in "Annabel Lee.""There comes Poe, with his raven, like Barnaby Rudge,/ Three fifths of him genius and two fifths sheer fudge" quipped James Russell Lowell in the "Poe and Longfellow" section of his satirical poem, "A Fable for Critics". TS Eliot compared Poe's mind with that of "a highly gifted young person before puberty".Edgar Allan Poe's poetry, whatever its limitations, was a catalyst. The current of his imagination flowed on into Europe and helped nurture the French symbolist movement. Stéphane Mallarméin "Le Tombeau d'Edgar Poe" hailed him as the poet whose angel gave "a purer meaning to the dialect of the tribe". Poe may have seemed to Eliot an intellectual adolescent, but we could retort that he was in fact the grandfather of one of Eliot's most famous lines, "To purify the dialect of the tribe".A child-like quality is certainly present in his verse. It's in the diction and the idealised childhood eroticism of "Annabel Lee". The Gothic imagination generally seems formed out of nursery shadows and nightmares, infused with adolescent sexual guilt. Poe's vision of love tainted and destroyed reaches an almost ecstatic pitch in "The Raven" and in "Ulalume: A Ballad" (a superbly made poem, better than "The Raven", I think). Poe enjoyed writing burlesque, and these narratives enjoyably teeter on, and draw back from, its brink.In more lyrical, less Gothic mode, Poe might be a decadent reincarnation of William Blake. His simple rhythms and rhymes are asserted with an emotional directness that renders the simplicity trustworthy. Poe's idealism is purely aesthetic, however. His angels are jealous or demonic; he sings his liebestod in a fallen world.In an essay, The Poetic Principle, Poe explains his aesthetic, and weaves into it an instructive anthology of poems he admires. Classics were an important influence, as the skill of his versification testifies. In this week's poem, "To Helen", classicism and aestheticism seamlessly fuse.It's an atypical poem, perhaps, with its air of calm concentration, its almostimagistic focus. Poe, like Yeats later on in "Sailing to Byzantium" tries to transfix a notional Golden Age in verse that itself is timeless and hard. Whoever his personal "Helen" may have been, she is more than an earthly beloved; partly the Helen of classical legend, she is also, the last stanza suggests, a Beatrice-like figure of moral – or, at least, untainted – illumination.A little patience is required of today's readers, not only with those "Nicéan barks of yore". There is a "perfumed sea" to compound the decorative fantasy. But why not? This sea is "perfumed" because it's an ideal sea, sniffed on board the ideal boat of imagination. The adjective prefigures the flower which, in the next stanza, will give us both the sea's colour and a lovely image of scented, curling hair: the hyacinth.In the second stanza, a slightly dislocated, Latinate grammar floats the poem towards symbolism. The speaker is the literal subject of "long wont to roam". But, metaphorically, the hair, face and "Naiad airs" have shared the voyage. The "roam/Rome"rhyme that "book-ends" this verse is a subtle touch –a miniature history in a pair of homophones.The variation in each stanza's closing lines deserves comment. The trimeter line that follows the tetrameter in "The weary, way-worn traveller bore/ To his own native shore," has the cadence of homecoming. "To the glory that was Greece./ And the grandeur that was Rome" are regular trochaic four-beat lines, planted so firmly as to transform the banal thought – and the perhaps rather vague distinction between "glory" and "grandeur".The last stanza is the amazing one. We don't expect to see Psyche at this point but there she is, in a silhouette as clear-cut as her "agate lamp". If she is the self, or soul, perhaps "the regions which/ Are Holy-Land" denote the Unconscious. The poem ends on its only dimeter line, a curtailment suggesting perfect sufficiency. This is the limit past which poets – and readers – travel only in silence. Unusually, for Poe, "T o Helen" leaves a lot unsaid. But, personally, I'd rather have this one exquisite lyric than any number of his narratives.Edgar Alan Poe：T o HelenIt is one of Poe’s most famous lyrics, inspired by Mrs. Jane Stith Stanard, the mother of a schoolmate of Poe, in Richmond, Virginia. Poe described the poem as “lines written in mypassionate boyhood, to the first, purely ideal love of my soul.”?The Helen of Greek myth was the beautiful daughter of Zeus. Her abduction by Paris was the cause of the Trojan War and the source of the Iliad of Homer.Psyche was the daughter of an unknown king. Her beauty was so extraordinary that men would worship her instead of courting her. Aphrodite then, out of jealousy for her beauty, sent Eros to make Psyche fall in love with some unworthy man whilean oracle said that Psyche must wed a horrible monster on the top of a mountain. Psyche then was first exposed, and then carried by the wind to a castle. But Eros, instead of obeying Aphrodite, fell in love with Psyche and visited her every night, although never allowing Psyche to see him. However, following the advices dictated by jealousy that her two sisters gave her, Psyche managed to know who her lover was. Eros then deserted her, and when their love was discovered, Psyche suffered the wrath of Aphrodite, who mistreated her in many ways. However, after several complications the lovers could reunite, and Psyche was reconciled with Aphrodite and made immortal.Throughout the Poem, Poe uses allusions to classical names and places, as well as certain kinds of images to create the impression of a far-off idealized, unreal woman, like aGreek statue.Helen stands, not like a real woman, but like a saint in a “window-niche”. She becomes a symbol both of beauty and of frustration, a romantically idealized, yet inaccessible image of the heart’s desire.。

英美诗歌鉴赏期末总结在过去的一个学期中，我学习了许多英美诗歌，从古典到现代，涵盖了各种不同的风格和主题。

通过对这些诗歌的阅读和分析，我对英美诗歌的发展和演变有了更深入的了解。

在本篇文章中，我将总结我在这个学期中所学到的知识和经验。

首先，我学会了阅读诗歌的技巧。

英美诗歌通常包含丰富的隐喻、象征和意象，需要我们通过仔细的阅读和分析来理解其中的深层含义。

我们需要关注诗歌的音乐性、节奏和韵律，以及诗歌中使用的修辞手法。

通过对作者使用的词语和句式的分析，我们可以更好地理解诗歌所表达的主题和情感。

其次，我了解了英美诗歌的历史背景和发展。

英美诗歌的发展可以追溯到古希腊和古罗马时期，在中世纪和文艺复兴时期达到了巅峰。

随后，随着现代主义和后现代主义的兴起，英美诗歌经历了一系列的变革。

了解诗歌的历史背景有助于我们更好地理解诗歌中所传达的思想和情感。

在学习诗歌的同时，我也学到了一些有关英美文学的知识。

许多英美诗歌与其他文学作品有着紧密的联系，例如莎士比亚的戏剧作品和雪莱的散文作品。

通过与其他文学作品进行比较和对比，我们可以更好地理解诗歌的创作背景和诗人的思想。

在诗歌鉴赏过程中，我最喜欢的一部分是分析诗歌的主题和情感。

诗歌是诗人对生活、爱情、自然和人类经验的感悟和表达。

通过理解诗歌中所传达的情感和情绪，我们可以更好地与诗人产生共鸣，并从中获得启示和思考。

例如，在读到罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗歌《停在树林之中不可归》时，我深深感受到了人类对自然的敬畏和对生活的思考。

