中考英语形容词
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一.形容词
(一)认识形容词(后缀)
1.-ful, careful, helpful,useful
2.-less, careless,homeless,helpless,useless
3.-able,-ible, comfortable, probable,enjoyable,possible,impossible
4.-al, international, national, traditional
5.-ive, expensive, active
6.-ous, famous, dangerous
7.-ly, friendly,lovely, weekly,monthly
(二)以-ly结尾的形容词
1.与人有关,像...样的,如friendly, motherly, manly,childly,womanly
2.与日期有关,每...的,如monthy,yearly,weekly,
3.与抽象名词结合,充满...的如lonely,lively活泼的,lovely可爱的
(三)形容词的用法
一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容词分成性质形容
词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
【难点】
2. 叙述形容词只能作表语,不能做定语修饰名词,所以又称为表语形容词,这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid,asleep, awake,alone等。
二)形容词的种类
1. 品质形容词:英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如:
The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。
You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。
2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如:
She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。
3. -ing 形容词:有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如:interesting
4. –ed形容词:它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数为品质形容词,如:interested。She looked tired.
不排除:
The man is interesting.这个人很有趣。The man is interested in story.
He is frightened.他很害怕。He is frightening.他很吓人。
An excited look心情激动的表情an exciting look令人激动的表情
5. 合成形容词:warm-hearted 热心的,heart-breaking 令人心碎的hard-working
练习:1. Dracula and Frankenstein are__C___film characters.
A. frighten
B. frightened
C. frightening
D. frightenly
2.He is _______ in _______ books. B
A.interesting,interested
B.interested,interesting
三)形容词的用法和在句中的位置
1、形容词在句中主要可用作:
1)定语:What a fine day!
2)表语:She looks happy.3)宾语的补语(构成合成宾语):Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗?
4)状语:He arrived home, hungry and tired.他又饿又累的回到家里。
2、形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容
词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。
1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为:
(限定词a/an/the)→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→颜色的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→(名词)。
a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden reading room.
以这个例子编一句顺口溜:
美小圆旧黄,法木阅览室。
如:There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village.
村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。
练习:Mr Smith bought a___purse for his wife. B
A. small black new leather
B. small new black leather
C. leather small black new
D. black small new leather
【重点】
2)当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything,
nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:
The boy interested in music is my brother.对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us?你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?
二.副词
(一)认识副词(后缀)
1.-ly, carefully,helpfully,happily
(二)以-ly结尾的副词
类似hard(adv&adj),hardly(adv)两者意义不同的词组还有
意思区别很大的:late迟到,lately最近。pretty=very非常;prettily漂亮地;
You have come too late.你来得太晚了。
Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?Latest news
The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。
The little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩穿着总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。
意思区别相近的,分别表示具体跟抽象的意思:close(具体距离上的)接近地、紧挨地,closely(抽象)亲密地;high(具体高度)高地,highly(抽象)高度地,赞赏地;deep(空间的,具体)深度,deeply(抽象,感情上的)深深地;wide具体距离很宽,widely广泛地
They sat close together
Who is closely to you, your mom or your dad? Mather
The kites fly high in the sky.
His teachers think very highly of him.(老师们很欣赏他。)老师对他评价很高.
He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。
Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。
The door was wide open.门被开得大大的。
We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。
Eg: 1.Dr Kelly walked _____ to the window to watch _____ the short man shopping on the street.
A.close。closely
B. closely。close
C.close。close
D.closely。closely