Lesson 3专有名词&连词
Unit 2 Traveling around the world
语 法 精 讲
专有名词和并列连词
一、专有名词的定义和分类
1. 专有名词表示特定的人名、地点或者组织机构的名称，专有名词一般具有独一性。除了个别
以外，专有名词通常没有复数形式。例如：
(1)
Jenny 珍妮Smith 史密斯China 中国Asia 亚洲London 伦敦
(2) 名称：
The United States 联合国Bank of China 中国银行May五月份Sunday 星期天
The Guardian《卫报》
(3) 家庭关系、个人头衔：
Mum 妈妈Doctor Black 布莱克医生Captain Grey 格雷船长Mr Jack 杰克先生
Miss White怀特小姐
2.专有名词的注意事项：
(1)因为专有名词具有专有独一性，所以一般情况下，专有名词的第一个字母要大写，不能
在
专有名词的前面加上不定冠词“a”，也不能在专有名词词尾加上表示复数形式的“s”.
例如：
is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
但是有时候专有名词可以转化成为普通名词，转换后它就具有普通名词的特性了，即就可
以在它的前面加上不定冠词“a”，在它的词尾加上表示复数的”s”了，以下就是专有名
词转换成为普通名词的例子：
called you just now. 刚才有一位格林先生给你打了电话(此时a Mr Green = a man called Mr Green)
I knew , but not the famous one. 我认识一个叫约翰.列侬的人，但不是
著名的那位。
(2)姓氏是专有名词，一般没有复数形式，而且也不能加定冠词“the”,但是，当姓氏前面加
上定冠词”the”,在后面加上“-s”,那就表示一家人。例如：
are watching TV in the dinning room. 史密斯一家正在客厅看电视。
(3)有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式，但是在实际使用中位于动词通常采用单数形式。例
如：
was organized in1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
二、并列连词的分类和用法
1. 在英语中，连词是连接单词、短语、句子的一种虚词，在句子中不单独做任何成分。按照性
质，连词可以分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词可以用来表示并列关系，转折关系或者因果关系。今天我们要讲的就是3个并列连词：and(表示并列); but(表示转折); so (表示因果)。
(1) 连词and ：
用来表示并列关系，意思是“和；又”，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子。
例如：
His name is David, he is a teacher. (连接两个句子)他的名字叫大卫，他是一名老师。
Our teacher is kind helpful. (连接两个形容词)我们老师和蔼可亲，乐于助人。
Do something, and you will ..... 做某事，你就会......
Be careful, you will do better. 仔细些，你就会做得更好。
(2) 连词but：
用来表示转折关系，意思是“但是”。所连接的成分意思相对或者相反。例如：
I can speak English, I can’t write it well. 我会说英语，但是写的不好。
The car is very old, it can run fast. 小汽车很旧了，但是跑得很快。
I’m sorry, but ....... 对不起，........
I’m sorry, I have to look after my mother. 对不起，我得照顾我妈妈。
(3) 连词so:
用来表示因果关系，意思是“因此；所以”，常常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。
例如：
I have many friends, I feel very happy. 我有很多朋友，所以我很开心。
* 不能和because 出现在同一个句子中，也就是说，使用了so就不能用because, 使用了
because 就不能用so. 例如：
it is near my house, so I can walk to school. (错)
It is near my house, I can walk to school. (对)
it is near my house, I can walk to school. (对)
课 堂 检 测
一、在横线上填上合适的冠词或者连词
1. ---Do you know Paris? ---Yes, it is capital of .
2. ---John，there is_______________ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you．
3. China is to the north of Australia.
4. Of all the continents, Asia is the most civilizing one.
5. China Daily is one of the most popular newspapers in China.
6. Greys are eating dinner in the house.
7. Mary Joanne are my sisters.
8. He studies very hard he gets good grades every time.
9. I looked everywhere, I couldn’t find my pink sweater.
10. He did not have enough money for a soda and chips, he bought a asoda.
11. I wanted to call you last night, my mother was on the phone.
12. Tim Matt went to a basketball game with their friends.
13. I can not pick you up after school, you have to walk home.
14. There was no food in the refrigerator, we ordered a pizza.
15. She went to the store bought a pair of shoes.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. Two (two) girls spent 3 hours doing homework on Friday.
A．/ ；/ B．The ；the C．/ ；the
( ) 2. Bill (bill) of Rights is one of the most powerful documents in United States.
A. the；不填B．a；不填C．不填：the ( ) 3. In April, Blakes are going fishing near a lake.
A. the；a B．the；不填C．不填；the
( ) 4. —How can I wake up so early?
—Set the alarm at 5 o’clock, ________ you’ll make it.
A. but
B. or
C. and
( ) 5. English is understood all over the world ,________ Turkey is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
A. while
B. when
C. but
( ) 6. ---I won’t go to the party tomorrow.
---________ you told me you would. What’s happening?
A. But
B. So
C. And
( ) 7. Mike did something wrong, _______ the headmaster is talking with him.
A. so
B. but
C. and
( ) 8. ---Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?
---I’m sorry, ______ there aren’t any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?
A. but
B. and
C. or
( ) 9. The war was over about three months ago, _______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having
a lot of
trouble to deal with.
A. or
B. and
C. but
( ) 10.--- Can you play the guitar?
--- Sorry, I can’t. ____ I can sing some English songs.
A. And
B. But
C. Or ( ) 11. --- Can you play football?
---Yes, ________ I can't play it very well.
A. And
B. But
C. Or
( ) 12. Plan everything ahead, _____ you will live an easy life.