此外，我还学会了自己写诗。

通过学习英美诗歌的形式和技巧，我掌握了一些写作诗歌的基本要素。

我尝试使用不同的修辞手法和意象来表达自己的思想和情感。

写诗是一种表达自我的方式，我发现通过写诗可以更好地思考和观察自己周围的世界。

在未来，我将继续研究和鉴赏英美诗歌。

英美诗歌有着丰富的历史和文化积淀，每一首诗背后都有着独特的故事和意义。

通过不断阅读和研究，我希望能够更好地理解和欣赏这一文学形式，并将其应用到我的写作和创造中。

1.A Red, Red Rose Robert Burns1) 总分析it is a very popular poem for his beautiful words and sound, using many key poetic devices to describe his eternal and passionate love. He describes his passion andemotion using a lot of imagery, symbolism, rhyme, and repetition which appeals to the senses including the heart 2)Theme : The speaker loves the young lady beyond measure through vivid similes and hyperbolic comparisons.Love: —express speaker's powerful, undying love-is lasting,real,awesomely awesome. Nature: Rocks, seas, sand, roses —many nature.Time: "A Red, Red Rose" has time on its side.3) Structure: a)Stanza1: compare his sweet heart as a red rose and sweet music.b)Stanza2-3 : swear that he will love her for ever, and assure that he will never change his heart.c)Stanza4: assure his lover that he will leave for a short time but will come back no matter how far it is.4) Form: Scottish Folklore, short lines, strong rhythm. The first and third lines have 8 syllables and the second and fourth lines have 6 syllable in the first two stanzas and 7syllables in the second two stanzas. Rhyming abab. Use simile to express the strong affection which can not be controlled. And use repetition to intensify his emotion.5)Meter:This one's a classic, so it's no wonder it uses some of the most classic forms in allof poetry and music. "A Red, Red Rose" is written partly in ballad meter (the first eight lines) and partly in common meter (the last eight lines). It alternates between iambic tetrameter in the odd-numbered lines and iambic trimeter in the even-numbered ones. Aline of iambic tetrameter consists of four (tetra-) iambs, a foot that contains an unstressedsyllable followed by a stressed syllable. Line 5 is a great example: As fair art thou, mybonn-ie lass. Iambic trimeter, as you might have already guessed, is the same as iambic tetrameter, except there are three (tri-) iambs instead of four, as in line 2: That's new-lysprung in June. But line 10, It has seven syllables, when it should have six. Let's assumethe line's first foot is not an iamb but an anapest. If we scan the line in the following way,we have a line of neat, flowing trimeter: And the rocks melt wi' the sun.2.I Wondered Lonely as A Cloud William Wordsworth1) Theme: N ature's beauty uplifts the human spirit. Lines 15, 23, and 24 specifically refer tothis theme; P eople sometimes fail to appreciate nature's wonders as they go about theirdaily routines. Lines 17 and 18 suggest this theme; N a ture thrives unattended. The daffodils proliferate in splendor along the shore of the lake without the need for humanattention.2) Genre ：Lyric p oem3) Rhyme Skill :ababcc, efefgg, hihikk, lmlmnnRhetoric( 修辞）:Simile 明喻，personification 拟人，hyperbole 夸张，alliteration 头韵。

美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析第一篇：美国文学诗歌名篇翻译赏析I shot an arrow……我射出一支箭……---Henry Wadsworth LongfellowI shot an arrow into the air,我把一支箭射向空中It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它落在何方For so swiftly it flew the sight飞得那么快Could not follow it in its fight.眼睛难以追寻它的方向I breathed a song into the air,我对着天空轻轻唱歌It fell to earth I knew not where;不知它消逝在何方For who has the sight so keen and strong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利That can follow the flight of a song.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long, long afterwards in an oak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上I found the arrow still unbroke;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断And the song, from beginning to end,也发现了那支歌，自始自终I found again in the heart of a friend.在朋友的心中欢唱This poem is written in a traditional iambic form with the feet “aabb aacc ddee”.In the poem, Longfellow sings the friendship implicitly and skillfully.The arrow and the song in this poem stand for the friendship.When he shot an arrow and breathed a song into the air, he did not expect to find them any more.But many years later, he came across with the arrow and found that hissong was always in the heart of his friend.This suggests that the friendship is everlasting.I’m Nobody!我是无名之辈Emily DickinsonI’m nobody!Who are you?我是无名之辈！你是谁？Are you nobody, too?你也是无名之辈吗？Then there’s a pair of us----don’t tell!那么我们就是一对儿了！千万不要透露出去They’d banish us, you know!不然我们都会被他们驱逐，你知道。

