1. The study of language as a whole is often called ________ linguistics.
A. particular
B. general
C. ordinary
D. generative
2. Traditional grammar regards the ________ form of language as primary, not the spoken form.
A. oral
B. written
C. writing
D. vocal
3. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?
A．Saussure B．Chomsky C．Halliday D．Anonymous 4. According to F. de Saussure, ________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D. Language
5. Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and ________.
A. words
B. sounds
C. objects
D. ideas
6. Which of the following isn’t the design features of human language?
A. arbitrariness
B. performance
C. duality
D. displacement
7. The core of linguistics excludes ________.
A. semantics
B. morphology
C. phonetics
D. psycholinguistics
8. Morphology refers to the ________ of words.
A. science
B. form
C. history
D. system
9. The smallest meaningful unit of language is ________.
A. morpheme
B. phone
C. phoneme
D. allomorpheme
10. The word “boyish” contains two ________.
A. phonemes
B. morphs
C. morphemes
D. allomorphs
11. ________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
A. Free
B. Bound
C. Root
D. Affix
12. Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are called ________ morphemes.
A. inflectional
B. independent
C. free
D. derivational
13. ________ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.
A. Prefixes
B. Suffixes
C. Roots
D. Affixes
14. In English “-ise” and “-tion” are called ________.
A. prefixes
B. suffixes
C. infixes
D. free morphemes
15. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of ________ to form a new word.
A. root
B. affix
C. stem
D. word
16. The words such as “lab” and “doc” are ________.
A. formed by blending
B. acronyms
C. coined by back-formation
D. clipped words
17. Chinese, the most popular language of the world, belongs to the ________ family.
A. Indo-European
B. Sino-Tibetan
C. Austronesian
D. Afroasiatic
18. An important set of extensive sound changes affecting vowels, known as the Great V owel Shift, occurred at the end of the ________.
A. Old English period
B. Middle English period
C. Modern English period
D. Middle ages
19. The most widely-spread morphological changes in the historical development of English are the loss and addition of ________.
A. prefixes
B. suffixes
C. affixes
D. case markings
20. The most dramatic morphological loss concerns the loss of ________.
A. gender markings
B. case markings
C. tense markings
D. both A and B
21. The most vigorous and on-going change in the historical development of a language is the change in its ________.
A. sound
B. vocabulary
C. morphological system
D. syntax