A. and
B. but
C. for
( ) 13.Tom wanted to take some good photos, ______ he lost his camera.
A. or
B. and
C. so
( ) 14. Jason was ill yesterday, ________ he didn’t go to school.
A. or
B. but
C. for
( ) 15. Tim got up late this morning, _______ he had to go to school by taxi.
A. or
B. so
C. and
写作练习：
假设你是王杰，你的笔友Jimmy对中国很感兴趣，请你根据以下要点给她写信简单介绍我们的国家。
提示：
1．中国的地理位置。
2．名胜古迹，北京长城，杭州西湖。
3．中国小吃也很有名。
4．中国还有很多节日很有趣。
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____
课后作业
一、翻译句子
1 见到你很高兴。(be glad to do sth. )
___________________________________________________________
2 西安有很多名胜古迹。(place of interest)
__________________________________________________________
3 吴彦祖是中国最帅的男演员之一。( one of +adj.最高级+n.复数)
___________________________________________________________
4. 这本书值得一看。(worth doing sth. )
___________________________________________________________
5. 正如你所知道的，我不是那个女孩。( as you know )
____________________________________________________________
6. 我很确定我是一个好学生。( am sure sb. that )
___________________________________________________________
二、完型填空
At eleven o’clock __1__ Wednesday morning, Tom was walking along Main Street when he heard two shots. He thought they had come from the bank. He ran to the bank and saw a man __2__out. The man was short and fat with red hair. More importantly, he had a bag of money 3 a gun in his hand. Before Tom __4__ do something, the man had run to the street and Tom then couldn’t see him.
That afternoon, Tom __5__ to see a film. He saw the thief inside the hall. And he __6__ the police up __7__ once.
The police arrived in __8__ five minutes. They caught the thief just as he was leaving the cinema. What an __9__ day for Tom! And __10__ of all, the bank gave him 100 yuan in return.
( ) 1. A. on B. in C. at.
( ) 2. A. came B. comes C. coming
( ) 3. A. and B. or C. but
( ) 4. A. couldn’t B. won’t C. could
( ) 5. A. goes B. is going C. went
( ) 6. A. rang to B. rang C. calling
( ) 7. A. in B. on C. at
( ) 8. A. less than B. less as C. little as
( ) 9. A. excited B. exciting C. interesting
( ) 10. A. best B. better C. worse
三、语法填空
Ben’s grandmother is a short woman with grey hair. She cooked tasty food, which Ben thinks was the 1. (delicious) in the world. She looked after her family. She was always 2. ___________ (cheer), kind and never lost her temper. However, she passed away two years ago. Ben 3. ___________ (real) misses her a lot.
Joyce’s best friend Alice is a tall girl 4. glasses. She tells Joyce jokes 5. her happy, but she never laughs at 6. (other). Alice is also 7. clever girl who does well in maths. They two often study and play together. Joyce hopes they 8. (be) friends forever.
Amy’s maths teacher Mr. Li is tall and thin. He uses many games in teaching and 9. ________ classes are always interesting. 10. he’s strict to his students, he always encourages and supports them.
词组
1. places of interest 名胜古迹
2. such as 例如
3. in the centre of 在……中心
4. by the sea 在海边
5. on the coast 在海岸
6. try doing sth. 尝试做某事
7. prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事8. different from 与……不同
9. be famous for 因……而闻名10. why not 为什么
11. go on holiday 去度假12. be friends with sb. 与某人交朋友13. far away from 远离14. in the future 在未来
15. be interested in 对……感兴趣16. write to sb. 写信给某人
17. continue to do sth. 继续做某事18. go backpacking (背着背包)去徒步旅行
英英释义
1. prefer to do sth. = like to do sth. better 更喜欢做某事
2. why not do sth. = why don’t you do sth. 为什么不做某事，……怎么样
3. be silly to do sth. = It’s silly of sb. to do sth. 做某事很愚蠢
4. get to = arrive in/at = reach 到达
5. be friends with sb. = make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
Lesson 4 词汇拓展
Unit 2 Traveling around the world
词汇&短语
1、possible adj. 可能的
【拓展】: adv. _______________可能地，或许，尽量
n. _______________可能性；可能
【搭配】：尽可能____________________________
如果可能的话_______________________
【翻译句子】：你可以达成八十去那里.
It is for you .
你必须尽早来这儿
You must come here ___________________________.
2、Europe n. 欧洲
【拓展】：adj. 欧洲的
n. 欧洲人
【翻译句子】法国在西欧France .
这些亚洲人正在欧洲旅游These are __________________.
3、south n. 南方；南部
【拓展】adj. 南方的；南部的
n. 东北方向
n. 西北方向
n. 西南方向
n. 东南方向
【辨析】in the south of & on the south of & to the south of
(1) A is in the south of B, 译为A在B的西部，A包含在B内部，比如湖南在中国南部。
(2) A is on the south of B, 译为A在B的南部，AB相邻。
(3) A is to the south of B, 译为A在B的南面，AB不相邻。
【翻译句子】我的家位于东湖公园的南面。
My house . ( 不属于东湖公园也不接壤) 湖南位于中国的南部。
Hunan (属于中国并且位于中国的南部)
湖南位于湖北的南部。
Hunan . (on表示不属于同一范畴但有接壤)
4、lie v . 位于；坐落在；说谎；平躺
【辨析】和lie相关的单词的含义
(1) lie 躺下：过去式：过去分词：现在分词：__________
(2) lie 坐落：过去式：过去分词：现在分词：___________
(3) lie 撒谎：过去式：过去分词：现在分词：___________
(4) lay 下蛋，产卵；摆放：过去式：过去分词：_______现在分词：
___________
【搭配】躺下_________________________
位于__________________________
对某人说谎____________________
善意的谎言____________________
【翻译句子】他躺在床上。He _______________________________________________.
