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总结: 总结:
动名词作定语表示性质或用途。 动名词作定语表示性质或用途。 作定语表示性质或用途 现在分词作定语表示动作。 现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单 作定语表示动作 词,放在被修饰的名词前;如果是短 放在被修饰的名词前; 语,放就放在被修饰的名词之后。 放就放在被修饰的名词之后。
现在分词做宾补的时候, 现在分词做宾补的时候,表示正在进行 宾补的时候 的动作。 的动作。 e.g. I saw the boy crying sadly. V + sb.+ doing sth. 像这样的单词还有: 像这样的单词还有: make、let、have、look at、 listen to 、 、 、 、 see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, find, leave等。 等
1. 动词 动词-ing形式的构成:是在动词末尾加 形式的构成: 形式的构成 -ing 形式构成,因此又叫动词的 -ing 形 形式构成, 式。如: do --- doing, be --- being, ask --- asking, etc. 否定形式: 否定形式:not+ -ing 构成 2. 动词 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,没有人 形式不能单独作谓语 形式不能单独作谓语, 称和数的变化, 称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语和 状语,还有时态和语态的变化。 状语,还有时态和语态的变化。
— Let's have a rest. . — Not now. I don’t want to stop __________ yet. . A. study C. for studying B. to study D. studying
解析: 意为“ 解析:stop studying意为“停止学习”。 意为 停止学习”
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3. My brother keeps ______ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 4. We should often practise ______ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking
5. The story was so funny that we ______. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh
能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词 有这些, 有这些,看看有什么好方法可以将它们 记住: 记住: make, let, have, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, feel. 对了, 对了,用“三让、三看、两听、 三让、三看、两听、 注意感觉” 多简单! 注意感觉”。多简单!
-ing 形式
European football is played in 80 countries, ___ it the most popular sport in the world. A.making B. makes C. made D. to make
making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语, 为现在分词短语作结果状语, 为现在分词短语作结果状语 这类分词短语常放在句子的后面。 这类分词短语常放在句子的后面。 如: His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
动名词:在句子中起名次作用,可作主, 动名词:在句子中起名次作用,可作主,宾 定的成分。 表,定的成分。
动名词的形式
主动形式 一般 式 完成 式 doing having done 被动形式 being done having been done
1. The v–ing form used as subject: It is necessary to get water from wet to dry place. Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary. It cost nothing to wish for thing. Wishing for things cost nothing.
2. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接 后直接 跟动名词作宾语, 跟动名词作宾语,如果有名词或代词作 宾语,则构成“ 宾语,则构成“ allow/advise/forbid / / 名词/代词+不定式( /permit +名词/代词+不定式(宾语 补足语) 之形式。 补足语)”之形式。如: We don't allow smoking here. . We don't allow anybody to smoke here. .
3. 动词 动词need, require, want意为“需 意为“ 意为 要”时,后跟动名词的主动式或不 定式的被动式作宾语, 定式的被动式作宾语,意义没有区 别。如: The window needs/requires/wants / / cleaning/to be cleaned. / .
1. 动名词和不定式作主语,一般都可以 动名词和不定式作主语, 使用形式主语it , 使用形式主语 it, 而将动名词或不定式 放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜 放在句尾。但是在下列句型中, 用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替: 用动名词,不宜用不定式来代替: It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing …
怎么判断是动名词还是现在分词呢?? 怎么判断是动名词还是现在分词呢??
方法一: 方法一: 在做表语的时候: 在做表语的时候:
My job is teaching. Teaching is my job. 动名词 The boy is sleeping. Sleeping is the boy. 现在分词 A girl is dancing. 现在分词 Dancing is the girl.
2) prep. + Object
只接v-ing作宾语的词组有 作宾语的词组有: 只接 作宾语的词组有 give up, put off, insist on, look forward to, pay attention to, lead to, devote... to, make a contribution to, feel like, stick to He has devoted his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice.
方法二:在做定语的时候: 方法二:在做定语的时候:
a drinking cup 动名词 the sleeping boy 现在分词 a cooking pan 动名词 a cup for drinking a boy for sleeping a pan for cooking
找出右边成立的句子。 找出右边成立的句子。
4. 在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start 后用动 名词和用不定式作宾语均可, 名词和用不定式作宾语均可,意 义没有多大区别。 义没有多大区别。
5. 动词 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大, 后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大, 后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大 须注意: 须注意 forget, regret, remember后跟动名词, 后跟动名词, 后跟动名词 动名词表示已经发生的动作; 动名词表示已经发生的动作;后跟不 定式表示将要发生的动作。 定式表示将要发生的动作。
例如: 例如: It’s no use going there today; he won’t be at home. It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 而 在 It’s important/necessary/advisable/ essential/fitting … 这类句型中,只能用 这类句型中, 不定式, 不定式,如: It’s important to learn foreign languages.
找出右边成立的句子。 找出右边成立的句子。
作表语
(1)动名词 ) My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job.
作表语
(2)现在分词 ) The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he told us.
2. The v–ing form used as object. v. +object Object prep. + object 1) v. + object He likes helping others.
只接v-ing作宾语的动词有: 作宾语的动词有: 只接 作宾语的动词有 admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, escape, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practice, suggest, etc. He suggested practising speaking English in and out of class.
Exercise
1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing C. to repair B. repair D. repaired
2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing
— Let me tell you something about the journalists. . — Don’t you remember ________ me the story yesterday? ? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 解析: 解析 remember telling me意为 意为 记得曾经告诉过我” “记得曾经告诉过我”。
go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下来(别的事)开始 停下来(别的事)
做某事
try doing 试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can't help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事