隐喻类作文题写作指导
探赜索隐揭示喻义——隐喻类作文题写作指导
【转动的风向标】
所谓隐喻类文题，指的是文题本身或文题中的某个关键词除字面的意义外，还隐含着某种喻义，而揭示出这样的喻义成为这种文题写作的指归，学生写作时不可逗留于题意表层，应该探赜索隐，又表及里，深入挖掘，隐中求义，方能写出符合要求的文章。
2006年江西的“雨燕减肥”，江苏的“人与路”，广东的“雕刻心中的天使”就属于这样的类型。
“胖”是雨燕飞不高的真正原因，只有锻炼减肥才能展翅高飞。这里的“肥”需要考生联系生活实际，联想比
类，揭示出其喻义。明确了这点，考生的立意行文才能紧扣材料的要旨。如果只是停留在燕子减肥本身，或机械联系到人不减肥将有损健康等，立意就肤浅了。“肥”可以是各种不必要的负担，可以是毫无用处的虚名，可以是有损大局的私利，还可以是来自外界的各种束缚、羁绊等。
“路”除了人们常说的“马路、道路”等义之外，考生还应看到它可以指“方法”、“途径”等等。从文题的关系入手，可以就“路”的形成的原因立意，强调“人”的能动作用、主体地位；可以就“路”消失的原因立意，阐述在人生之路上要善于开拓、勇于创新，甘做第一个吃螃蟹的人；可以畅谈自己对人生之路的设计与展望，体现自己高尚的人生追求；还可以从走好人生之路所必备的条件入手，阐述丰富的知识、全面的素质、健康的体魄、良好的心态等的重要意义。
“石头”隐喻生活、人生、社会，“天
使”则隐喻藏在“石头”之中的美好的东西，要发掘它们需要我们用“心”去“雕刻”。
这样的文题题旨深藏，意蕴深厚，意趣丰满，有着较为广阔的思考空间，能够很好地考察学生思维品质，因而备受命题者的青睐。
【新题派送】
人的生命历程，说到底是心理历程，善于生活的人，定然有能力剪除心中的阴霾，不叫它滋生，不叫它蔓延。给月亮一个升起的理由，给自己一个快乐的机缘，揣着月朗月润的心情，走在生命绝佳的风景里。
请以“创造个月亮给自己照明”为
题写一篇文章，立意自定，文体自选，不少于800字。
【深情出发】
这道作文题符合当下作文命题的
走向，一是文题能进一步引导学生关注自身的心理状态，关注心理健康，学会剪除心中的阴霾，以积极的人生
姿态立足于社会，走好自己的人生之路；二是文题能激发学生深思人生，从生活的感性认识出发作出理性的思考；三是文题重视学生思维品质的考察，看学生能否透过文题的表层揭示出隐喻义。
写作本题需要作以下分析：
一是要明确“月亮”的隐喻义。“揣着月朗月润的心情，走在生命绝佳的风景里”是材料中的提示句，提示学生应跳出实物的概念之限作引申思考，这里的月亮显然不是实指，而是指存于心间的一份希望、一个信念、一则期盼、一声慰藉、一种追求，甚或是一种自我安慰、自我鼓励的方式，一种自我救赎……因此，所谓创造一个月亮，实际上也就是为自己营造这样的希望、信念、期盼、慰藉、追求。这是审题的关键所在，认识不到月亮的隐喻义，一味坐实，则会离题万里，抓不住材料及文题之本。
二是要善于贴近自身实际而谈。对
人生的感悟在较多情形下都是纯个
性化的东西，他人经验、体验固然可以作为借鉴，但写作本题最理想的做法是贴近自身谈感悟，即便是援引他人事例也应从自身的认识寻求佐证，切不可妄谈他人而忽视了自身的认
识阐述与情感张扬。
三是在揭示“月亮”隐喻义之后，要从如何不使人生“阴霾”“滋生”、“蔓延”上做文章。创造“月亮”的目的是为自己“照明”，目的明确了则需阐述实现这一目的的途径、方法、体会等。【新作屏风】
文一：
创造个月亮给自己照明
如皋市某考生
古希腊哲学家曾说，人生不过是三个词：“出生”、“在路上”、“回家”。每个人行走在大千世界中，不过是在路上，只是为了回家。人生路上总是险滩连着彼岸，幽谷连着深溪，寒冬的帷幕外飘荡着阳春的风筝，静谧的
巷头挂满青翠欲滴的酸梅。
负重的人将自己的生命与意志在
艰难困苦的磨刀石上打磨，将自己的韧性与心灵在挫折痛楚的火炉中煅烧。于是，天行健，君子以自强不息；地势坤，君子以厚德载物！烈火燃烧中飞出永恒的凤凰！巴金就是这样一棵在漆黑的夜中默默承受生命之重
的大树。爱尔克的灯光照亮了他的路，他用手中的笔描绘出他滴血的心。然而，他仍不忘解剖自己的灵魂，对于自己曾犯下的错，他坦言，他悲痛，他直指心灵深处的伤疤，丝毫不顾及虚妄的声名。没有人计较他的错，因为他的人格如那初生的月亮，令人敬仰。他创造了自己的月亮，让他的人生越发光彩耀人。
点一盏心灯，照亮前方的路。古人说，“吾日三省吾身”，“吾养浩然之气”。修身齐家，治国平天下，需要的是“博学”与“日参省”；大鹏展翅，扶摇千里之上，需要的是坦荡的心
境。
西藏大师潘公杰早年为磨练自己，用黑白石子来记录自己的善恶观念。开始时，每天下来，总是黑石子多于白石子，他就打自己的嘴巴，痛哭流涕，深刻忏悔。后来，白石子越来越多，他努力剪除心中的阴霾，不叫它滋生，不叫它蔓延。他揣着月朗月润的心境，终于成为一代宗师。大师的伟大在于对自己清醒的认识、深刻的自省、准确的把握。蝴蝶经历了破茧而出的生命历程，才能飞出“天蛾蝴”的壮美。心理历程恰似蝴蝶破茧而出，艰辛磨难中蕴藏着前方的光明，孕育着未来的明亮。
创造个月亮给自己照明，且息且行。尽头，你会拥有普罗米修斯与天庭和困难斗争的精神永驻，你会拥有列子御风而行的潇洒自如，看破那世俗的纠纷，参透人世坎坷，还自己明澈如镜的心灵。
心境是一盏灯，是你给自己创造的
一轮明月，照亮了前方的路；心境是前方的路，引你走向旭日喷薄的黎明。路在何方？路在脚下！走好你的路，在月光下，让心灵明澈，让心灵回归她宁静安谧的家，去放飞阳春的风筝，去摘取巷头的青梅！
模拟批阅：
作者先由希腊哲学家的话开篇，指出人生之路上总是“险滩连着彼岸，幽谷连着深溪”。接着，自然转换到对人生困境的认识上，举出巴金及潘公杰的事例说明创造一个月亮之于人生的重要意义。写法上注意到层次的衔接，语言有文采有厚度。内容20分，表达20分，特征16分，最后得分56分。
文二：
创造个月亮给自己照明
如皋市某考生
曾经，我奔跑在人生的荒原上，感
觉阳光似乎永远也光顾不到我这片被弃置的角落，在黑漆漆的空间中，在孤零零的时间里，我呼号着，渴望哪怕一丝光亮将我带出黑暗。
是的，我曾经作为一个彻底迷路的旅人，彳亍在看不到尽头的行程中，没有目标，没有方向，没有动力，慵懒而委琐，精彩纷呈的课堂对我没有任何的诱惑，热火朝天的课外活动提不起我的兴致，只感到苦海无边，一片渺茫，再多的努力还是淹没在题海之中，于是我把浑浑噩噩度日当成自己的唯一选择。
直到有一天，看到学校橱窗里陈列的知名校友介绍，我才发现自己是多么愚蠢可笑。他们当年在母校读书时，总是为自己创造了一轮圆圆的月亮，从而走出了亮堂堂人生之路。而我呢？虽说别人起早贪黑我也没有懒睡，别人划五写六我也是一二三算过没完，但纯粹是行尸走肉般混日子，熬到天黑回家。我的心中为什么
不能有一轮月亮，并用它来照亮前行的路呢？