日本坐落在中国的东部。
Japan ______________________________________.
我从他的脸上看出他在说谎。
I that _________________.
他把手放再我的肩膀上。
he _______________________________________.
5、perfect adj. 完美的；极好的；纯然的
【拓展】：adv. 完美地；彻底地
n. 完美
【搭配】熟能生巧___________________
【翻译句子】他讲俄语讲得极为地道。He can _________________________.
6、finish v. 完成；结束；终止
过去式: 过去分词：___________________
现在分词：第三人称单数：________________ 【搭配】做完某事___________________
【TIPS】finish 是瞬间性动词，用在完成时态中不能喝for, since 等表示持续一段时间的时间状语连用，需要改成over. 例如：电影已经结束两分钟了。
正：The film has been over for 2 minutes.
误：The film has finished for 2 minutes.
【翻译句子】他昨晚九点做完作业。He at___________________.
会议已经结束两天了。The meeting ____________________________.
7、lift n. 电梯；升降机
【拓展】v. 提高；举起；移开
【搭配】搭乘电梯____________________
【翻译句子】你可以搭乘电到达塔顶。You can ________________________________.
我将胳膊举过了头顶。I ________________________________________. 8、step n. 步骤；脚步；台阶；级别
【拓展】v. 迈步；行走；踩踏
过去式：过去分词: _______________
现在分词：第三人称单数：____________ 【搭配】逐步地__________________ 第一步___________________ 继父______________________ 后母_____________________ 【翻译句子】你记住这些步骤很容易的。It is _____________________________.
别踩小草！Don’t __________________________________________.
9、receive n. 接收者；听话筒
【拓展】v. 收到；接到；接纳；接待
过去式: 过去分词: _______________
现在分词：第三人称单数:___________ 【辨析】receive & accept & take 这三个词都有“接受”的意思
(1) receive: 只表示收到这一客观事实，内心是否接受不知道
(2) accept: 表示主动而且高兴地接受
(3) take: 所表示的接受包含着有人赠与的意思
【翻译句子】如果你收到一封信，请把它交给老板
If you _________________________________________
她收到了他的礼物，但是她是不会接收的
She has _______________________________________
你接受了他的建议了吗？Did you_______________________
重点短语：
1. Why not do sth.?= why don’t you do sth.? 为什么不做.......
今年为什么不去参观法国呢？
=___________________________
2. with + 名词或者名词短语，表示“带有”
中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家
China __________________________________________________
3. Would like to do sth. = want to do sth. 想要做某事
我想要喝一杯茶
I = I __________________________
4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
约翰常常在家练习弹钢琴
John _____________________________________________________
随 堂 检 测
从下面每小题的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以替换划线部分的最佳选项。
( ) 1. They will go to see the old scientist.
A. call
B. help
C. visit
( ) 2. France is a country with a lot of beautiful places.
A.many
B. much
C. some
( ) 3. French farmers grow grapes to make excellent French wine.
A. very boring
B. very good
C. very bad
( ) 4. Japanese cars are not the same as ours.
A. better than
B. different from
C. worse than
( ) 5. Tom prefers playing football to playing basketball.
A. doesn’t like....or
B. Likes...better than
C. Likes.... as ( ) 6. Uncle John lives on the coast.
A. close to the sea
B. far away from the sea
C. close to the water ( ) 7. I had a good time during the summer holiday.
A. enjoyed myself
B. had free time
C. felt bad
( ) 8. France is famous for its fine food.
A. learned
B. well-know
C. grow
( ) 9 Kitty enjoys making snowballs in winter.
A. loves
B. hates
C. choose
( ) 10. Futian District lies in the central of Shenzhen.
A.is located in
B. stands
C. exists
二、词形转换
1. France is a (west) European country.
2. I can jump (high) than Jack.
3. You will find a lot of (place) of interest if you go to Beijing.
4. The tree I planted last year (grow) higher than I imagine.
5. Bruce (prefer) playing football to playing baseball.
6. Uncle Wang and uncle Lei spent their whole holidays (ski) on the snow mountain.
7. We can learn many (interest) things about the tower if we listen to the guide carefully.
8. It is impossible for me to walk from the fourth floor to the (one) floor in one minute.
9. Where did you (stay) during the holiday?
10. It is better to be a giver than to be a (receive).
11. If you prefer (visit) France in winter, you can go skiing on the mountains.
12. Some people in Canada speak English and others speak (France)
13. Now it’s (possible) for human beings to live on Mars.
14. I made some friends with some (Europe) on the internet.
15. Our city (lie) in the south of China.
阅 读 训 练
A篇
The police in the big city were looking for a thief. At last they caught him. But while they were taking photos of him from the front, from the left and from the right; with a hat and without a hat, he suddenly hit the policemen and ran off. They tried to catch him but he got away.
Then a week later, the telephone rang in the police station and somebody said. “You are looking for Bill Cross, aren’t you?” “Yes?” “Well, he left here for Water bridge an hour ago.” Water bridge was a small town about a hundred miles from the city. The city police at once sent four of the different photos of the thief to the police in Water bridge. About twelve hours later, they got a telephone call from Water bridge. “We’ve caught three of the men,” they said happily, “and we’ll catch the fourth this evening, we think.”
( ) 1. The police in the big city took ____________ photos of the thief.
A. many
B. five
C. four
( ) 2. The thief got away ____________.