（完整版）美国文学选择题诗歌分析题大全有用的,推荐文档Part Two American LiteratureChapter 1 The Romantic PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Of all the following issues, _____is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history.A. Puritan moralityB. Human bestialityC. Noble savagesD. Divinity of manAnswer: B (P401)2. Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"Answer: A (P402)3. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote from______’s writings.A. Walt WhitmanB. Henry David ThoreauC. Herman MelvilleD. Ralph Waldo EmersonAnswer: D (P402)4. ’Leaves of Grass’ commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and theAmerican Civil War. A. the democratic ideals B. the romantic ideals C. the self-reliance spirits D. the religious ideals Answer: A (P447)5. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave asa supreme_________.A. democratB. individualistC. romanticistD. leaderAnswer: B (P448)6. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as ___________.A. The Naturalist PeriodB. The Modern PeriodC. The Romantic PeriodD. The Realistic PeriodAnswer: C (P399)7. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature?A. The Sketch BookB. Leaves of GrassC. Leather Stocking TalesD. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB (P399)8. _____is the author of the work ’The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler YeatsAnswer: A (P404)9. Washington Irving’s ’Rip Van Winkle’ is famous for_________.A. Rip’s escape into a mysteriousB. The story’s German legendary source materialC. Rip’s seeking for happinessD. Rip’s 20-years sleepAnswer: D (P406)10. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving?A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.C. Irving’s taste was essentially progressive or radical.D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who "perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced."Answer: C (P403---406)11. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-SoulAnswer: A (P420)12. The phrase "a transparent eye-ball’ compares philosophical mentation of Emerson’s. It appears in_________.A. The American ScholarB. NatureC. The over SoulD. Essays: Second SeriesAnswer: B (P423)13. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmeasas :Our Intellectual Declaration of Independence".A. "Self-Reliance"B. "Divinity School Address"C. "The American Scholar"D. "Nature"Answer: C (P423)14. _____is the most ambivalent (有争议的) writers in the American literary history.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Walt WhitmanC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Mark TwainAnswer: A (P429)15. "There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity", which author of the following authors does the mention belong to________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt WhitmanAnswer: C (P431)16. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectualsusually appear as________.A. saviorsB. villainsC. commentatorsD. observersAnswer: B (P432)17. All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except_______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. White JacketC. The Marble FaunD. The Blithedale Romance Answer: B (P431)18. Walt Whitman is radically innovative in the form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subject is__________.A. free verseB. blank verseC. lyric poemD. heroic coupletAnswer: A (P450)19. Which of the following features cannot characterize poems by Walt Whitman?A. Lyrical and well-structuredB. Free-flowingC. Simple and rather crudeD. Conversational and casual Answer: A (P450---451)20. " The horizon’s edge, the flying sea-crow, the fragrance of salt marsh and shore mud. These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day." The two lines are taken from____________.A. "There Was a Child Went Forth" by Walt WhitmanB. "In a Station of the Metro" by Ezra PoundC. "Cavalry Crossing a Ford" by Walt WhitmanD. "Ulysses" by JoyceAnswer: A (P454)21. "Moby Dick" is regarded as the first American_________.A. Prose epicB. Comic epicC. Dramatic fictionD. Poetic fictionAnswer: A (P460)22. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT________.A. mystery of the universeB. sin of the whaleC. power of the great NatureD. evil of the worldAnswer: B (P461)23. Which of the following comments on the writings by Herman Melville is not true?A. "Bartleby, the Scrivener" is a short story.B. "Benito Cereno" is a novella.C. The Confidence---Man has something to do with the sea and sailors.D. Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic.Answer: C (P459---460)24. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is____, therefore, self-reliant.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-lookingAnswer: C (P402)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Time grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on: a tart temper mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edge tool that grows keener by constant use. For a long while he used to perpetual club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village. Questions:1) Please identify the author and the title of the work.2) What’s the meaning of this passage?参考答案:1) This is an excerpt from "Rip Van Winkle" by Washington Irving. (P408)2) With his wife’s dominance at home, the situation became harder and harder f or Rip Van Winkle. His wife’s temper became worse and she scolded him for more often. He had to stay in the club with idle people. (P407)附:Question: Please describe the changes Rip Van Winkle experienced.Answer: 1) Rip Van Winkle was the hero in Irving’s works. He was a good-natured man, a henpecked (惧内的，妻管严的) husband.2) Because his wife’s shrewish (泼妇一样的) treatment, Rip had to escape from his home to the little inn in the village. When it failed to give him some restful air, he had to go hunting in the high mountain, where Rip met a stranger, and the man asked Rip to carry keg for him. Then Rip reached the place in the valley, where many strangers were playing nine-pins. Later Rip got drunk after drinking the liquor, which made him sleep for 20 years.3) Rip woke up as an old man, entering the village learned that his wife had died, he got the freedom of his own,; and the American had been dependent from the control of Britain, he had changed from a subject of the King (George III) into a citizen of the independent new U.S.....2. " I celebrated myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you"Questions:。

Philip FreneauThe Wild Honeysuckle野忍冬花美好的花呀，你长得，这么秀丽，却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方-——甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵，招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；没游来荡去的脚把你踩碎,没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。

大自然把你打扮得一身洁白，她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光,她布置下树荫把你护卫起来，又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁；你的夏天就这样静静地消逝，这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。

那些难免消逝的美使我销魂，想起你未来的结局我就心疼，别的那些花儿也不比你幸运-——虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零，无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力,会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。

朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育，让你这小小的生命来到世上，原来若乌有，就没什么可失去，因为你的死让你同先前一样;这来去之间不过是一个钟点-—-这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。

（黄皋炘译）CommentaryThe short lyric was written in 1786。

Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston，South Carolina. It was virtually unread in the poet's lifetime, yet it deserves a place among major English and American works of poetry of that time。

This is one of the most quoted works of Freneau。

Generally speaking, it is the best of Freneau’s poems, and the best poem on nature before the appearance of the verses of William Cullen Bryant, William Wordsworth，and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s The Rhodora。