从此，我也为自己创造一个月亮。我开始笑脸迎人，乐于和同学交流，善于从伏案苦读中寻找知识的趣味，面对座座书山，滔滔题海，我不再畏惧，不再茫然，而是在汹涌的波涛中乘风破浪，勇往直前。我清醒地认识到自己正在经历着“惩罚肉体以拯救灵魂”的高中生活，也许有时，我们会感到茫然不知所措，身心的疲惫让我们失去方向，成为在黑暗中迷路的旅人，但只要我们为自己创造出一个月亮，只要我们心里装载着美好的梦想，任何黑暗都将被驱散，我们会拥有充盈光明的一片天地。很快，我的成绩直线上升，老师同学都很惊讶地望着眼前这匹“黑马”，同桌悄悄问我速胜的秘诀，我笑了，同时也更坚定了信念，我知道，前方有一处美丽的风景召唤着我，吸引着我，我必须奔向它。
我很庆幸，我在最迷惘的时候，在黑暗之神将我紧紧缠住的时候，我为自己创造出了一个月亮，她用那柔和的充满希望的光亮抚慰我疲惫恐惧
的心灵，照亮我昏暗渺茫的前途。这就是梦想，它让我不顾一切地飞去，它让所有的黑暗都退避三舍。有梦想这个月亮照明，生活从此有了目标，有了希望。
模拟批阅：
这篇文章的突出之处在于，作者贴近自身实际而谈，没有矫揉造作之感，真实动人，具有感染力量。语言朴实率真，自然流畅。内容18分，表达20分，特征15分，最后得分53分。
【追风少年】
1、我们的心就像一块肥沃的土地，所以又称心田。心田可以长鲜花奇葩，也可生杂草毒花，全看你撒的是什么种子。
请以“心灵的杂草”为题写一篇文章，
立意自定，文体自选，不少于800字。
2、少女喜欢玫瑰，老人喜爱秋菊，文人咏叹荷花，寒士赞赏腊梅……花是世界的春色，花是人间的温馨。欣赏美好是人类的天性。只要不是心灵扭曲、情感异化的人，都会对花儿报之微笑。让自己的生命为他人开一朵花，为他人灿烂一片心地，增加一缕温馨，添一份生存下去的理由，多一点向上攀登的勇气，同样也是在提高自己的生存质量。
请以“为他人开一朵花”为题写一
篇文章，立意自定，文体自选，不少于800字。
China's economy, one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and the biggest contributor to global growth, grew 9.9 percent year-on-year in the first three quarters of this year, according to official figures released on Monday, showing a trend of a slowdown amid the current global financial crisis. In the third quarter, the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate slowed down to 9 percent, the lowest in five years, from 10.6 percent in the first quarter, 10.1 percent for the second quarter and 10.4 percent in the first half of 2008. China's economic growth has been on a steady decline since peaking in the second quarter of 2007. The slowing world economy pummeled by the global financial crisis and weaker demand for Chinese exports on international markets heavily weighted on the Chinese economy, according to Li Xiaochao, spokesperson for the National Bureau of Statistics. Another widely watched indicator, the consumer price index (CPI) -- an important measure of inflation -- rose 4.6 percent in September, over the same period last year. The figure, coupled with 7.1 percent in June, 6.3 percent in July, 4.9 percent in August and a nearly 12-year-high of 8.7 percent in February, shows the CPI in a downward spiral. Analysts mainly attribute the decline in the CPI to ample grain supply and lower-than-expected income growth of Chinese residents, as the housing and stock markets take heavy toll, which dented residents' desire to consume. Chinese stocks have shed nearly 70 percent of their value from the last year's peak at 6,124 points due to weak investor confidence. The stock market rose more than two percent on Monday amid expectation the government would unveil more measures to stimulate economy. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index gained 43.36 points to close at 1,974.01 points. Exports, one of the three major drivers of the Chinese economy along with investment and consumption, are taking hit from the global financial turmoil and economic slowdown. In the first three quarters exports grew 22.3 percent, 4.8 percent points lower than the same period last year. Fixed assets investment totaled 11.6246 trillion yuan ($1.66 trillion) in the first three