A. before he hit the policemen
B. though the policemen tried hard to catch him
C. because he was afraid of the policemen
( ) 3. Which of the following is true?
A. The bridge in the small town is about a hundred miles long.
B. The telephone from Water bridge said the thief had left an hour before.
C. The police in the big city kept looking for the thief.
( ) 4. The police in Water bridge ____________.
A. knew there was only one thief
B. had helped the thief to run away
C. didn’t know the thief well enough
( ) 5. After reading through the story, we’ve got to know ____________.
A. what the thief’s name was Bill Cross
B. how the thief went to Water bridge
C. why the policemen took so many photos
重要句型掌握
1. what about/ how about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？
这个句型一般用于疑问句当中，表示说话者建议去进行某一项活动或者发出提议。
去少年宫怎么样？
___________________________________________________
和我一起去爬山如何？
___________________________________________________
2. too…to… 太……而不能……
我太害怕了以至于一句话也说不出来
___________________________________________________
他太小了还不能上学
___________________________________________________
3. used to… 过去常常……
此短语表示过去经常发生的某个动作或者某种状态，注意在这个句型当中，used to 结构前面没有be动词。
我过去常常呆在图书馆里面阅读书籍或者杂志
I ___________________________________________________
我过去常常骑自行车去上学
I_________________________________________
4. the + 比较级，the + 比较级越……越……
小脑越大，动物就越聪明
the brain, the animal.
他们卖的产品越多，赚的钱就越少
they sell, they make.
5. What’s wrong/the matter with… ……出什么问题了？
那只小狗怎么了？
_______________________________ little dog?
莉莉今天怎么了？
_______________________________ Lily.
【综合演练】
1. 冰箱出什么故障了？噪音太大。
_______________________________ the fridge? It’s so noisy.
2. 噢，你不喜欢这个颜色。那件蓝色的怎么样？
Oh, you don’t like this color. _______________________________ that blue one?
3. 你女儿只有四岁，太小了不能上学。
Your daughter is only four. She_______________________________ go to school.
4. 做练习你越仔细，出的错就越少。
_________________ you do exercises, _________________ you will make.
5. 我过去常常和我的朋友们在学校的操场玩耍
I__________________________________ in the school playground.
课后作业
一、选择填空
i.根据句意，选择与划线部分意思最接近的选项。
( ) 1. I saw a huge picture in the street yesterday.
A. small
B. very little
C. very big ( ) 2. --Where is the City Bookshop? -- Follow me. I’m going there.
A. Run after
B. Go after
C. Catch up with ( ) 3. They are pleased to meet each other.
A. happy
B. sad
C. angry ( ) 4. All of them went to Xiaomeisha except me.
A. with
B. for
C. but not ( ) 5. --What about this jumper? --I like it. I’ll have it. How much is it?
A. want
B. like
C. buy
( ) 6. Linda likes watching TV with her parents.
A. enjoys
B. would like
C. love
( ) 7. I like the coat. But I think it’s too dear.
A. light
B. expensive
C. cheap
( ) 8. -- What’s the time?
-- It’s a quarter past eight.
A. fifteen minutes
B. ten minutes
C. half an hour
ii.选择恰当的词汇或短语完成句子。
( ) 9. If they come, we ________a meeting.
A. have
B. will have
C. had
( ) 10. I won’t call him ________ he call me first.
A. after
B. unless
C. if
( ) 11. ___________ the people there ___________? Nice and friendly.
A. How is, like
B. What are, like
C. How are, like ( ) 12. This book is ___________ interesting. I like it ___________ better than that one.
A. very, little
B. much, much
C. quite, much
( ) 13. When did you___________ here?
A. got to
B. reached
C. reach
( ) 14. I___________ my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.
A. did
B. would do
C. was doing ( ) 15. What ___________ the weather like yesterday? It __________ a nice day.
A. was, was
B. were, were
C. is, was
二、阅读理解
A football coach walked into the waiting room before a big match. He looked at Wilson, his Star Player, and said to him, "I'm not supposed to (不应该) let you play because you failed in the math test. However, we really need you in this match. So, I'll give you a chance and ask you a math question. And if you answer it, correctly, you will be allowed to play."
Of course, Wilson was pleased and agreed. Then the coach looked into his eyes seriously and asked, "Okay, now listen carefully and tell me the answer to this question: What is two plus two?" Wilson thought for a few minutes and then answered,”4?"
"Are you sure it is 4?" the coach got very excited because Wilson had given the right answer. Suddenly, all the other players on the team began shouting (喊叫), “Come on, coach, please give him another chance!"
( ) 1. The coach thought Wilson did badly in __________.
A. football
B. math
C. history ( ) 2. The coach decided to give Wilson a chance because __________.
A. he played football well
B. the match needed more players
C. the other players asked him for help
( ) 3. The underlined word "chance" means “__________” in Chinese.
A.机会
B.线索
C.建议( ) 4. _________ so the coach got very excited.
A Wilson got the right answer
B. The other players shouted to him
C. Wilson got the wrong answer
( ) 5. According to the story, we know that all the other players __________.
A. liked talking with their coach
B. didn't want to play the football
C. want Wilson to join in the match
Word List
1. possible adj. 可能的
2. Europe n. 欧洲
3.as .... as possible 尽可能if possible 如果可以的话
4.lie down 躺下
lie in = be located in 位于
5. south n. 南方
6. practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
7. lie v. 坐落于；说谎；位于；平躺8. perfect adj. 完美的；极好的
9.prefer (doing ) .... to (doing).... =
like ....better than 比起....，更喜欢
10. take the lift 搭乘电梯
11. finish doing 完成做某事12. step by step 逐步地
13. greet to sb. 向某人问候，打招呼14.why not do sth. = why don’t you do sth.
