四川2020高考英语阅读理解--主旨大意题讲解及选练（含答案）
2020高考英语阅读理解解题指导【1】
阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。
下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。
一、主旨大意题
此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。
一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：What is the text mainly about?/What is the main idea of the text/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：What can be the best title for the text?
阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。
有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。
同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。
此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。
【例1】(2020安徽卷B篇)
Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.
A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
63. The text is mainly about ______.
A. why paving roads reduces our water
B. how much we depend on water to live
C. why droughts occur more in dry climates
D. how human activity affects our water supply
解析：文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的短缺，呼吁大家从我做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。
文章的第一句就揭示了文章的主题：人类活动影响着水资
源的供应。
【例2】(2020天津卷C篇)
Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.
50. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Charm of the Detour
B. The Road to Bravery
C. Creativity out of Necessity
D. Road Trip and Country Life
解析：作者以诗人William Stafford对绕行道的理解引题，加上自己的亲身经历，进一步理解了绕行道更深刻的意义——它会让你发现旅行中最好的部分，也发现最好的自己。
由此我们概括出文章的标题：绕路的魅力。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
My heart beat with that feeling, pumping it like blood to my body as my fingers flew across the piano keys. As the piece neared the end, I stood up to take my final bow. For a second, the room was quiet. Yet, even in that one second, I had enough time to doubt whether I had done everything perfectly. Then, suddenly, the applause came.
“Thank you… so much,” I said, turning to Olga, my piano teacher for six years. “You’ve been an amazing student all these years,” she said, “and I hope that whatever you do, you never stop practicing.”
I leaned forward, promising I would always keep playing because I loved piano, and hugged her.
It turned out to be tha t promises weren’t as meaningful as I’d hoped for them to be. Right after quitting, I kept up my strict practicing schedule. Soon, it began slipping away from me. After all, the reason I had stopped taking lessons was that my schedule was busy with homework. Not long after, I stopped practicing altogether. It was pleasing not to have to stress about piano anymore. But something was shifting inside of me. I was empty inside.
One day I met Michelle, who had also taken piano lessons from Olga for quite a while.
“So, are you still taking lessons from Olga?” She asked.
“Um, no, actually I just quit a while ago,” I replied quickly.
“Oh, that’s a shame,” she responded, “You used to be so good — I remember your performance a year ago; it was breathtaking.”
Two days after talking to Michelle, I subconsciously(潜意识地)sat down on the bench and started playing. I wasn’t even trying to make the notes sound musically correct…I was simply doing what I should have been this entire time: playing, just to be playing.
As the music spread, a familiar feeling rose inside me.
1. According to the passage, the quiet room made the writer doubt .
A. whether she ended the music a little earlier
B. whether she expressed her feeling in music
C. whether she played the piano perfectly
D. whether she was polite to make a bow
2. Why did the writer stop practicing the piano?
A. She lost interest in playing the piano.
B. She was satisfied with her performance.
C. She thought Olga to be too strict with her.
D. She was busy with her homework.
3. After stopping the piano, the writer felt .
A. she seemed to have no purpose in life
B. she got rid of the pressure of life
C. she had more time to do other activities
D. she changed herself into another person
4. Michael seemed to think .
A. the writer could become a famous pianist
B. it was a pity for the writer to stop practicing
C. the writer should be ashamed of her decision
D. the performance of the writer made her heart broken
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，主要介绍了一个很有音乐天赋的女孩，放弃练习弹钢琴后的感受，以及最终重新开始弹钢琴的故事。
1.C【命题立意】细节理解题。
考查考生对具体信息的判断能力
【试题解析】根据第一段倒数第二句话可知，因为作者演奏完之后全场寂静，因此作者怀疑自己演奏的是否完美。
2.D【命题立意】推理判断题。
考查考生推理判断的能力。
【试题解析】根据文章第四段第四句话可知作者因忙于功课而停止了练习弹钢琴。
3.A【命题立意】细节理解题。
考查考生对具体信息的判断能力。
【试题解析】根据第四段最后一句话可知，因为停止弹钢琴，作者感到了生活空虚，因此好像生活没有了目的。
4.B【命题立意】推理判断题。
考查考生推理判断的能力。
【试题解析】根据文章的倒数第三段第一句话和第二句话，可知她认为作者不练习弹钢琴太可惜了，因为她弹得那么好。
阅读理解。
I was working as a consultant in a beer company，helping the president and senior vice-presidents form and carry out their new planning projects.It was really a great challenge.