美国诗歌赏析美国诗歌是世界文学宝库中的瑰宝，它不仅反映了美国社会的变迁，也展现了美国人民的精神风貌。

从早期的殖民地时期到现代，美国诗歌经历了从模仿到创新的转变，形成了独特的风格和主题。

在赏析美国诗歌时，我们可以从以下几个方面来深入理解其魅力。

首先，美国诗歌的主题多样，从自然景观到社会问题，从个人情感到国家命运，无不涉及。

例如，19世纪的诗人沃尔特·惠特曼在其代表作《草叶集》中，用自由诗的形式表达了对民主、自由和个人主义的热爱。

他的诗歌充满了对美国广阔土地和人民的赞美，同时也反映了对战争、死亡和生命的深刻思考。

其次，美国诗歌的语言风格独特，它摒弃了传统诗歌的严格韵律和格律，追求自然、直接和口语化的表达。

这种风格在20世纪的现代主义诗歌中尤为明显。

例如，罗伯特·弗罗斯特的诗歌以其简洁、质朴的语言和深刻的寓意著称。

他的《未选择的路》通过描绘两条分叉的道路，隐喻了人生选择的重要性和不可预知性。

再者，美国诗歌的形式创新也是其魅力所在。

许多诗人尝试打破传统的诗歌结构，创造出新的诗歌形式。

例如，艾兹拉·庞德的意象派诗歌强调通过精确、生动的意象来传达情感和思想，他的《地铁车站》就是通过几个简单的意象，捕捉了现代都市生活的瞬间感受。

此外，美国诗歌还具有强烈的社会批判性。

许多诗人通过诗歌来反映社会不公和个人抗争。

例如，艾伦·金斯伯格的《嚎叫》是对20世纪50年代美国社会压抑和物质主义的强烈抗议，它以激昂的语言和强烈的情感，表达了对自由和解放的渴望。

最后，美国诗歌的多样性和包容性也是其吸引人的地方。

美国是一个移民国家，不同文化背景的诗人带来了各自的文化特色和诗歌传统，使得美国诗歌呈现出丰富多彩的面貌。

例如，非裔美国诗人兰斯顿·休斯的作品就深受非洲和黑人文化的影响，他的诗歌充满了对种族平等和社会正义的追求。

总之，美国诗歌以其独特的主题、风格、形式和社会批判性，成为了世界文学中不可或缺的一部分。

湖州师范学院 2009 — 2010 学年第一学期《美国文学》期末考试试卷A卷答案暨评分标准适用班级060511-3 考试时间120 分钟Ⅰ. Choose TEN of the following works and write the names of the authors. (1*10=10%)1.Frank Norris2.Stephen Crane3.Sinclair Lewis4.Jack London5.Washington Irving6.Willa Cather7.Robert Frost8.Benjamin Franklin9.William Faulkner10.Nathaniel Hawthorne11.Thomas Jefferson12.Washington Irving13.Ralph Waldo Emerson14.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow15.Harriet Beecher Stowe16.Mark Twin17.Theodore Dreiser18.T.S. Eliot19.Ernest Hemingway20.Eugene O’NeillⅡ. Choose FIVE of the following and fill in the blanks. (2*5=10%)1.John Smith2.Thomas Paine3.“founding fathers”4.Gothic Fiction5.Emily Dickenson6.John Smith7.Philip Freneau8.Washington Irving9.Edgar Allan Poe10.Picaresque novelⅢ. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer. (2*15=30%)IV. Choose TEN of the following and decide whether the statements are true or false. (1*10=10%)V. Choose THREE of the following fragments and answer the questions. (20%)Passage 11.Ezra Pound (1)2.In A Station of the Metro (1)3.Answer should comment on the parallel between the “modern” im agery(description of urban crowds and transportation, loneliness) of the firstline and the traditional “Oriental” imagery (budding flowers on a tree,wetness) of the second line. (2)4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem?Describe the stylistic result of the parallel and the feelings it evokes (2)Passage 21.This part if from the short story “A Clean Well Light Room” written byErnest Hemingway. (2)2.Describe the old man’s character and relate it to the nihilist philosop hyexpressed in the story. (2)3.What does the young waiter think of the old man (and why) and howdoes he treat him? Describe the young man’s character, his lack ofunderstanding of the old man and the significance of how he treats theold man as described in the story. (3)Passage 31.Walden (1)2.Henry David Thoreau (1)3.Find the answer from the passage. (5)Passage 41.The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne.(2)2.life and liberty.(5)Passage 51.Annabel Lee.(1)2.Edgar Allan Poe. (1)3.repetition or refrains.(4)Passage 61.Upon the Burning of Our House, Anne Bradstreet.(2)2.One's real house is in heaven, built by the great architect, God. (5) VI. Choose TWO of the following and Comment on them. (20%)1. Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken. (10%)•This poem is written in classic five-line stanzas, with the rhyme scheme a-b-a-a-b and conversational rhythm. The poem seems to be about thepoet, walking in the woods in autumn, choosing which road he shouldfollow on his walk. In reality, it concerns the important decisions whichone must make in life, when one must give up one desirable thing inorder to possess another. Then, whatever the outcome, one must acceptthe consequences of one' s choice for it is not possible to go back andhave another chance to choose differently.•In the poem, the poet hesitates for a long time, wondering which road to take, because they are both pretty. In the end, he follows the one whichseems to have fewer travelers on it. Symbolically, he chose to follow anunusual, solitary life; perhaps he was speaking of his choice to become apoet rather than some commoner profession. But he always remembersthe road which he might have taken, and which would have given him adifferent kind of life.2. Eugene O' Neill’s Long Day's Journey into Night. (10%)•Long Day's Journey into Night is somewhat autobiographical. The Tyrones of the play are in fact modeled on the Eugene O' Neill family.The four major characters include James Tyrone, the father, a famousactor, anxious to become rich at the expense of his own talent; MaryTyrone, the mother, a drug addict; Jamie Tyrone, their elder son, andEdmund Tyrone, their younger son. The Mother becomes mentally illbecause she is extremely unhappy with her married life. Young Jamieloses faith in life, while Edmund the wanderer comes back withtuberculosis. All the four suffer frustrations and wish to escape from theharsh reality, James and Jamie look for solace in their cups, while Maryand Edmund seek the protection of the fog which they hope wouldscreen them from the intrusion of the world outside. They meet in theliving room of the family' s summer home at 8:30 a. m. of a day inAugust, 1912, and torment one another and themselves until midnight.The father is angry with the mother for her drug addiction, the motherwith his sons for being good for nothing, and the sons with their parentsfor not being good parents. All are torn in a war between love and hate,and no one is sure which is the stronger emotion. Life is too painful forthem even to try and make sense of it. Edmund ' s desperate advice inface of the horrible burden of Time weighing on people ' s shoulders andcrushing them to the earth is to lose feeling in their cups and stay alwaysdrunk. Thus the long day journeys into night when the tragedy of thefamily is finally enacted. No relief is felt, no light is seen, and all ends inthe engulfing darkness.•In a figurative sense, Long Day' s Journey into Night is a metaphor for Eugene 0' Neill' s lifelong endeavor to find truth and the way toacceptance. The former he found, namely, the faithless, fragmentarynature of modern life, whereas the latter he did not; for him all passedinto night. In despair Eugene O' Neill thought of the old God of theCatholic church on which, it is ironical to not, he had turned his backlong before.3. Talk about Adgar Allan Poe's social outlook and writings （10%）●Poe admired aristocratic society，distrusted the leveling tendency ofdemocracy, and expressed contempt for uplift movements of progress（提高社会地位的进步运动）.He deplored America's increasing industrialization.In his more sardonic comments on democracy, he says that it amounts to the tyranny "of a mob." He could be associated with those literary men in the 1840's and 1850's，who became, in M elville's words , "isolates（孤僻者，与世隔绝者）, " who were (at least in theory)divorced from society. Yet Poe's criticism of contemporary America cut deeper than that of his contemporaries, causing an isolation more nearly absolute than theirs (see Hawthorne). He was more interested in redeeming and refining language.He was called the "great literary engineer."