为什么不....
并列连词和从属连词 连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then 等等。 1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词；短语或句子。并列连词包括：基本并列连词如and, or , but , 关联连词如either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等；介于并列连词与从属连词之间的连词；介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外还有些'半连接词'，一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词，如nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，它们在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上，而不是从形式上连接句子，其关系比较松散。 1) 表示意义转折和对比的并列连词 常见的有：but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等词语。 2) 表示选择的并列连词 常见的有：or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如： Either ...or 和whether...or 表示选择，其意义比单用or 要强，但由whetrher...or 构成的并列结构一般只能担任句子的从属成分。上例中最后一句，whether...or 结构在句中担任句子的从属成分。Either ...or 和or 一样，可以连接两个并列的独立分句，而whether...or 则不可以。or 用于表示否定的条件意义时，有时可与连用。 Or 连接主语时，如主语都是单数，动词则取单数形式；如主语都是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是单数，有的是复数，动词的数则与它靠近的主语的数相一致。 连接两个主语时，动词的数也应与靠近他的主语的数相一致。例如： Neither he nor I am a good student. 3) 表示因果意义的并列并列连词 常见的有：for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如：The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped. It rained , therefore the game was called off. 表示原因的并列连词只有for ，它所引导的分句只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 引导的分句只能置于句末，而且必须用逗号与前一分句隔开。上面所提到的so,therefore 等词，有的语法学家把它们做为连接性状语。 4) 表示联合关系的并列连词 常见的有：and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。 当neither...nor, not only ...but also 连接主语时，动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致。Both ...and 不能连接两个以上的并列成分，也不能连接分句。例如：误：Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it. 5) 其它并列连词 常见的有：as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等. (1) as well as 表示'同' 和'也' 的意义 as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上,A as well as B=not only B but also A. (2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如: (3) rather than 表示'而不是' 之意. (4) no less than 表示' 同... 一样' 之意. 当as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致. 在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:
并列连词与并列结构 并列连词引导两个并列的句子。 1)and 与or 判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something. (对) They started to dance and sing. (对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 解析：第一句：and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk 应改为talked。 第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为sing。 第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper 应改为whispering。 注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. One more effort, and you'll succeed.= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed. 2)both …and两者都 She plays (both) the piano and the guitar. 3)not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且） She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意：not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 4)neithe…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. neither…nor…一起用时，作为关联性的并列连词，连接语法功能相同的平行结构：Neither you nor he konws it. (连接用作主语的代词) The old man can neither read nor write. (连接动词) I drink neither coffee nor tea. (连接宾语) The story is neither interesting nor instructive. (连接用作表语的形容词) Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. (连接介词宾语) I believe neither what you said before nor what you are saying now. (连接宾语从句) 注意： (1)Neither置于句首时，neither…nor…所连接的分句均须主谓倒装： I don't like that girl. Neither have I dated her for a dance(约她跳舞) nor will I do so. Neither does he play the cello nor does his brother. (2)Neither…nor…连接主语时，后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致： Neither Ike nor I am going to attend the meeting. (动词与靠近，故用am。) Neither Ike nor he is going to attend the meeting. (动词与he靠近，故用is。) (3)neither…nor…作“既不…也不…”解，故谓语动词必须用肯定式，不能用否定式
并列连词when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词when 是不同的。这主要表现在以下几个方面： 1. 位置：when 引导时间状语从句时，该从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后；而并列连词when 只能位于两个分句之间，而且前面常常有逗号。例如： Come when you please. 你高兴来就来吧。（when 为从属连词） When I saw him，he was writing to a friend of his. 我看见他时，他在给一个朋友写信。（when 为从属连词） I was taking a walk，when I came across him. 我正在散步，突然碰见了他。 2. 意义：when 作从属连词用时，它所引导的从句表示主句中谓语动词动作发生的时间，即作“当……时”解；而并列连词when 连接的两个分句中，第一个分句表示的是背景，第二个分句表示的是一种突然的、意想不到的情况或过早发生的事情。when 通常含“这时突然”之义。例如： I was thinking of this，when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 I had just fallen asleep，when the boor-bell rang. 我刚入睡，门铃突然响了起来。 这种意义在孤立的句子中可以理解到，在文章中更能体会得到。如在“I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop ”一句中，“在街头漫步”只是“看见有家缝纫店”的时间，其后作者怎样走进缝纫店，想要什么样的衣服，怎样受到伙计的奚落，又怎样受到老板的奉承等情景均与“漫步街头”没有直接的因果关系。 3. 时态：when 引导的时间状语从句中可以根据句意的需要用一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、分别说明现在，过去，甚至将来的行为；并列连词when 后面的分句中通常用非延续性动词的一般过去时，其前表时间的分句中可用： （1 ）过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行的动作。例如： I was cooking when I heard her knocking at the door. 我正在做饭，突然听到她敲门的声音。 He was thinking about the problem，when an apple fell to the ground. 他正在思考这个问题，突然有一只苹果掉到了地上。 （2 ）was /were going to，was / were about to，was / were on the point of 表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作。例如： I was just going when he came in. 我正要走，这时他就进来了。 We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要动身天就开始下起雨来了。 He was on the point of leaving，when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要走就有人敲门。（ 3 ）过去完成时表示过早发生的事情。请看下述两种场合：（a ）过去完成时和含否定意义的hardly，scarcely，nearly 连用，和just，little 连用，或者与否定词not 连用时，表示“刚……，就……”的意思。例如： I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚一开门他就打了我一下。 I had nearly reached the town，when the young man suddenly said very slowly，“Do you speak English？”我快要进城了，年轻人突然慢慢地说：“你会讲英语吗？”