At the same time，my mother was in the final stages of cancer.
I worked during the day and drove 40 miles home to be with her every night.It was tiring and stressful，but it was what I wanted to do.My commitment was to continue to do excellent consulting during the day，even though my evenings were very hard.I didn’t want to bother the president with my situation，yet I felt someone at the company needed to know what was going on.So I told the
vice-president of Human Resources，asking him not to share the information with anyone.
A few days later，the president called me into his office.
I thought he wanted to talk to me about one of the many issues we were working on.When I entered，he asked me to sit down.He faced me from across his large desk，looked at me in the eye and said，“I hear your mother is very ill.”
I was totally caught by surprise and burst into tears.He just looked at me，let my crying subside (平息)，and then gently said a sentence I will never forget：Whatever you need.
That was it.His understanding and his willingness both to let me be in my pain and to offer me everything were qualities of sympathy that I carry with me to this day.
1．When the author was working in a beer company，his mother________.
A．was concerned about him B．drew the president’s attention
C．was seriously ill D．was proud of her son
解析：由文章第二段可知，作者母亲的病已经到了癌症的晚期，可见病得很严重。
答案： C
2．Although he felt tired and stressed，he felt it his duty to________.
A．carry out their new strategic vision
B．avoid bothering the president
C．tell the vice-president his difficult situation
D．do his job well and look after his mother
解析：由第三段第二句的提示可知，虽然工作既累人压力又大，但是作者还得努力做好并照顾着母亲。
答案： D
3．Most probably，the president got the information from________.
A．a relative of the author’s B．the vice president
C．the author’s good friends D．the author’s colleague
解析：第三段最后一句讲述了作者把母亲患癌症的事告诉了副董事长。
几天以后，董事长就找他谈他母亲的事。
故可推断是副董事长把此事告知了董事长。
答案： B
4．Which of the following can be used to best describe the president?
A．Considerate. B．Intelligent.
C．Honest. D．Consultative.
解析：根据最后一段第二句的描述可知，这位董事长是位考虑周全和体贴的人。
intelligent 聪明的；honest诚实的；consultative商议的，协商的。
答案： A
5．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Understanding Is Everywhere B．Generous President
C．Sympathy Is Needed D．An Unforgetable Memory
解析：从文章最后一段判断，作者对这件事刻骨铭心。
故D项作文章标题最合适。
答案：D。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2020·江西省八所重点中学高三联考)
Bobbi Kristina Brown's family has been gathered around her since she was hospitalized on Saturday after being found unconscious in the bathtub of her suburban Atlanta townhome.
Whitney Houston's only child is now at Emory University Hospital and is still fighting for her life, as
a family statement said on Monday.
Nothing has changed, despite reports that are popping up and painting a more serious picture.
Fox News reported Wednesday that the situation is horrific. “It's now a matter of when the family wants to let go and accept that she's pretty much not going to make it，” a source told FOX411. “They've left it up to the family as to how long they want to keep her alive.”
People Magazine is also reporting that a doctor told Brown's family on Wednesday that nothing more could be done. “Everyone is coming to the hospital to say goodbye，” said a family mem ber.
And the Daily Mail says Brown has been taken off life support.
But Bobby Brown issued a statement late Thursday denying these reports.
“If we issued a statement every time the media published a false report regarding this matter, that's all we would be doing 24 hours a day. This is false, just as is the vast majority of the other reporting that is currently taking place，” he said, according to the Atlanta Journal Constitution.
A source close to the family tells USA TODAY that it's wrong to say the family is gathering to say goodbye, because the family has been there since the beginning, so nothing is any different today for them.
Also, Brown is “not brain dead，” as has been reported.
And, as for other stories saying that the Houston family is feuding with Bobbi Kristina's dad, Bobby Brown? Those aren't true either. They “are NOT fighting，” says our source.
文章大意：本文主要讲Kristina病危，几家报社的报道都失真，一家人仍在祈祷出现奇迹。
1．According to Fox News, Bobbi Kristina is ________.
A．within an inch of life B．on the way to success
C．left aside by her family D．in a good state
答案：A细节理解题。
根据文章第四段可知选A。
within an inch of life半死；on the way to success在成功的路上；left aside by her family被家人放在一边；in a good state状态良好。
2．Bobby Brown holds the opinion that ________.