●Poe also dramatizes for us what has been called the demonic side of thenineteenth century. His tales are filled with assassination and non-escape ,with violence and death. Many of his characters are obsessed with a fear of death. Some of them strive to come back from the tomb;others are terrified of being buried alive or in fact are buried alive like Madeline in "The Fall of the House of Usher. "The two obsessions are part of a general fear of retaining consciousness in a world that is dead.●Poe was preoccupied with the disintegration of culture, with decadence. Hegives us a vision of "dehumanized man." Poe’s characters are dead to the world, machines of sensation and will. They are not willing to live in their own skins. For Poe's characters, the body is a mere machine. It refuses to be reconciled to the flesh and its mortal fate.●As a consequence , Poe's characters insist on living with an intensity andfear that has no relation to the limitations imposed by biological and physical laws. They do not seem to eat or drink ,they do not work.Occasionally they read or play on musical instruments. They are constantly musing about their lives. They speak to each other intensely and withpassion. They live only in their heads—all a matter of intellect and imagination.●Poe's typical heroines are usually afflicted with mysterious diseases. Theyvisibly waste away before their lovers’ eyes. Their lovers or husbands can see that they are perishing and the heroines themselves are thoroughly aware of it, but the process cannot be halted. But they are not willing to let go of their lovers.●His characters fear the final moment, which constantly threatens them whilethey are alive, since they have no contact with the world of nature or with religion, being just sheer intelligence which is not connected with anything providing life or spiritual fulfillment. One critic has written :"Poe is not interested in anything that is alive. Everything in Poe is dead —the houses, the rooms, the furniture." Death is a predominant theme of Poe's poetry.The setting of "The Raven," his most celebrated poem, is like that of his tales : the unhappy, unresolved lover sits in an elaborately furnished room, trying to find peace from sorrow in his books and conducting a curious dialogue with his midnight visitant ,a black, deathlike symbol—the raven.Death is also the theme of the curious poem, "Ulalume(尤拉鲁姆)" and "The City in the Sea. "Some literary critics suggest that Poe’s intention was to recognize the impulse,always kept hidden, to kill, even to do violence to one's own nature.●Yet if the world of Poe's imagination is haunted by death and if the tales inparticular seem morbid and obsessed, why did they appeal to the audience of Poe's day? And can they have anything to say to us? The answer would have to be that in spite of their fantastic character they do，at some level, reveal what was going on in the psyche of nineteenth century man.Something like a disintegration of personality was occurring in Poe's life time, and the strange horrors that Poe described produced some echoes in the thoughts of his contemporaries. His audience had a craving for the sensational and the shocking. Writers and sensitive thinkers saw man as spiritually gutted),being pushed into an insane, inhuman world created by the rapidly growing process of industrialization.●Strangely enough, however, Poe had a fascination with the power of reason,despite his emphasis on the irrational. In stories like "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" and "The Purloined Letter , " reason is applied to the solution of a baffling crime. Even a few of Poe's tales of nightmare terror come to happy endings precisely because the hero can think his way through a problem. Though the hero of "The Pit and the Pendulum" cannot, by hisunaided efforts, save himself from the death intended for him, he uses his head to keep himself alive until help from the outside comes. In fact, one kind of Poe's characters must be those who are forced to fall back on the resources of one's mind.●Just as he was fascinated with the process of reason, Poe was interested inthe deviousness(曲折) of the human soul. He placed emphasis on how the unconscious motivates human beings, not unlike the Romantics of his day, but to a greater extent. Unlike the Romantics, Poe examined irrational drives; he wanted to bring reason to bear on areas which, in his time, were regarded as lying beyond its boundaries or else were ignored altogether. In other words, Poe used his reason to discover the source of the irrational.This is especially evident in "Tell-Tale Heart."●Poe's tragic life and his concentration on death were his extreme and poeticresponse to that which was elaborated upon, in naturalistic terms, fifty years later. He was unusually sensitive to the world of his own day, affected by it intensely ，causing his isolation. Though he wanted to find his place in a traditional society, his failure to do so may well have heightened his sense of lonely individualism. It is this sense of alienation which has carried itself through the greatest of literature in America.4. C omment on Hawthorne’s style.（10%）●His style is also noteworthy for his frequent use of images. Metaphors andsimiles abound, most of them stirringly fresh and effective. He makes skillful use of colors as a means for conveying mood. Black ,red and gray predominate.●Hawthorne's sentences, like his language, show the effects of his long yearsof study and practice in writing. There are few of the awkward sentences which may be found in Cooper. The sentences may appear, to a twentieth century reader, to be too consistently long. But they were not abnormally long for their day. In the most complex sentences ,however, grammatical subordination is employed with sufficient logic and variety to make the writing smooth and clear.●Another reflection of the times in which Hawthorne wrote is seen in hispunctuation. Many of his works are over-punctuated, by modern standards;there are superfluous commas, excessive dashes, and far too many exclamation points. In most cases his words are forceful enough to achievethe emphasis he desires, and the attempt to show such emphasis by using exclamation points is not necessary. But Hawthorne cannot be condemned for following the mechanical conventions of his day.●Hawthorne depends heavily on summarized historical narrative, but linksscenes dramatically. Occasionally, he will interrupt his works to address the reader directly, with some comment on the story, some piece of background information, or a brief moral essay.● A characteristic device of Hawthorne’s，which is employed several timesin The Scarlet Letter, is the "optional reading, " Hawthorne uses concrete objects as well as characters to serve as his symbols. He concentrates on a few main symbols repeated often in the story, and uses the fluidity of character development to illustrate the ways in which symbols grow and change based upon one's perception of them.。