并列连词及并列句【用法讲解】 考试要求： 近年来，全国各地的中考英语试题对连词的考查主要集中在以下几方面： 1. 对并列连词的考查，要求必须确切地理解句子的意义，在此基础上确定词与词之间及两个分句之间的关系，从而确定正确的并列连词。 2. 对从属连词的考查，侧重于对从句的理解，正确把握从属连词。 1. 并列连词及并列句 并列连词表示单词、短语、从句或句子间有并列关系。用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。其结构为“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。常用并列关系的连词有： and “和”；both…and…“两个都”；as well as“也”；not only…but also…“不但……，而且……”；neither…nor…“既不……，也不……”，either…or…“或者……或者”等。 （1） and可以用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子，表示一种顺接的关系。and在译成中文时，不一定要翻译出“和”来。 例如：My father bought me a present, and I like it very much. 爸爸给我买了一件礼物，我非常喜欢。 （2） both…and…可用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语等。连接两个并列的主语时谓语动词通常用复数形式。 例如：Both you and I are league members. 我和你都是共青团员。 I can speak both English and Chinese. 我不仅能说英语，而且也能说汉语。 （3） not only… but also…,，neither…nor…都能连接两个相同的句法单位，
并列句及连词的用法 【巩固练习】 I.单项选择。 1.Help others whenever you can you'll make the world a nicer place to live. A. and B. or C. unless D. but 2.These story books for children are awfully written. They are interesting exciting. A. either, or B? neither, nor C. both, and D. not only, but also 3.一Would you like to go to the concert with me? ——I'd love to, I'm afraid I have no time. A. so Be or C. and D. but 4.一Where was your brother at this time last night? 一He was writing an e-mail I was watching TV at home. A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while 5.you your brother can join us. We want one of you. A. Both, and B. Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not only, but also 6.the story is short and there are no new words in it, it is difficult to understand. A. But B. Though C. And D. For 7.一Mom, shall we have supper now? 一Oh, we won't have supper your dad comes back. A. until B. since C. while D. after 8.He won't pass the exam he works hard. A. whenever B. because C. if D. unless 9.Tony is a quiet student, he is active in class. A. so B. and C. but D. or 10.They will lose the game hey try their best, A. unless B. once C. since D. after 11.You won't feel happy at school you get on well with your classmates. A. though B. when C. unless D. because 12.This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing. A. is B. am C. are D. can 13.The restaurant is nice and the food is not bad.I still prefer eating at home. A. And B. But C. So D. Or 14.Be quick, we'll be late for school. A. and B. or C. so D. but 15.The rain is very heavy we have to stay at home. A. but B. because C. so D. and 16.一I don't think your uncle really likes drama series. 一No,he still watches the programme.
、并列连词： ）常见的表示语义延伸的并列连词有： 1. and Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正义在你们一边，而正义是会战胜非正义的 2. neither... nor She could neither speak the language nor write it. 这 种语言她既不会说，也不会写。 3. both... and A man should have both courage and perseverance. 一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。 4. not only... but also We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 们不仅要大胆， 而且要谨慎。 5. as well as
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。 二）表示选择的并列连词有： 1. or You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者让别人做。 2. either... or I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屉里了。 除了表示选择外，or 和either... or 还可以表示否定的条件： 1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走了，否则晚会我就要迟到了 2) You'll either behave yourself, or you'll never go
单独句子——疑问代词（5个词）P42，疑问副词（7个词）P130 连接 句子与“句子”的 连接词 名词性从句（4大从句） 连词 P101 从属连词 P104 “that 、if 、whether 等” 状语从句（9大类） 并列连词 连接两个分句（4种关系） ［对等关系的两个句子］ 介词 P96 一些特殊的介词（如but 、except 等） 连接副词 连接分句 连接从句 （不表疑问） 代词 P45 表疑问 连接代词 不表疑问 关系代词（6个词） ［主、宾、表、定］ 关系副词（3个词） ［状］ 定语从句 ［5大成分+1修饰整句］ 副词 P130 分句 从句 句子 注： 特殊点： ① 连接代词普通连接代词 ——表疑问 （表疑问、究竟） 复合式连接代词——不表疑问 （表无论、一切、所有） 连接副词 连接从句的连接副词 连接分句的连接副词 P103注意、P130⑨ 参考 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 《介词宾语从句种种》——洪淑治 《漫谈英语介词的宾语从句》——袁春松 P96①例句——连接副词 不表疑问的 介词宾语从句 比较 区别疑问代词 区别疑问副词 ② 既可“表疑问”，也可“不表疑问”的连接词：whomever 、whoever 等。 ③ 介词后接 （一般接名词或代词） 形容词 参考 《介词后接形容词的几种情况》——雍和明 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 从句（作宾语从句） P96①例句 参考 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 《介词宾语从句种种》——洪淑治 《漫谈英语介词的宾语从句》——袁春松 ④ 既可做“介词”，也可做“连词”的词：for 、since 、until 、before 、after 等。 for 介词P93 并列连词（因果推理关系）P103 介词P93 从属连词（时间、原因状从）P105 since 介词P93~94 从属连词（时间状从）P105 until 、before 、after