What went wrong IN RECENT months many economists and policymakers, including such unlikely bedfellows as Paul Krugman, an economist and New York Times columnist, and Hank Paulson, a former American treasury secretary, have put “global imbalances”—the huge current-account surpluses run by countries like China, alongside America’s huge deficit—at the root of the financial crisis. But the IMF disagrees. It argues, in new papers released on Friday March 6th, that the “main culprit” was deficient regulation of t he financial system, together with a failure of market discipline. Olivier Blanchard, the IMF's chief economist, said this week that global imbalances contributed only “indirectly” to the crisis. This may sound like buck-passing by the world’s main interna tional macroeconomic organisation. But the distinction has important consequences for whether macroeconomic policy or more regulation of financial markets will provide the solutions to the mess. In broad strokes, the global imbalances view of the crisis argues that a glut of money from countries with high savings rates, such as China and the oil-producing states, came flooding into America. This kept interest rates low and fuelled the credit boom and the related boom in the prices of assets, such as houses and equity, whose collapse precipitated the financial crisis. A workable long-term fix for the problems of the world economy would, therefore, involve figuring out what to do about these imbalances. But the IMF argues that imbalances could not have caused the crisis without the creative ability of financial institutions to develop new structures and instruments to cater to investors’ demand for higher yields. These instruments turned out to be more risky than they appeared. Investors, overly optimistic about continued rises in asset prices, did not look closely into the nature of the assets that they bought, preferring to rely on the analysis of credit-rating agencies which were, in some cases, also selling advice on how to game the ratings system. This “failure of market discipline”, the fund argues, played a big role in the crisis. As big a problem, according to the IMF, was that financial regulation was flawed, ineffective and too limited in scope. What it calls the “shadow banking system”—the loosely regulated but highly interconnected network of investment banks, hedge funds, mortgage originators, and the like—was not subject to the sorts of prudential regulation (capital-adequacy norms, for example) that applied to banks. In part, the fund argues, this was because they were not thought to be systemically important, in the sense that banks were understood to be. But their being unregulated made it more attractive for banks (whose affiliates the