1.The Minister’s Black V eil--Hawthorne,人物：Hooper总结：A universally beloved minister appears in church one Sunday wearing a small black veil which hides his face from the forehead to the mouth. Everyone is made uneasy by this.After he has worn it for several Sundays a delegation from the congregation go to his home to ask him to remove it, or at least explain why he is wearing it. But intimidated胁迫by the veil, they are afraid to raise the subject.His bride-to-be then declares she will speak to him about it. When he will not discuss the matter with her she says she is afraid to marry him unless he lifts the veil at least once, or tells her why he must refuses. He will not but begs her to marry him anyway, instead of condemning them each to a lonely life. He continues to wear the veil throughout a lonely life. Everyone avoids him but his sermons布道become even more impressive and many people are brought to a state of grace by them.“black veil”symbolizes the cover used to keep one’s guilt as a secret.Themes: light vs. dark integrity vs. hypocrisy free will vs. conformity openly sin vs. guilt 2.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn—Mark Twain人物：Huck, JimThemes: 1.Huck’s quest for freedom and Jim’s quest for anti-slavery2. Society vs. individual3. H uck’ birth and rebirth4. Huck’s loneliness and isolation人物性格分析：Huck is always practical and natural, exhibiting good common sense. Huck is extremely adaptable. Huck is also very shrewd and possesses a good inventive ability. His sympathy for other human beings, his shrewdness and ingenuity, his basic intelligence, his good common sense and his basic practicality.3.An American Tragedy-- Theodore Dreiser 人物：Clyde Griffths总结：Clyde thinks money and success will bring him happiness. When a pregnant girlfriend threatens to destroy this dream, he plans to kill her. At the last moment, he changes his mind, but the girl dies accidentally anyway. Since Clyde has decided not to kill her, is he really responsible for her death? This becomes the main question during the trial审判. The trial itself is not really fair. The newspapers stir up public anger against him. In the end, Clyde is executed. Clearly, Dreiser believes that Clyde is not really guilty. Dreiser calls his novel a tragedy, and in certain ways it is similar to classical Greek tragedy. It concentrates on a single individual, who gives it unity; and his individual is eventually destroyed by forces which he cannot control.4.The Hairy Ape—Eugene O’Neill 人物：Yank全文总结：Yank, the ape-like seaman, attempts to rise to a higher level. Yank’s initial crisis is seeing himself unfavorably in the mirror of the society girl when she calls him a filthy beast. After this incident, and throughout the play, he struggles to find out exactly who and what he is. Ultimately he tries to find meaning and purpose in the animal world by freeing a caged gorilla, but this final effort fails also. In the end, Yank dies, without ever finding his place of belonging. The general feeling is one of despair: Man is rootless in an indifferent and impersonal universe. Summary of Act VIII: The next day Yank goes to the monkey house at the zoo. The gorilla’s brute strength impresses him and he speaks to the animal as a friend. He describes the feelings he had in the park, watching the sun rise on the sea. At last he understood Paddy’s nostalgia for the old life, but he knew he could never belong to it. This realization led him to seek out the gorilla. Yank saysthe gorilla is lucky to belong to one world while he belongs to neither heaven nor earth. Identifying himself with the animal, Yank frees him to get even with the men who have put him in the cage. The gorilla picks him up, crushes him and throws him into the open cage. When the door has slammed shut on him and the gorilla has gone the dying Yank calls out mockingly to imaginary spectators to step right up and have a look at the one and only--- Hairy Ape. He dies, having pronounced this final judgment on himself. In a stage note the playwright suggests that perhaps Yank at last belongs.5.A Farewell to Arms—Ernest Hemingway 人物：Henry, Catherine Barkley, EmilioWriting features:DialogueInterior monologue// stream of consciousnessUnderstatementThemesThe Grim Reality of WarThe Relationship between Love and PainFeelings of lossSummary:The novel tells about the war experience and the love story of an American lieutenant, Henry, during the World War I. Henry serves in the Italian ambulance crops, andfall in love with an English nurse, Catherine. Although in civilian clothes, he is suspected,and forced to flee with Cat to Switzerland. They go to Lausanne for the birth of their child,but the baby is stillborn and Cat dies in childbirth. Henry is left alone in a strange land; his dream of leading a decent life broke into smithereens. So the novel is both farewell to war,and a farewell to love.6.Autobiography-- Benjamin FranklinSummary:It is probably the first autobiography in American literature. It is an interesting record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity. It’s a record of self-examination and self-improvement. He wrote it at 65.。

湖州师范学院外国语学院2008- 2009学年第二学期《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A卷）答案暨评分标准I. Write the names of the authors。

（10％）①Walt Whitman②Edgar Allen Poe③Wallace Stevens④Franklin Norris⑤Stephen Crane⑥William Faulkner⑦Sinclair Lewis⑧John Steinbeck⑨Langston Hughes⑩Tennessee WilliamsII. Fill in the following blanks with appropriate information。

（10％）①New England②Regionalism or Local color writing③semi-autobiographical④anti-realism⑤Imagist⑥Santiago⑦multiple narrations or points of view⑧1930⑨Harlem Renaissance⑩Eugene O'NeillIII. Choose only one answer form the four choices as the most appropriate answer。

(20％）1－5. A D C B B 6－10. D B E B AIV。

Identify the author and the title of the work from which each of the following excerpts is taken。

And then answer the question after each excerpt. (20%)Passage 1the author： Walt Whitman （1％)the title of the work : Songs of Myself (1％）Question： What is the poet celebrating？ (2％)➢The poet is celebrating individualism and nationalism, singing of all those people who form the American nationality。

