商务合同翻译精讲
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8
• 合 同 英 语 属 于 庄 重 文 体 （ the frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最 高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现 在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构 的完整性等方面。
9
合同种类
• • • • • • 正式合同 Contract (P197) 协议书 Agreement 确议书 Confirmation 备忘录 Memorandum 订单 Order 意向书 Letter of intent
1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. 应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备(help) 2）Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing. 甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。 （send back)
3
1)Commodity description
Name of commodity, Specifications
Unit Quality Price Total Value
(Shipment Quantity % more or less allowed )
2）Packing: in cases, in bales
e.g. to arrange an ~ against loss 办理损失赔偿 to demand an ~ for the delayed payment 因延期付款要求赔偿
20
Money demanded by a victorious nation at the end of a war as a condition of peace is an ~.
14
三.约尾（the tail)
① 结尾语包括合同的份数、使用的文字 和效力等 （Concluding sentence) ② 签名 （Signature) ③ 盖印 （Seal)
15
三、语言特色
1. Use many formal words and professional words 多使用正式或法律上 的用词
5
• • • •
7)Inspection : 8)Quantity/Quality Discrepancy: 9)Force majeure : 10)Arbitration:
• The sells----
the buyers--6
Tranlation of Business Contract
• • • • • 一、商务合同概述 二、商务合同的构成部分 三、语言特色 四、商务合同与协议的翻译 五、商务合同与协议翻译实例
7
一、商务合同概述
• A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned.
• 在 由 Steven H. Gifts 编 著 的 “ Law Dictionary” 中 ， contract被定义为 “a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.” • 合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某 种意义上，法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。综上 可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义 务的法律协议。
12
二、商务合同的构成部分
一.约首(the head) 1.合同名称 Title 2. 前文（前言） Preamble 1) Date of signing 2) Signing parties 3) Each party’s authority 当事人的合法依据 4）Place of signing 5) Recitals or WHEREAS clause 定约缘由
商务合同的翻译
1
讨论：
外贸合同有哪些内容
2
Huzhou Import &Export Co. address Sales Contract s/c no.: date : The buyers : Address : The buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as below:
来自百度文库17
• Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions
– – – – – – Terminate, stop commence, begin be deemed to, be regarded as in lieu of, in place of prior to, before whatsoever, whatever
23
• Arbitration : the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of law. 仲裁 （通过中立的第三方不通过法庭解决纠 纷） e.g. They decided to settle the dispute by ~. 他们决定通过仲裁解决争议。
• The payment shall be made by confirmed, irrevocable and documentary L／C.
• 付款方式为经确认的、不可撤销的、书面信用证。
25
• 在以上三句中， acceptance 、 clean 、 to the order of、confirmed和documentary 的翻译均未能完全真实表示合同意思， 这些词的中文完整意思分别是“验收”、 “清洁”、“以 …… 为抬头”、“保兑 的”和“跟单”。由以上各例可见，由 于对商务合同中专业词汇的错误理解和 翻译，从而传达了一种错误信息从而可 能引发法律纠纷。
18
• More formal words in the contract :
– in accordance with – otherwise – provided that – be deemed to – In accordance with the date of shipment
19
• Indemnity n.
10
根据当事人之间的权利和义务关系，主要可做如 下分类： Contracts for International Sale of Goods Contracts for International Technology Transfer Contracts for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures Contracts for Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Ventures Contracts for International Engineering Projects Contracts for Compensation Trade
in boxes of a dozen each, 100 boxes to a wooden case
4
3)Time of shipment: in OCT.12th w/t at Hongkong before the end of OCT. 4)Port of loading, port of destination: 5)Terms of Payment: by sight L/C , the L/C must reach the sellers before May 1st. by D/P , by D/A 6)Insurance: to be covered by the sellers for 110% of the invoice value against all risks as per CIC dated January 1, 1981.