non-banks often were) to evade capital requirements by pushing risk into these entities. In time, this network of institutions grew so large that they were indeed systemically important: in the now-familiar phrase, they were “too big” or “too interconnected” to fail. By late 2007, some estimates of the assets of the bank-like institutions in America outside the scope of existing prudential regulation, was around $10 trillion, as large as the assets of the regulated American banking system itself. Given this interpretation, it is not surprising that the IMF has thrown its weight strongly behind an enormous increase in the scale and scope of financial regulation in a series of papers leading up to the G20 meetings. Among many other proposals, it wants the shadow banking system to be subjected to the same sorts of prudential requirements that banks must follow. Sensibly, it is calling for regulation to concentrate on what an institution does, not what it is called (that is, the basis of regulation should be activities, not entities). It also wants regulators to focus more broadly on
考研英语阅读经济类文章 考研英语阅读经济类文章 熟悉考研的同学都清楚，阅读理解在真题试卷中占有很大的比重，整个试卷总结下来实际上是考查七篇文章，阅读是四篇文章，翻译，完形，新题型各一篇，这相当于是占去了大半壁江山。那么，在离考试不到三个月的时间里，我们去梳理一些重要的做题技巧显得尤为重要。下面将阅读理解中重要的做题技巧依次进行总结，希望能够对广大考生有所帮助。 一、文章中连词和副词是解题的线索。 1. 连词出现在文中时，要格外注意，其涉及到逻辑关系的判定。关注常见的逻辑关系会考查以下几种：转折，并列/递进，因果关系，解释关系。 2. 副词出现在文中或选项中，要格外敏感。比如说deliciously ironic 一定不能按字面意思去译，理解为"美味的具有讽刺意味的";。副词修饰形容词表程度，实际上等同于very. 所以应该译为"极其具有讽刺意味的";。此外，当副词出现在选项时，一定要注意范围的扩大和缩小。 二、作者的观点与文章的主旨紧密相连。 读文章时如何把握作者的观点： 1. 出现一些明显表观点的词。 2. 文中无人认领的观点为作者的观点。 3. 被动语态表达的观点没有具体指明主体，那就是大众观点。 4. 包含有主观价值判断词的句子一定是文中的观点。 关注：主系表(判断句)
三、设置错误选项常见手段 1. 因果倒置 2. 主客观混淆 3. 偷换概念(张冠李戴) 4. 正话反说，反话正说 5. 答非所问 6. 加入比较概念 7. 肯否定关系 四、蒙题技巧 (一)错误选项的特征： 1. 有绝对语气词的'一般不选： Must;always;never;the most;all;only;have to;any;no;none;hardly;completely;absolutely;not…at all。 2.照抄原文的一般不选。 3. 表达意义较具体的、肤浅的一般不选。 (二)正确选项的特征：
经济类核心期刊投稿指南和攻略，自己之前搜的一个好东西，感觉非常有用、非常好用，其中50%以上说的很对，供大家参考，免费给大家了，求大家的好评哦! 1. 《经济研究》论文质量不太差，对于没有名气的作者会找多个审稿人，如果陆续收到4-6个审稿意见，别担心，这说明编辑在担心。名作者稿件审过一次就可以发。还有些稿件是不匿名审稿的（特约，呵呵）。所以只能说是半匿名审稿。学生单独发表有可能，但很难，而且越来越难。说明编辑看名气和地位，对学生独发不放心。 2. 《经济学季刊》匿名审稿，注重论文质量。是否刊登主要看编辑。季刊编辑水平比经济研究高多了。一旦有刊号，一定会把经济研究甩到二区。学生独发常见。 3. 《世界经济》对普通学生很公平，不会以名气定夺，是匿名审稿。学生单独发表常见。 4. 《中国社会科学》经济类论文良莠不齐，水准方差大，有些太差。明显不是完全匿名审稿，人情避免不了。学生一般不建议投，除非牛老板推荐。 5. 《经济学报》匿名审稿，不求数量，只求质量。最近一段时间一直没有看到出版，说明稿件宁缺毋滥。宁缺毋滥的刊物，一定不是看名气和地位，所以学生占优势，毕竟知识结构比老一代新。 6. 《金融研究》金融类的，没有投过，看似质量可以。在该领域算是一流。 7. 《世界经济文汇》最近几年上升很快，注重研究方法的规范化。不规范的大话西游文章不要投。编辑都很年轻，思维活跃。学生单独发表常见。 8. 《经济科学》拒稿不给意见，没有职业素养，不向国际一流看起，反而向国内三流看起，但学生单独有发。 9. 《数量经济技术经济研究》不知道什么审稿标准，拒稿也不给意见。但学生单独有发。 10. 《南开经济研究》做的不错，时间太长，审稿严谨。但学生单独有发。 11. 《南方经济》具有真才实学的学生，发表首选，该杂志审稿严谨周到，仅以质量取胜，以后可能会进入一区，但是现在杂志名声不大，稿源不如一区。学生单独常发。 12. 《管理世界》靠国研中心成为著名期刊，但是办刊选稿的宗旨居然是三流层次。AER、JPE、ECONOMETRICA上的论文在管理世界不可能发，因为不符合它的三流标准。在封面上放企业家头像，短论卖钱，这品位好不到哪里去。学生独发不常见，但有，估计天时地利人和比较好。 13. 《中国工业经济》论文质量不咋地，但引用率挺高，可能和领域有关。创新论文不一定能发。