A．they are busy issuing statements all day
B．the family is saying goodbye to Kristina
C．he is getting along well with the Houston family
D．most journalists are getting the wrong end of the stick.
答案：D细节理解题。
根据文章第七段But Bobby Brown issued a statement late Thursday denying these reports.可知Bobby Brown认为大部分记者报道失真。
故选D。
3．Which can be the best title of the passage?
A. An Accident In The Bathtub
B. Kristina, We're Still Praying And Waiting On A Miracle
C. False Reports From Different News Media
D. Bobbi Kristina's Final Days
答案：B主旨大意题。
通读文章，并根据文章的最后一段可知全家人仍在等待奇迹的出现。
可知B正确。
【2020年沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测（一）】阅读理解。
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。
D
When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. We’ve all gone through periods wh en the people in our lives have changed—graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I don’t think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If you’ve ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.
Most people don’t make these choices consciously (意识到地) though. You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.
There’s no “getting rid of people”.People are always dropping into and out of each other’s lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You don’t get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.
What about loyalty (忠诚)? Shouldn’t you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if their influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn’t you stick by them?
Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to their highest and best self as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren’t sh owing loyalty by smoking right along with him. True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.
It can take a lot of courage to tell some one, “I’m sorry, but I can’t have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it’s often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it’s also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.
1、When experiencing major life changes, people may _______.
A. join a new social community
B. influence their friends around
C. choose their friendships purposely
D. have their people environment changed
2、. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Everyone has at least one friend.
B. It is unnecessary to make new friends.
C. Friendship still exists though there’s less connection.
D. You ought to treat your old and new friends equally.
3. What is the author’s opinion on the loyalty to friends?
A. Never betray your close friends whatever happens.
B. Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness.
C. Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you.
D. Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke.
4. How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?
A. We should accept what we are told to do.
B. We should stay silent and be in favor of it.
C. We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.
D. We should give our boss courage to continue.
参考答案1—4、DCBC
【2020年三省四市高三模拟考试英语能力测试】阅读理解。
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。
A
In his new show, Evan Ruggiero plays guitar, sings pop standards and shows everybody his fine footwork. What makes all of these especially unusual is that Ruggiero, 24, has only one leg.
When he was a 19-year-old musical theater student at New Jersey’s Montclair State University, Ruggiero had a rare bone cancer in his right leg. Finally his leg would have to be amputated(截) below the knee.
Such a setback could have easily ended the career of a less tough person, but Ruggiero, who has been dancing since he was five, now puts the ex perience into his performance. His show, “The One-Legged Song and Dance Man: Volume 3”, explains how he returned to dance just 18 months after the amputation. His dance now relies on the use of a peg leg(假肢)，he explains.
The secret to his surprising succes s, he says, was being a “stubborn” patient who refused to give up on his dance and performing studies, despite the advice of his doctor.
“It was a real setback, but after it was all over, I said, ‘You know what? I need to pick up right there I left off and continue my career,’” Ruggiero said.
Ruggiero has come to view his peg leg as an instrument. “Tap dancers —they’re always calling themselves musicians, and their feet are their instrument,” he said.
Noting that many audience members will never have seen a one-legged dancer before coming to his show, Ruggiero says he won’t shy away from the physical “weakness” his performance shows because of his condition.
“A lot of people have come up to me, and they always say, ‘You’re such a role model and an inspirati on,’ ”he said. “I’m honored when people say that, of course, but I’m just trying to get on with my life.”
1.What makes Ruggiero’s new show unusual?
A. His fine footwork.
B. His own artworks.
C. The use of instrument.
D. Songs of pop standard.
2. According to the passage, it is true that _______.
A. Ruggiero is a tough person with a strong will
B. the setback has ended Ruggiero’s dance career
C. Ruggiero is dancing relying on others’ support
D. his doctor agreed he kept on dancing and studying
3. When audience attend his performance, they may notice ______.
A. Ruggiero plays piano, sings and dances
B. Ruggiero is a dancer with the help of a peg leg
C. there are many tap dancers in the performance
D. Ruggiero pretends to be a physically normal person
4. What’s the author’s attitude to Evan?
A. Worry
B. Sympathy
C. Encouragement
D. Pity
参考答案1—4、AABC。