24
改错
• Contractor shall assure full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. • 在项目接收之前，承包方应对工程承担全部责任。
• Full set clean on board marine Bill of Lading issued to the order of the shipper and blank endorsed. • 承运人签发的全套整洁、已装船的海运提单，空白背书。
11
Contracts for Sino-foreign Cooperation Development of Natural Resources Contracts for Foreign Labor Services Contracts for International Leasing Affairs Contracts for Sino-foreign Credits and Loans Contracts for International Build-OperateTransfer
战争结束时，战胜国作为和平条件索取之 款项称为“赔款”。
21
• Infringement: violation n. 违反；违背； 侵犯；侵害
copyright infringement patent infringement trade-mark infringement infringement of contract infringement of freedom 版权侵犯 专利侵权 侵犯商标权, 商标冒用 违反合同 侵犯自由
– a promise to protect someone from money lost or goods damaged; 赔偿的保证 – repayment for this；赔偿金 – An insurance contract that promises to pay for the replacement or repair of lost of damaged goods赔偿物
13
二. 本文（Body) ① 定义条款 （Definition clause) ② 基本条款（Basic conditions) ③ 一般条款（General terms and conditions)
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 合同有效期限 （Duration) 终止 (Termination) 不可抗力 （Force Majeure) 合同的让与 （Assignment) 仲裁 （Arbitration) 适用法律 （governing law) 诉讼管辖 （Jurisdiction) 通知手续 （Notice) 合同的修改 （Amendment) 其他 （Others)
16
三、语言特色
3) The term “Effective date” means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto (至此,正式). “生效日”的意思是指本协议经订约双方签 字的日子。（signed）
22
• Force majeure: an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause. e.g. As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed. 基于不可抗力的因素，交易未能完成。
• 合 同 英 语 属 于 庄 重 文 体 （ the frozen style），是各种英语文体中正式程度最 高的一种。总体来说，这种正式性体现 在内容的专业性、语言的严谨性和结构 的完整性等方面。
9
合同种类
• • • • • • 正式合同 Contract (P197) 协议书 Agreement 确议书 Confirmation 备忘录 Memorandum 订单 Order 意向书 Letter of intent
1）At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. 应乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技术员帮助乙方安装设备(help) 2）Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Beijing. 甲方应将病人遣返中国，负责病人回到北京的旅费。 （send back)
3
1)Commodity description
Name of commodity, Specifications
Unit Quality Price Total Value
(Shipment Quantity % more or less allowed )
2）Packing: in cases, in bales
e.g. to arrange an ~ against loss 办理损失赔偿 to demand an ~ for the delayed payment 因延期付款要求赔偿
20
Money demanded by a victorious nation at the end of a war as a condition of peace is an ~.
14
三.约尾（the tail)
① 结尾语包括合同的份数、使用的文字 和效力等 （Concluding sentence) ② 签名 （Signature) ③ 盖印 （Seal)
15
三、语言特色
1. Use many formal words and professional words 多使用正式或法律上 的用词
5
• • • •
7)Inspection : 8)Quantity/Quality Discrepancy: 9)Force majeure : 10)Arbitration:
• The sells----
the buyers--6
Tranlation of Business Contract
• • • • • 一、商务合同概述 二、商务合同的构成部分 三、语言特色 四、商务合同与协议的翻译 五、商务合同与协议翻译实例
7
一、商务合同概述
• A contract is an agreement, which legally binds the parties concerned.