并列句 Ⅰ、概述：并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句构成，由并列连词and, but, or, so等连接的句子。连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的词叫并列连词。 Ⅱ、常见的并列连词的分类及用法： （一）表示并列关系的连词 ① and（和/并且）有时不译出 ②（and）then（然后） ③ both … and …（两者…都…） ④ neither … nor …（既不…也不…） ⑤ not only … but also …（不但…而且…） （1） his father mother are teachers. （2）The man went into the bedroom ,( ) took off his raincoat. （3） my parents Lucy has been to the Great Wall. （4） his parents he stays at home on Sunday. （5）It was late . She washed her face went to bed. (二) 表示选择关系的连词 ① or (和/或者/否则） ② either … or …（或者…或者…/ 要么…要么…） （1）Either you or I mad. (be) （2）He can‘t move his arms and legs .(改错) （3）Which do you like better, carrots or pears ? (回答) → （4）Hurry up , or you won’t catch the early bus.(同义句) → (三) 表示转折关系的连词 ① but (但是) ② while (而/却) ③ yet / however (然而) （1）She is listening to the music he is washing clothes. （2）Though I’ve failed , I will try again. （3）Mr. Smith has a lot of money , he feels unhappy. ( 四 )表示因果关系的连词 ① so（因此 / 所以/于是）② for ( 因为) （1）Let’s have a rest , we’re all tired. （2）That was our first lesson , she didn’t know all our names. Ⅲ、特殊用法 并列连词and和 or如果用在含有祈使句的并列句中,常可进行以下句式转换. （1）“祈使句 ,and + 句子”,常可变成if引导的肯定的条件状语从句。 Use your head , and you’ll find a good way to solve the problem. (同义句) , you’ll find a good way to solve the problem. （2）“祈使句 ,or + 句子”,常可变成if引导的否定的条件状语从句。 Hurry up , or you’ll be late for school . (同义句) , you’ll be late for school . Ⅳ、练习 （一）用恰当的并列连词填空。
并列句及连词的用法 【真题再现】 1. Study hard, you will pass the exam.(2014 安顺) A. so B. or C. but D. and 2. Think of a number, don't tell me what it is.(2014 沈阳) A. nor B. so C. or D. but 3. Don’t run in the clas sroom, you may hurt yourself.(2014 陕西) A. and B. or C. but D. so 4. Practice more, ________ you'll do better in playing chess.(2014 重庆) A. but B. and C. when D. after 5. Be quick, w e’ll be late for school.(2015 呼和浩特) A．and B．but C．or D．so 6. At school, we are taught knowledge how to behave well. (2015 青岛) A. neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also D. not; but 7．I have only two tickets for TF Boys’ concert．you he can go on with me．(2015 广东) A．Either… or B．Neither… nor C．Both… and D．Not only… also 8. Going to the movies is good, I really only like listening to music.(2015 安徽) A. and B. but C. so D. or 【答案与解析】 1. D。句意：好好学习，你就会通过考试，由设空后可知，本句是表示并列关系，所以 用D。A. so那么，所以；B. or否则；C. but但是。所以本题答案为D。 2. D。句意：想一个数字，但不要告诉它是什么。not也不；so所以；or否则；but但是。 根据题意可知前半句与后半句之间是转折关系，故选D。 3. B。句意：不要在教室里跑，否则你可能会伤到你自己。or意为“否则，要不然”， 符合语境，故答案为B项。 4. B。句意：多练习，你下象棋的水平会更高些。由句意可知前后分句之间是顺承关系， 故答案为B项。 5. C。句意为：快点，否则我们上学就迟到了。or意为“否则”，表连接，符合题意， 故选C。 6. C。句意：在学校，我们不仅被传授知识，而且被传授如何做到行为得体。neither…… nor……既不……也不……；either……or……要么……要么……；not only……but also…… 不但……而且……；not……but……不是……而是……；故选A。 7. A。句意为：我有两张TF Boys音乐会的票。你和他其中一个人可以跟我去。A项意 为“或者……或者……”，表示两者中的一个；根据语境可知，只有两张票，说话人只能和其中一人一起去，故选A。 8. B。句意：看电影是不错，但是我却只喜欢听音乐。and和，而且；but但是；so因此； or或者，否则。根据句意可知选B项。 【用法讲解】 考试要求： 近年来，全国各地的中考英语试题对连词的考查主要集中在以下几方面： 1. 对并列连词的考查，要求必须确切地理解句子的意义，在此基础上确定词与词之间及 两个分句之间的关系，从而确定正确的并列连词。
: 中考英语复习---连词从属连词和并列连词（一）从属连词：用于连接各 种从句的连词（二）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：only…but also, neither…nor等。1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not 表选择关系的or, either…or等。2. 3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。 4.表因果关系的for, so等。“和”在肯定句中表并列and: 5. or: “和”在否定句中表并列 另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句 2)or “否则” eg. ①.Which do you like better, tea or milk? ②.Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 6.but “但是”表转折 eg. I listened, but I heard nothing. 注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 2)not …but 不是…而是 eg. This book isn't mine but yours. both…and : 既…又（连接主语为复数） neither…nor: 既不…也不连接两主 7. either…or: 语后者决或者…或者 not only …but also:不但…而且定单、复 eg.1)Both he and I are students. 2)Neither he nor I am a student. 练习 ( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In ( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at ( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students. A. between B. with C. among ( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on ( )5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days. A. after B. for C. in ( )6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake. A. by B. for C. with ( )7.He left home ___ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in ( )8.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. A. in B. on C. to ( )9.____ my father's help, I have finished my composition. A. Under B. On C. with ( )10.He's very strict ____ himself and he's very strict ___ his work. A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with )11.I really can't agree ____ you. (
★连接词★ 仟叶精品 至少要有两个东西才能做连接。 〈第114卷〉对等连接词(1) 依形态分为 就是按照其长相来区分。 (1) 简单连接词：and, or, but, if, when 等。 (2) 相关连接词：both…and…, either…or…, not only…but also…等。 (3) 片语连接词：as soon as, as well as, even if 等，片语连接词就是多个字的连接词。 (4) 有其他词类转换而成：immediately, supposing--假设，类似于if 的用法。 依功能分为 就是按照个性、属性来区分。 (1) 对等连接词：将字与字，片语与片语，子句与子句等连接在一起。 连接词两边连接的东西是相同特性的东西，对等就是相对平等，字的平等就是词性相同。 I love you and you love me.
