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高考英语句子结构剖析.

高考英语句子结构剖析.
高考英语句子结构剖析.

高考英语句子结构剖析

1.People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.

【句意】二十一年来,象牙交易一直被明令禁止,人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎,导致大象数量减少。

【分析】that 引导宾语从句,从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt,根据逻辑意义,可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a

21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。

2.Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果,这项研究是一个历时15年的课题,它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。

【分析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex 作economists的定语;from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的定语;a 15-year research project作the

National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语;charting ... 作project 的定语;who引导定语从句修饰teenagers。

3.Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.

【句意】你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展起着重要的作用,因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。

【分析】此句为复合句,句中whether引导主语从句,as 引导原因状语从句,how well 引导从句作介词of 的宾语。

4.Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products, to some degree, their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.

【句意】一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品,从某种程度上说,当作他们的卖点,并在广告中强调这一点。

【分析】其实本句是一个“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型“make+ 宾语+ 宾补”,即“使……成为……”,只不过宾语和宾补被“to some degree”隔开而已。

5.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.

【句意】一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感,这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。

【分析】本句的主干为The fact does not mean that ...,其中,that they do not experience emotions 是从句作mean 的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another 为fact 的同位语从句,其中as do members of another 是状语从句,助动词do 位于主语members of another 前形成倒装,主语后省略了express their emotions。

6.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.

【句意】这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。

【分析】夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。

7、Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.

【句意】这个岛屿,于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上将发现,在1810年有人居住,现在属于英国,人口数有几百人。

简析:有两个过去分词短语作状语。

8、They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.【句意】他们已有一千多年与外界没有联系,这给他们充足的时间来修建1000多座巨大的石像,被称为莫艾,因为有这个东西这个岛屿极其出名。

简析:夹杂有现在分词短语,过去分词短语及定语从句。

9、While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.参考译文:在20世纪60年代以前,即使是受过一般教育的人在下笔前也会寻求高雅的语调,但自那以后,即使是被广泛认可的文章也开始使用口头英语。

句子解析:句首为while引导的让步状语从句,其中还嵌套着一个由when引导的时间状语从句。逗号后副词even起强调作用,表示出乎意料;since then为全句的时间状语,then(那时)指代之前让步状语从句中的时间20世纪60年代。

核心词汇详解:

1)modest [?m?d?st] a. 谦虚的;适中的

记法:词根mod=med=mid(=middle n.中间)+est→a. 适中的→为人很“适中”,不高调→a. 谦虚的;适中的

2)elevate [?el?ve?t] v. 举起;提高、提升

记法:e(out)+词根lev=lift(v. 举起、抬起)+ate(v.)→v. 举起→把职位举起→v. 提高、提升

elevator=elevate+or(n.)→“举起、抬起的东西”→n. 电梯

elevated a. 升高的;高尚的

3)capture [?k?pt??(r)] vt. 捕获、获得、抓捕

记法:词根cap=capt=catch(v. 抓)+ure(n.v)→“抓小偷、抓坏人、抓强盗”→vt. 捕获、获得、抓捕

短语:put pen to paper 下笔、动笔

10、John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.

参考译文:一位语言学家,同时也是一位兼有自由和保守双重思想的辩论家,JM,认为20世纪60年代反文化运动的胜利应对正式英语的衰落负主要责任。

句子解析:本句的主干结构为JM...sees the triumph as...。主语JM后的名词短语做同位语,解释说明JM的身份;句末由as引导的结构充当宾语补足语. 核心词汇详解:

1)linguist [?l??gw?st] n. 语言学家

2)controversy [?k?ntr?v?:si] n. 争论、辩论

扩展:controversial=controversy+ial(a.);上词controversy的形容词→a. 有争议的、争论的

controversialist n. 争议者、好争论者

3)liberal ['l?b(?)r(?)l] a. 自由的、慷慨的

liberate=liber+ate(v.)→v. 使自由、解放

4)conserve [k?n?s?:v] v. 保护、保存

扩展:conservation=con(共同、全部)+serv+ation(n.);上词conserve 的名词→n. 保护、保存

conservative=con(共同、全部)+serv+ative(a.);上词conserve的形容词→a. 保守的

5)triumph [?tra??mf] n. 胜利、巨大的成就v. 打败、战胜

6)decline [d?'kla?n] v./n. 下降、衰落;拒绝

短语:see A as B 把A看成、当做B

11、Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.

句子解析:在第二个现在分词做伴随状语中,that引导的宾语从句充当suggest 的宾语,句末的过去分词结构generated during the day充当后置定语修饰negative feelings.

参考译文:大多数人似乎在前半夜会做更多坏梦,在快醒来之前则会做一些较愉快的梦,这说明人们在梦中逐渐克服了白天产生的各种不良情绪。

核心词汇详解:

1)progress [?pr??gres] n.v. 前进、进步

扩展:progressive=progress+ive(a.)→a. 前进的、进步的

2)awaken [??we?k?n] v. 唤醒、叫醒

3)negative ['neg?t?v] a. 否定的、消极的

positive [?p?z?t?v] a. 肯定的、积极的

4)generate [?d?en?re?t]v. 繁殖、生殖;产生、出生

generation 就是一代人

短语:work through 逐渐通过、完成、解决

12、A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.

