影响GDP增长的经济因素分析
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影GDP增长的经济因素分析
国际经济与贸易钟颀40502049
1978年十一届三中全会以后,在邓小平总设计师的指引下,中国开始了改革开放。改
革开放的三十年中,我国GDP逐年增长,经济发展速度令世界瞩目。为更好的了解我国经济
增长的原因,现对影响我国GDP增长的经济因素进行了分析。
下表提供了我国1978——2005年的GDP及其主要影响因素的数据。其中Y=GDP(亿元);
X1=能源消费总量(万吨标准煤);X2=就业人员(万人);X3=居民消费水平(元);X4=农
业总产值(亿元);X5=社会消费品零售总额(亿元);X6=进出口贸易总额(亿元)
Obs X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y 1978 57144 40152 184 **** ****.6 355 3645.2175 1979 58588 41024 208 1697.6 1800 454.6 4062.5792 1980 60275 42361 238 1922.6 2140 570 4545.624 1981 59447 43725 264 2180.62 2350 735.3 4889.4611 1982 62067 45295 288 2483.26 2570 771.3 5330.451 1983 66040 46436 316 2750 2849.4 860.1 5985.5516 1984 70904 48197 361 3214.13 3376.4 1201 7243.7517 1985 76682 49873 446 3619.49 4305 2066.7 9040.7366 1986 80850 51282 497 4013.01 4950 2850.4 10274.379 1987 86632 52783 565 4675.7 5820 3084.2 12050.615 1988 92997 54334 714 5865.27 7440 3822 15036.823 1989 96934 55329 788 6534.73 8101.4 4156 17000.919 1990 98703 64749 833 7662.09 8300.1 5560.1 18718.322 1991 103783 65491 932 8157.03 9415.6 7225.8 21826.199 1992 109170 66152 1116 9084.7 10993.7 9119.6 26937.276 1993 115993 66808 1393 10995.5 14270.4 11271 35260.025 1994 122737 67455 1833 15750.5 18622.9 20381.9 48108.456 1995 131176 68065 2355 20340.9 23613.8 23499.9 59810.529 1996 138948 68950 2789 22353.7 28360.2 24133.8 70142.492 1997 137798 69820 3002 23788.4 31252.9 26967.2 77653.135 1998 132214 70637 3159 24541.9 33378.1 26849.7 83024.28 1999 133830.97 71394 3346 24519.1 35647.9 29896.2 88188.955 2000 138552.58 72085 3632 32917.93 39105.7 39273.2 98000.454 2001 143199.21 73025 3869 37213.49 43055.4 42183.6 108068.22 2002 151797.25 73740 4106 43499.91 48135.9 51378.2 119095.69 2003 174990.3 74432 4411 29691.8 52516.3 70483.5 135174 2004 203226.7 75200 4925 36238.99 59501 95539.1 159586.7 2005 223319 75825 5439 39450.89 67176.6 116921.8 183956.1
现估计模型为Y=c+A1*X1+A2*X2+A3*X3+A4*X4+A5*X5+A6*X6+U
一、平衡性检验和协整检验
将被解释变量Y与解释变量X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6进行多元回归,可以得出残差序列e,通过残差序列的线性图形(表1.1):
结果如下(表1.2):
Null Hypothesis: E has a unit root
Exogenous: Constant
Lag Length: 0 (Automatic based on SIC, MAX LAG=6)
t-Statistic Prob.*
Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic -3.149281 0.0347
Test critical values: 1% level -3.699871
5% level -2.976263
10% level -2.627420
*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.
Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation
Dependent Variable: D(E)
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/17/07 Time: 22:15
Sample (adjusted): 1979 2005
Included observations: 27 after adjustments
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
E(-1) -0.534039 0.169575 -3.149281 0.0042
C -29.52296 117.8645 -0.250482 0.8043
R-squared 0.284036 Mean dependent var -18.20297
Adjusted R-squared 0.255398 S.D. dependent var 709.4155
S.E. of regression 612.1570 Akaike info criterion 15.74304
Sum squared resid 9368406. Schwarz criterion 15.83903
Log likelihood -210.5311 F-statistic 9.917968
Durbin-Watson stat 1.880914 Prob(F-statistic) 0.004207
由上面的结果可以看出,残差序列e在显著性水平为0.05的条件下,没有通过显著性检验,即e平稳,因此可以得出原模型协整,可以进行下面的回归。
二、多重共线性检验
1、检验:
利用OLS对以上参数进行估计,结果如下(表2.1.1):
Dependent Variable: Y
Method: Least Squares
Date: 12/11/07 Time: 20:56
Sample: 1978 2005
Included observations: 28
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
C 526.0417 1206.635 0.435957 0.6673
X1 -0.068108 0.027789 -2.450889 0.0231
X2 0.060175 0.054780 1.098501 0.2844
X3 12.91381 1.869650 6.907075 0.0000
X4 -0.040553 0.054016 -0.750771 0.4611
X5 0.989014 0.196857 5.024023 0.0001
X6 0.499221 0.044154 11.30638 0.0000
R-squared 0.999887 Mean dependent var 51166.32
Adjusted R-squared 0.999855 S.D. dependent var 52735.89
S.E. of regression 635.9707 Akaike info criterion 15.96050
Sum squared resid 8493633. Schwarz criterion 16.29355
Log likelihood -216.4470 F-statistic 30938.68
Durbin-Watson stat 1.728146 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000