• 在 由 Steven H. Gifts 编 著 的 “ Law Dictionary” 中 ， contract被定义为 “a promise, or a set of promises, for breach of which the law gives remedy, or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.” • 合同是一种承诺，违反承诺可以得到法律救助，在某 种意义上，法律将履行该承诺看作是一种补偿。综上 可见，合同是平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义 务的法律协议。
12
二、商务合同的构成部分
一.约首(the head) 1.合同名称 Title 2. 前文（前言） Preamble 1) Date of signing 2) Signing parties 3) Each party’s authority 当事人的合法依据 4）Place of signing 5) Recitals or WHEREAS clause 定约缘由
商务合同的翻译
1
讨论：
外贸合同有哪些内容
2
Huzhou Import &Export Co. address Sales Contract s/c no.: date : The buyers : Address : The buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the following goods on terms and conditions as below:
来自百度文库17
• Compare the following two kinds of words and expressions
– – – – – – Terminate, stop commence, begin be deemed to, be regarded as in lieu of, in place of prior to, before whatsoever, whatever
23
• Arbitration : the settling of a dispute by means of a neutral third party rather than by a court of law. 仲裁 （通过中立的第三方不通过法庭解决纠 纷） e.g. They decided to settle the dispute by ~. 他们决定通过仲裁解决争议。
• The payment shall be made by confirmed, irrevocable and documentary L／C.
• 付款方式为经确认的、不可撤销的、书面信用证。
25
• 在以上三句中， acceptance 、 clean 、 to the order of、confirmed和documentary 的翻译均未能完全真实表示合同意思， 这些词的中文完整意思分别是“验收”、 “清洁”、“以 …… 为抬头”、“保兑 的”和“跟单”。由以上各例可见，由 于对商务合同中专业词汇的错误理解和 翻译，从而传达了一种错误信息从而可 能引发法律纠纷。
18
• More formal words in the contract :
– in accordance with – otherwise – provided that – be deemed to – In accordance with the date of shipment
19
• Indemnity n.
10
根据当事人之间的权利和义务关系，主要可做如 下分类： Contracts for International Sale of Goods Contracts for International Technology Transfer Contracts for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures Contracts for Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Ventures Contracts for International Engineering Projects Contracts for Compensation Trade
in boxes of a dozen each, 100 boxes to a wooden case
4
3)Time of shipment: in OCT.12th w/t at Hongkong before the end of OCT. 4)Port of loading, port of destination: 5)Terms of Payment: by sight L/C , the L/C must reach the sellers before May 1st. by D/P , by D/A 6)Insurance: to be covered by the sellers for 110% of the invoice value against all risks as per CIC dated January 1, 1981.
24
改错
• Contractor shall assure full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. • 在项目接收之前，承包方应对工程承担全部责任。
• Full set clean on board marine Bill of Lading issued to the order of the shipper and blank endorsed. • 承运人签发的全套整洁、已装船的海运提单，空白背书。
11
Contracts for Sino-foreign Cooperation Development of Natural Resources Contracts for Foreign Labor Services Contracts for International Leasing Affairs Contracts for Sino-foreign Credits and Loans Contracts for International Build-OperateTransfer
战争结束时，战胜国作为和平条件索取之 款项称为“赔款”。
21
• Infringement: violation n. 违反；违背； 侵犯；侵害
copyright infringement patent infringement trade-mark infringement infringement of contract infringement of freedom 版权侵犯 专利侵权 侵犯商标权, 商标冒用 违反合同 侵犯自由
– a promise to protect someone from money lost or goods damaged; 赔偿的保证 – repayment for this；赔偿金 – An insurance contract that promises to pay for the replacement or repair of lost of damaged goods赔偿物
13
二. 本文（Body) ① 定义条款 （Definition clause) ② 基本条款（Basic conditions) ③ 一般条款（General terms and conditions)
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 合同有效期限 （Duration) 终止 (Termination) 不可抗力 （Force Majeure) 合同的让与 （Assignment) 仲裁 （Arbitration) 适用法律 （governing law) 诉讼管辖 （Jurisdiction) 通知手续 （Notice) 合同的修改 （Amendment) 其他 （Others)
16
三、语言特色
3) The term “Effective date” means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto (至此,正式). “生效日”的意思是指本协议经订约双方签 字的日子。（signed）
22
• Force majeure: an unexpected and unavoidable event that causes or allows a contract to be changed or cancelled if it has a force majeure clause. e.g. As a result of force majeure the transaction was not completed. 基于不可抗力的因素，交易未能完成。