这两句都是平等的，没有哪句胜过哪一句，我两彼此相爱。 (2) 从属连接词：引导名词子句或副词子句的连接词。 从就是随从，属就是属下附属，有子句中的老大就做主要子句。 I love you if you love me. 这里的两句话是不对等的，if 后面是附带的条件，当条件成立的时候主要子句才成立。主要子句可以单独存在，从属子句必须要有主要子句，不能单独存在。 从属子句按照功能的不同还分为： 名词子句 => 我爱你是真的。 I love you is true. 这样写是错误的，一个句子只能有一个主词一个动词，超过要用连接词。 [That I love you] is true. 这样写才是正确的，that 将is 前面部分当成是一整个事情， 事情才有分真假，动作没有真假，动作可以做得、快做的慢。 That I love you 是句子的主词，只有具有名词的身份才能当主词。 The story is true. 副词子句 =>
英语连词：并列连词和从属连词专项训练（附答案） 一. 连词练习 1 .He is very old, ____ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C. when D.as 2. ____ you are dismissed. A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and 3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take. A. because B. now C. so D. since 4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that 5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields. A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they
6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint. A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now. 7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly. A. since B. for C. because D. so that 8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until 9. Francis did the task____ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as 10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand. A. as B. what C. that D. whom 11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program. A. yet B. besides C. also D. then 12. It looks ____ it's going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D. like that 13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.
并列连词的用法 一.概念 连词是用来连接词,短语,句或句子的词.连词不作成分. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.表示并列关系的连词有：and和；both…and…两者都；not only… but also…不仅…而且；neither…nor…即不…也不；not…but…(不是…而是…) ；not…not…不…也不…（语气比neither…nor…弱）等。如 1)and：和，并且 A：基本用法： “and”表示“和”、“并且”“而且”，“但”，表示动作的先后、因果、转折、强化语义等。例如： I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis. 我喜欢打篮球、踢足球、打乒乓球。 Mary and Lucy like music very much. 玛丽和露茜喜欢音乐。 It’s getting colder and colder in winter.冬天气候变得越来越冷。 I like reading and my brother likes watching TV.我喜欢读书，而我弟弟喜欢看电视。 The weather becomes colder and colder. 天气越变越冷。 B:特别用法： 祁使句后连接and，有条件句作用，此时and=if you…,you’ll… Go straight on, and you’ll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library. 一直走就能看到图书馆。 Be careful ，and you’ll make fewer mistakes. 小心点，你就会少犯错误。 2)bot h…and…既…也…,(两者)都… A、both…and…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 Both Jim and Kate are from England. 吉姆和凯特都是英国人。 B、both…and…否定句表示部分否定。 You can’t speak both German and English.你的德语和法语讲的不太好。 Both my father and my mother aren’t doctors.我父亲和我母亲不都是医生。 3)neither…nor…:既不…也不… neit her…nor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数”的一致，即采取就近原则。 Neither I nor he has seen the play before. 我和他以前都没有看过这个话剧。 4)not…not…不…也不…（语气比neither…nor…弱） He warned me not to be late, not allowed to work, he got very angry. 5)not only…but also…:不但…而且… not only…but also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 Not only the mother but also the children are ill. 不仅妈妈而且孩子们也生病了。 6）not …but 不是…而是 He is not short of money but greedy. 他不是缺钱而是贪心。
历届高考英语单项选择题精选 （十二）从属连词 （注：名词性从句单列在第三项） the temperature, ______ the water turns into steam.(88) A The high; the fast B Higher; faster C The more higher; the faster D The higher; the faster roof fell ______ he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.(88) A after B as C before D until 3. ______ got into the room, ______ the telephone rang.(88) A He hardly had; then B Hardly had he; when C He had not; than D Not had he; when year they have produced ______ grain ______ they did last year.(89) A as less; as B as few; as C less; than D fewer; than hurried ______ I wouldn’t be late for class.(89) A since B so that C as if D unless photographs will show you ______.(89) A what does our village look like B what our village looks like C how does our village look like D how our village looks like until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is.(89) A man did know B man knew C didn’t man know D did man know you make sure ______ the gold ring?(90) A where Alice had put B where had Alice put C where Alice has put D where has Alice put 9. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.(90) A With B Since C While D As new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ______.(90) A will arrive B arrives C is going to arrive D is arriving until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.(90) A didn’t I realize B did I realize C I didn’t realize D I realize the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.(90) A as twice many B as many twice C twice as many D twice many as pianos in the other shop will be ______, but ______.(90) A cheaper; not as better B more cheap; not as better C cheaper; not as good D more cheap; not as good 14. If it______ for the snow, we______ the mountain yesterday.(91) A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 15. ______ she is young, she knows quite a lot.(91) A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless was not ______ she took off her glasses ______ I realized that she was a famous film star.(92)