美国⽂学期末考试-诗歌赏析部分Philip Freneau1.野⾦银花美丽的⾦银花，你粲然绽放于幽静⼀⾓。

芳菲满枝,⽆⼈垂顾，迎风起舞,⽆⼈注⽬。

游⼦从不践踏你的⽟体，过客从不催落你的泪滴。

造化令你素裹银妆，你得以远离庸⼈的⽬光她赐予你⼀⽚绿荫葱葱她带给你⼀泓流⽔淙淙恬静的夏⽇倏然流淌你终于红衰翠减，⽟殒⾹消妩媚动⼈，你却⽆法盛颜久长落红满地，你令我黯然神伤纵然在伊甸乐园，⼈间天堂也难免⼀⽇凋零，满⽬凄凉萧瑟秋风，凄⽩秋霜你终于消失得⽆影⽆踪朝霞幕露孕育了你娇⼩的⾝躯你从尘⼟来，⼜归尘⼟去来时⼀⽆所有，去时化作尘⼟可叹⽣命苦短你终究红消⾹断Background: The short lyric was written in 1786. Freneau was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking at Chaeleston, South Carolina. As is displayed in this poem, honeysuckle, instead of rose of daffodil became the object of depiction; it is “wild” just to convey the fresh perception of the natural scenes on the new continent. The flowers, similar to the early Puritan settlers, used to believe they were the selects of God to be arranged on the abundant land, but now have to wake up from fantasy and be more respectful to natural law.Theme:the mutability of flowers and by extension the transience of human life. Time is constant but the time of a life is short; any favor is relative but change is absolute; with or without the awareness, nature develops; flowers were born, blossomed and declined to repose, and human beings would exist in exactly the same way. A philosophical meditation is indicated by the description of the fate of a trivial wild plant. In this poem, the poet expresses a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature. It implies that life and death are inevitable law of nature. In addition, the poet writes with the strong implication that, though in the work no one is presented in person, human beings at times envy the flower. This is seen not because the “roving foot” would “crush”; nor that the “busy hand” would “provoke a tear”; nor because of the “vulgar eye”, but because of the fact that the human being has the ability to foresee his death. Whereas, the flower, with its happy ignorance, lacks this consciousness and is completely unaware of its doom. Its innocence left it happier than the foreseeing human beings.Unfortunately, the human beings are quite unwilling to refuse this knowledge and that arouses all their sufferings.Rhyme and analysis: Form ?Four six-line stanzas ?iambic tetrameter 四⾳步抑扬格?soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong-soft-strong ? Fair flower, that dost so comely grow ? rhymed on ababcc pattern Following the traditional European model, the lyric is written in regular 6-line tetrameter stanzas, rhyming “ababcc”, and sounds just like music. But in order to accord with the change in tone and topic in Stanza 3, the rhythmic pattern is varied. Different from the rest the poem which is written in smooth iambic tetrameter lines, the third line of the stanza --- “They died” --- begins with a “spondee”(two stressed beats in a row) and, after forcing the reader to pause (the dash), continues in a highly irregular rhythm with an intensification of stressed beats. The purpose is obvious: the speaker wants to drive the horrible message home, to let the reader feel the impact acutely. But as we progress into the last stanza, when a more mature view of life and death is adopted, the rhythms are restored to the original regularity as the tone assumes a tempered serenity grown out of experience. The wild honey suckle is, in the poet’s eye, no longer a common flower.In the first two stanzas, to start with, Freneau devoted more attention to the environment of the flower in which he found it than to the appearance of the flower per se. He commented on the secluded nature of the place where the honey suckle grew, drawing a conclusion that it was due to Nature’s protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from men’s disturbance and destruction. But the next stanza immediately changed the tone from silent admiration and appreciation to outright lamentation over the “future’s doom” of the flower --- even Nature was unable to save the flower from its death. Actually no flower, or no living being, can escape. Not even the flowers that used to bloom in Eden. Thus from the flower in nature the poet started to ponder over the fate of man, who was bound to fall from his innocence and suffer from the despair of death as the result to his exile from Paradise. Just as kindly as nourished and protected the honey suckle in spring and summer, Nature will destroy ruthlessly the flower with its autumn and winter weapons.Understand the title: 1. The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flow er produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume of this passionate plant may turn a maidens head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in . The word “wild”implies herliving place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be app reciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.William Cullen Bryant（对死亡的冥想）热爱⾃然的⼈与世间万象, 有着⼼神的交流，对他, 她可说各种各样的语⾔他⾼兴的时候，她声⾳喜悦, 微笑⾥透着⾼贵的美丽, 她潜⼊他隐秘的思索，带着温柔和抚慰的关切，未及他明⽩她就将痛苦带⾛，当最后的思想如灾难降临你的精神,悲痛的哀影，寿⾐，棺罩,令⼈窒息的⿊暗，以及促狭的房屋使你瑟瑟发抖，并⼼⽣憎恨——去开阔的⽥野吧，去听听,⾃然的教诲，听听那从四野⾥——⼤地、河川和新鲜的空⽓中——传来的静谧⽽寂寥的声⾳——然⽽⼏天后，普照⼤地的太阳在它的⾏程⾥，也不见你的踪影；也不在冰冷的⼤地你含泪苍⽩的形体停放之处,也不在⼤海的怀抱存你的形象养育了你的⼤地要将你召回, 复归为尘⼟，消除⼈的痕迹你的个体将⾂服于此，你将永远与⾃然之中的万物共处去做⽆情的草⽊和磐⽯的兄弟掩藏在坚硬的泥⼟下，任由那粗野的情郎翻犁和践踏橡树伸展的根须将刺穿你的躯体。