句子解析:本句由两句话构成。分号前句话,theory后是that引导的同位语从句,解释说明theory。分号后句话,句末破折号后的部分是mental noise的同位语,具体解释其内容,在该同位语中,that引导的定语从句修饰先行词the neural-repair work。

参考译文:一个世纪前,佛洛依德就构想出了其革命性的理论:梦是人类无意识中的欲望与恐惧的变相投影;20世纪70年代晚期,神经学家转而把梦仅仅看做“精神噪音”,即人类睡眠时神经修复活动随机产生的副产品。

核心词汇详解:

1)formula [?f?:mjul?] n. 公式、方程式

formulate [?f?:mjule?t] v. 用公式表达;构想出、规划

2)revolution [rev?'lu??(?)n] n. 旋转、革命

扩展:revolutionary adj. 旋转的、革命的

3)disguise [d?s?ga?z] v.n. 伪装、掩饰

4)shadow [???d??] n. 阴影、影子

5)conscious [?k?n??s] a. 有意识的、清醒的

unconscious=un(否定)+conscious→a. 无意识的、没有知觉的

self-conscious 自我意识的

6)neural [?nj??r?l] a. 神经的

扩展:neurology=neur=nerv(=nerve n.神经、勇气)+logy(学科)n. 神经病学

neurologist n. 神经病学家

7)switch [sw?t?] v.转换,切换,变换

He got tired of teaching and switched to writing stories.他厌倦了教书,于是改行写小说。

8)mental [?mentl] a. 思想的、精神的、内心的

9)random [?rand?m] adj.胡乱的;任意的;

10)product [?pr?d?kt] n. 产品

扩展:byproduct n. 副产品

11)repair [r??pe?(r)] v.n. 修理、修复

13、Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.

句子解析:主句谓语suggest后的宾语为or连接的两个并列的宾语从句;在or之前第一个宾语从句中,从句主干为children engage in criminal behavior;在or之后的第二个宾语从句中,they是主语,have learned是谓语,criminal behavior是宾语,through interaction with others是方式状语。

参考译文:聚焦于个人原因的理论表明,孩子们之所以会犯罪是因为他们以前的错误行为没有得到足够的惩罚,或者是由于同其他人互动的过程中学会了犯罪。核心词汇详解:

1)center ['sent?] n. 中心、中央a. 中心的v. 以...为中心;集中

考法:center on 以...为中心

2)individual [??nd??v?d?u?l] n. 个人、个体a. 个人的、个体的

3)criminal [?kr?m?nl] a. 有罪的、犯罪的n. 罪犯

4)sufficient [s??f??nt] a. 足够的、充足的

5)penalty ['p?n?lti]n. 惩罚、罚款、罚金

扩展:penalize=pen+ize(使动)→v. 惩罚

6)previous [?pri:vi?s] a. 先前的、以前的

7)deed [di:d] n. 行为

misdeed=mis(否定)+deed(n. 行为)→n. 错误行为、违法行为

短语:engage in 参与、参加

14、We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

解析:本句是主从复合句,主干结构已标出。从because开始到句子结束都是原因状语从句,在此从句中还嵌套着一个as引导的时间状语从句,表示时间,该从句中people是主语,died out、became、lost是并列谓语;as从句中又嵌套着一个who引导的定语从句(who spoke them),修饰前面的people 是什么样的人。

参考译文:我们得感谢他们,因为随着说这些语言的民族逐渐消亡或是被同化而且丢失了自己的本族语言(或母语),这些语言中有一些从那以后已经消失了。核心词汇详解:

1)oblige [??bla?d?] v. 强迫;感激

考法:be obliged to 感激...、感谢...

2)vanish [?v?n??] v. 消失、突然不见

扩展:vain→方法不对,“努力是一场空”→a. 徒劳的、白费力的

vacant=vac(空)+ant(a.)→a. 空的、未被占用的

3)assimilate [??s?m?le?t] v. 同化、吸收

扩展:simulate =词根sim=sam(=same)+ate(v.)→“做相同”的事;你怎么做,我怎么做,做与你相同的事→v. 模仿、模拟

短语:die out 消失、绝种

15、The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.

句子解析:that引导的宾语从句做assume的宾语,其主干为the structure had connection with...;which引导非限定性定语从句,which指代前面宾语从句的内容,该定语从句中还包含一个由long before引导的时间状语从句(long before people realized how diverse languages could be)

参考译文:希腊人认为语言结构和思维过程有某种联系,这种观点早在人们意识到语言的多样性之前就已经在欧洲扎根了。

核心词汇详解:

1)assume [??sju:m] v. 承担;假定、认为

扩展:assumption [??s?mp?n] =上词assume的名词→n.承担;假定、假设2)structure [?str?kt??(r)] n. 结构、构造、建筑物

3)process ['pr??ses] n. 过程;vt. 处理、加工

4)realize [?ri:?la?z] v. 实现、意识到

5)diverse [da??v?:s]a.多种多样的、不同的

扩展:diversity [da??v?:s?ti] =diverse+ity(n.);上词diverse的名词→n. 多样、多样性

短语:take root in 扎根

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