公开标准是“顶天立地”，但首先得对编辑的口味，才能过第一关。不好意思直接说匿名审稿，只好说外审。有学生独发。 14. 《财经研究》以前默默无名，现在财大也崛起了，刊物水平也越来越高，有点像南方经济，看以后发展吧。学生有独发。 15. 《广西财经学院学报》双月，审稿20天不到，对硕士和专科学校的教师没有歧视，文章比较大气，我发了七个页码13000字，没要一分钱，编辑们也比较客气，适合硕士和讲师们发。 16. 《经济评论》武大经管院，双月。初审时间根据照稿件密集程度在1周到2周时间，外审规定2周。但根据外审专家配合程度在1周到4周时间；然后是返修、视情况再给外审专家评判，这个时间可能有弹性，还有可能有数个反复；录用后在下期或者下下期见刊，这个比较快。文章质量有较大提升。投稿前最好能按照规定的格式排好版，选题要有新意，格式要规范。质量见上条。 17. 《中国农村观察中国社科院，双月，初审大概3个月，通过初审后就是第一次修改，修改后如果通过审稿，发表的希望很大。一般编辑和你联系时会告诉你在哪一期刊登。文章
英汉翻译学期论文 国际商务中信用证翻译特点及策略学期论文题目: __ 指导教师： 学号： 姓名： 外国语学院（部）英语专业2012 届 2012年4月16日
Translation Characteristics and Strategies of Letters of Credit in international Business By Submitted to School of Foreign Languages in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Term Paper For English-Chinese Translation at Under the Supervision of
Translation Characteristics and Strategies of Letters of Credit in international Business ABSTRACT Payment in international trade is crucial for both the seller and the buyer. With the development of international trade, Letters of Credit payment gradually came into being as banks and financial institutions were involved in international trade settlement. With the help of this method of payment, the payment responsibility of the importer is transferred to bank to ensure the safety, as a result, the rapid payment is received by the seller, and meanwhile, the regular shipping documents are given to the buyer conveniently. Therefore, with the benefit of Letters of Credit, the distrust contradiction between the seller and the buyer is solved to a certain extent. Nowadays, payment by Letters of Credit has become the widely adopted method. Letters of Credit English for specific purposes has its own unique vocabulary features. This paper summarizes characteristics of its translation from the credit classification, use of the process, and starting letter words in English, and explores the English translation strategy. It is divided into three chapters: The first chapter probes into the definition of the Letter of Credit, its classification and its use process in international trade; the second describes the characteristics and common errors of the credit translation; The last one is the focus of this article, discussing Letters of Credit translation strategy based on these two chapters, from the perspective of the translation Communicative Theory, Skopos Theory, Functional Equivalence etc. Keywords: Letters of Credit Translation; characteristics; strategies; Functional Theory
以中国财政、金融危机为主题的读书报告 李超杰金融二班136330943 通过对郭杰的《关于经济复苏背景下我国财政政策的思考》、甄炳禧的《金融危机下的世界经济走势及对中国的影响》以及孙亦军的《后金融危机时期中国经济战略选择》三篇文章的仔细研读，我发现这些文章在选题时都会不自觉地加上时代背景，然后将特定的时代背景与自己想要写的主题相结合，起到抓人眼球、开门见山的作用。 或许是PDF的关系，三篇文章都是通过一级标题下引出二级标题在引出一下标题，与写文章列提纲有着异曲同工之妙。举个简单的例子：在甄炳禧的《金融危机下的世界经济走势及对中国的影响》中，一级标题有当前经济形势的主要特点；近期世界经济的基本走势；中国的挑战、机遇、贡献及对策建议；而当前经济形势的主要特点下又有美国次贷危机转为全球金融危机；全球股市、汇市的剧烈动荡；全球商品价格波动，全球贸易和资金流动下滑；世界经济增速普遍明显放慢；主要经济体联合救市等子标题。而其中世界经济增速普遍明显放慢又有全球经济下滑；主要发达国家经济陷入衰退；新兴市场和其他发展中国家经济减速等下属标题。这样的结构布局使得整篇文章脉络十分清晰，即使不细看文章内容，光通过标题，读者也能了解作者要表达的内容，具有完整性、合理性、系统系、连续性等多种特点。再次，通篇分析这三篇文章，不难看出他们在写作上都有统一的纵向
