一般现在时
I: The Present Simple Tense 一般现在时
表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态．常和 always, often, usually, every day, sometimes等表示时间的状语连用．
动词be:除第一人称单数（I）用am，第三人称单数用is外，其余一律用are.
行为动词：除第三人称单数做主语时由动词原形加词尾-s或-es外，其余一律用动词原形.
现将动词be, 和行为动词（以know为例）在肯定、否定、一般疑问和简略回答中的形式列表如下：
表一
动词肯定否定
be I am …
You are …
He /She/It is …
We /You/They are …I am not …
You are not …
He /She/It is not …We /You/They are not…
行为动词
know I /You know …
He /She/It knows …
We /You/They know …
I /You do not know …
He /She/It does not knows …
We /You/They do not know …
表二
动词一般疑问简略回答
be Are you …?
Is he …?
Are they …?
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
Yes, we are.
No, we are not.
Yes, he is.
No, he is not.
Yes, they are.
No, they are not.
行为动词
know Do you know …?
Does he know …?
Do they know …?
Yes, I do.
No, I do not.
Yes, we do.
No, we do not.
Yes, he does.
No, he does not.
Yes, they do.
No, they don’t.
练习：请写出以上两句的一般疑问句和简略回答。
简略式：
is not = isn’t are not = aren’t do not = don’t does not = doesn’t
但am not 无简略式，不能写成amn’t
第三人称单数形式的词尾变化如下：
在一般现在时中, 当主语是第三人称单数时, 行为动词用第三人称单数形式, 即加 -s 或–es 的形式. 具体方法如下：
1.一般情况下，直接加 -s
eg. works， plays, rains, sees
2.以 sh, ch, s, x 或 o 结尾的词后加–es
eg. washes, teaches, fixes, does, goes
3.以辅音字母加 -y 结尾的，先把‘y’ 改成‘i’, 再加 -es
eg. studies, flies, carries
注意:动词加 -s 以后的读音.
动词加-s后的读音
1.在[p] [t] [k] [f] 等清辅音后，发清辅音 /s/
eg. helps , works, likes, hates ,laughs
2.在浊辅音和元音后，发浊辅音 /z/
eg. drives, cleans, plays
3.在[s] [z] [∫ ] [ ] [ ]后，发 /iz/
rises, wishes, teaches, urges
4.在[t] [d]后，发/ts/ /dz/
eg. fits, sets, needs
5. 其他情况下发[z]
eg. plans, cries, shows
一般现在时的主要用法：
1.表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或日常的习惯，常与every day, often, always
sometimes 等时间状语连用。
eg. She gets up at six every day.
She is our teacher of English.
We go there once a week.
2.表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
eg. Tom studies very hard.
She is always ready to help others.
I major in English.
3.表示客观事实或普遍真理。
eg. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
The water boils at 100℃.
Actions speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。（谚语）
4.在故事和叙事中，为了生动活泼的需要。
5.新闻标题或小说章节的题目。
Bank Robbery :Robbers take $ 1,000,000.标
银行抢劫案：匪徒抢走1000000美元。
练习:将下列问句变为否定句
1) They meet at the party.
2) She works in a school.
将下列句子变为一般问句，并作出肯定、否定回答。
She comes from Australia.
特殊疑问句：就句中某一部分提问的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句. 它一般是以WH开始的疑问句，也可以叫WH的question。特殊疑问句的构成是：疑问词+ 一般疑问句（提问主语或主语的一部分时除外）回答时，要根据具体情况进行回答.
主要疑问词有：who, whose, whom, what, which, when, where, why, how等.