1. Analyze the poem “The Wild Honey Suckle”Understand the title: 1.The name honeysuckle comes from the sweet nectar that the flower produces to intoxicate the greedy bee. Its powerful fragrance seduces the human senses as it pervades the air. The perfume o f this passionate plant may turn a maiden’s head, hence wild honeysuckle is a symbol of inconstancy in love.2. The word “wild” implies her living place; she lives in wilderness not in paradise or house; so she will not be appreciated by others and feels sorrowful. Also it implies the nature, so we can say the writer is describing the nature.2. Analyze Whitman’s “Song of Myself” (Over 200 words)"Song of Myself" is all about the human experience. The human experience, here, means what men of the past, present and future have seen, touched, smelt, and heard. In this poem Whitman is explaining how all of humanity is like one living organism, and no one part is more important than the other. In section 44 of "Song of Myself" Whitman says, "We have thus far exhausted trillions of winters and summers, There are trillions ahead, and trillions ahead of them. Births have brought us richness and variety, And other births will bring us richness and variety. I do not call one greater and one smaller, That which fills its period and place is equal to any." It is clear that Whitman had a perspective of the human race and its history that escaped most writers. More specifically, Whitman speaks of equal contribution to the human experience in section 42: "Here and there with dimes on the eyes walking, To feed the greed of the belly the brains liberally spooning, Tickets buying, taking, selling, but in to the feast never once going, Many sweating, ploughing, thrashing, and then the chaff for payment receiving, A few idly owning, and they the wheat continually claiming. This is the city and I am one of the citizens, Whatever interests the rest interests me, politics, wars, markets, newspapers, schools, The mayor and councils, banks, tariffs, steamships, factories, stocks, stores, real estate and personal estate. 3. Emily’s “Because I Could Not Stop for Death” (Over 300 words)The poem begins with a leisurely image. At first, the protagonist feels totally at ease and the usually frightening death is described as if a familiar friend, gentle and polite. Continuingly, the poem is developed upon a basic metaphor that life is a journey. It was truly rather old a comparison, but Dickinson enriched it with her creativity and imagination: "School, where Children strove" --childhood; "Fields of Gazing Grain"--maturity; and "Setting Sun"--old age. Then “the Dews drew quivering and chill-” makes the protagonist feel terribly cold, which may mean that they are getting nearer and nearer to the tomb. But at last, his companions, Immortality and Death, finally desert him and leave him alone to go toward Eternity.So it seems that though death cheats him and at the same time deserts him, the experience of death itself is not painful. Emily Dickinson’s poems just explain this kind of essence of life, which then lead you to a world of imagination and thinking.4. Appreciate the poem “In a Station of the Metro”.The poem is essentially a set of images that have unexpected likeness and convey the rare emotion that Pound was experiencing at that time. Arguably the heart of the poem is not the first line, nor the second, but the mental process that links the two together. "In a poem ofthis sort," as Pound explained, "one is trying to record the precise instant when a thing outward and objective transforms itself, or darts into a thing inward and subjective." This darting takes place between the first and second lines. The pivotal semi-colon has stirred debate as to whether the first line is in fact subordinate to the second or both lines are of equal, independent importance. Pound contrasts the factual, mundane image that he actually witnessed with a metaphor from nature and thus infuses this “apparition” with visual beauty. There is a quick transition from the statement of the first line to the second line’s vivid metaphor; this ‘super-pository’ technique exemplifies the Japanese haiku style. The word “apparition” is considered crucial as it evokes a mystical and supernatural sense of imprecision which is then reinforced by the metaphor of the second line. The plosive word ‘Petals’ conjures ideas of delicate, feminine beauty which contrasts with the bleakness of the ‘wet, black bough’. What the poem signifies is questionable; many critics argue that it deliberately transcends traditional form and therefore its meaning is solely found in its technique as opposed to in its content. However when Pound had the inspiration to write this poem few of these considerations came into view. He simply wished to translate his perception of beauty in the midst of ugliness into a single, perfect image in written form.It is also worth noting that the number of words in the poem (fourteen) is the same as the number of lines in a sonnet. The words are distributed with eight in the first line and six in the second, mirroring the octet-sestet form of the Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet.5. Appreciate the poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snow Evening”.“Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,” like many of Frost's poems, explores the theme of the individual caught between nature and civilization. The speaker's location on the border between civilization and wilderness echoes a common theme throughout American literature. The speaker is drawn to the beauty and allure of the woods, which represent nature, but has obligations—“promises to keep”—which draw him away from nature and back to society and the world of men. The speaker is thus faced with a choice of whether to give in to the allure of nature, or remain in the realm of society. Some critics have interpreted the poem as a meditation on death—the woods represent the allure of death, perhaps suicide, which the speaker resists in order to return to the mundane tasks which order daily life.6. Analyze the poem “The Road Not Taken”.the poem is inspirational, a paean to individualism and non-conformism.The poem consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position.He has been out walking in the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could do that, so therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take. The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions.In this interpretation, the final two lines:I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.are ironic : the choice made little or no difference at all, the speaker's protestations to the contrary. The speaker admits in the second and third stanzas that both paths may be equally worn and equally leaf-covered, and it is only in his future recollection that he will call one road "less traveled by".The sigh, widely interpreted as a sigh of regret, might also be interpreted ironically: in a 1925 letter to Cristine Yates of Dickson, Tennessee, asking about the sigh, Frost replied: "It was my rather private jest at the expense of those who might think I would yet live to be sorry for the way I had taken in life."7. Analyze the poem “Anecdote of the Jar”.This famous, much-anthologized poem succinctly accommodates a remarkable number of different and plausible interpretations, as Jacqueline Brogan observes in a discussion of how she teaches it to her students.It can be approached from a New Critical perspective as a poem about writing poetry and making art generally. From a poststructuralist perspective the poem is concerned with temporal and linguistic disjunction, especially in the convoluted syntax of the last two lines. A feminist perspective reveals a poem concerned with male dominance over a traditionally feminized landscape.A cultural critic might find a sense of industrial imperialism. Brogan concludes: "When thedebate gets particularly intense, I introduce Roy Harvey Pearce's discovery of the Dominion canning jars (a picture of which is then passed around)."8. Analyze T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”. (Over 500words)On the surface, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" relays the thoughts of a sexually frustrated middle-aged man who wants to say something but is afraid to do so, and ultimately does not.The dispute, however, lies in to whom Prufrock is speaking, whether he is actually going anywhere, what he wants to say, and to what the various images refer.The intended audience is not evident. Some believe that Prufrock is talking to another person or directly to the reader, while others believe Prufrock's monologue is internal.Perrine writes "The 'you and I' of the first line are divided parts of Prufrock's own nature", while Mutlu Konuk Blasing suggests that the "you and I" refers to the relationship between the dilemmas of the character and the author. Similarly, critics dispute whether Prufrock is going somewhere during the course of the poem. In the first half of the poem, Prufrock uses various outdoor images (the sky, streets, cheap restaurants and hotels, fog), and talks about how there will be time for various things before "the taking of toast and tea", and "time to turn back and descend the stair." This has led many to believe that Prufrock is on his way to an afternoon tea, in which he is preparing to ask this "overwhelming question". Others, however, believe that Prufrock is not physically going anywhere, but rather, is playing through it in his mind.Perhaps the most significant dispute lies over the "overwhelming question" that Prufrock is trying to ask. Many believe that Prufrock is trying to tell a woman of his romantic interest in her, pointing to the various images of women's arms and clothing and the final few lines in which Prufrock laments that the mermaids will not sing to him. Others, however, believe that Prufrock is trying to express some deeper philosophical insight or disillusionment with society, but fears rejection, pointing to statements that express a disillusionment with society such as "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons" (line 51). Many believe that the poem is a criticism of Edwardian society and Prufrock's dilemma represents the inability to live a meaningful existence in the modern world. McCoy and Harlan wrote "Formany readers in the 1920s, Prufrock seemed to epitomize the frustration and impotence of the modern individual. He seemed to represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment."As the poem uses the stream of consciousness technique, it is often difficult to determine what is meant to be interpreted literally or symbolically. In general, Eliot uses imagery which is indicative of Prufrock's character, representing aging and decay. For example, "When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table"(lines 2-3), the "sawdust restaurants" and "cheap hotels," the yellow fog, and the afternoon "Asleep...tired... or it malingers" (line 77), are reminiscent of languor and decay, while Prufrock's various concerns about his hair and teeth, as well as the mermaids "Combing the white hair of the waves blown back / When the wind blows the water white and black,"show his concern over aging.（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。