写作结构：写作背景—该背景下特定对象所存在的现象或特点—通过分析现象发现不合理的问题—对问题进行深入剖析—提出政策建议或解决方案。 纵观三篇文章的写作方法，可以发现作者除了使用多级标题外还是用总分的写作结构，便于读者查找和浏览。比如：在郭杰的《关于经济复苏背景下我国财政政策的思考》中，当介绍中国经济特点时，某一段的开头是“在经济迅速复苏的同时，我国房地产价格迅速上涨。”而下面是对于该价格如何上涨的具体说明和数据统计。它的下一段的第一句是“净出口依然负增长”。而这一段的具体内容是对负增长的介绍。其次三篇文章中都使用了实证分析和数据统计、展现，使得文章颇具说服力。再次，甄炳禧的《金融危机下的世界经济走势及对中国的影响》中还运用了纵横分析的方法——将中国现在的经济与过去的经济作比较；将中国的经济与当前美国经济作比较。 郭杰通过对解保华《美国“金融海啸”背景下中国经济政策取向的冷静思考》以及王学东《金融危机下的宏观经济政策反思》等文献的参考在《关于经济复苏背景下我国财政政策的思考》一文中提出了“我国以政府投资为核心的积极财政政策以达到其增长的短期目标；财政政策调整是现阶段国情的客观要求”的建议。 甄炳禧通过对2009年1月14日的《华尔街日报》和世界银行的相关文献资料的解读，在《金融危机下的世界经济走势及对中国的影响》一文中提出了：“在近期稳住国内经济和金融形势的同时，促进经济长期可持续发展”；“加强金融机构和监管机构的建设，强化风险
9 13德国法院批准欧洲纾困基金German backing for ESM fund lifts stocks Risk assets enjoyed another positive session after Germany’s highest court gave the go-ahead for Europe’s new bailout fund, removing a significant obstacle to efforts to resolve the region’s debt crisis. 德国最高法院批准欧洲新纾困基金，消除了解决欧债危机道路上的一大障碍，带动风险资产经历又一个价格上 涨的交易日。 But the initial wave of buying that followed the news – which sent European stocks to a 14-month high and the euro to a four-month peak above $1.29 – subsequently showed signs of fizzling out as the grim economic reality facing the region continued to cast a shadow over the markets. 但是，由于欧元区严峻的经济现实继续给市场蒙上阴影，上述消息传出后的最初一波买入潮——将欧洲股市推高至14个月高位，亦将欧元汇率推高至1欧元兑1.29美元的四个月高位——随 后显示消退迹象。 Nevertheless, there was a palpable sense of relief at the decision by Germany’s constitutional court to reject a petition to prevent the country from signing up to the European Stability Mechanism, the region’s permanent financial rescue fund. 然而，对于德国宪法法院驳回有关阻止该国参与欧洲稳定机制(ESM)的请愿的判决，各方明显松了一口气。ESM 是欧元区永久性的金融救助基金。 The court imposed conditions that were less onerous than many had feared. 法院提出的条件不如很多人此前担心的那么苛刻。 The news came less than a week after the European Central Bank triggered a strong risk rally after announcing plans for unlimited purchases of eurozone countries’ short-term bonds – a programme dubbed outright monetary transactions (OMT). 不到一周前，欧洲央行(ECB)曾引发一轮强劲的风险资产涨势。当时该机构宣布相关计划，拟无限度购买欧元区国家的短期债券，该计划称为“直接货 币交易”(OMT)。 “We think this [court ruling] could prove to be a turning point for the debt crisis,”said Frank ?land Hanse n, senior economist at Danske Bank. “我们认为这（法庭裁决）有望成为欧债危机的转折点，”丹麦丹斯克银行(Danske Bank)高级经济学家弗兰克?厄兰德?汉森(Frank ?land Hansen)表 示。 “The ESM and the ECB’s OMT are seen as a reliable and sufficient safety net. If investors see no need to test the safety net, the ECB may never even have to activate the OMT programme. The ball is now in Spain’s and Italy’s courts. “ESM和欧洲央行的OMT被视为可靠且充足的安全网。如果投资者看不到有必要去考验这个安全网，欧洲央行可能永远都不需要启动OMT计划。现在球在西班牙和意大利脚下。
Dominant and dangerous As America's economic supremacy fades, the primacy of the dollar looks unsustainable IF HEGEMONS are good for anything, it is for conferring stability on the systems they dominate. For 70 years the dollar has been the superpower of the financial and monetary system. Despite talk of the yuan's rise, the primacy of the greenback is unchallenged. As a means of payment, a store of value and a reserve asset, nothing can touch it. Yet the dollar's rule has brittle foundations, and the system it underpins is unstable. Worse, the alternative reserve currencies are flawed. A transition to a more secure order will be devilishly hard. When the buck stops For decades, America's economic might legitimised the dollar's claims to reign supreme. But, as our special report this week explains, a faultline has opened between America's economic clout and its financial muscle. The United States accounts for 23% of global GDP and 12% of merchandise trade. Yet about 60% of the world's output, and a similar share of the planet's people, lie within a de facto dollar zone, in which currencies are pegged to the dollar or move in some sympathy with it. American firms' share of the stock of international corporate investment has fallen from 39% in 1999 to 24% today. But Wall Street sets the rhythm of markets globally more than it ever did. American fund managers run 55% of the world's assets under management, up from 44% a decade ago. The widening gap between America's economic and financial power creates problems for other countries, in the dollar zone and beyond. That is because the costs of dollar dominance are starting to outweigh the benefits. First, economies must endure wild gyrations. In recent months the prospect of even a tiny rate rise in America has sucked capital from emerging markets, battering currencies and share prices. Decisions of the Federal Reserve affect offshore dollar debts and deposits worth about $9 trillion. Because some countries link their currencies to the dollar, their central banks must react to the Fed. Foreigners own 20-50% of local-currency government bonds in places like Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey: they are more likely to abandon emerging markets when American rates rise. At one time the pain from capital outflows would have been mitigated by the stronger demand—including for imports—that prompted the Fed to raise rates in the first place. However, in the past decade America's share of global merchandise imports has dropped from 16% to 13%. America is the biggest export market for only 32
Improve the concept of financial supervision in rural areas1 Xun Qian Farmers in China's vast population, has some large-scale production of the farmers, but also survival-oriented farmers, huge differences between the financial needs of rural finance intermediation makes complex, together with agriculture itself is the profit low, natural and market risks high risk decision to weak agricultural industry characteristics, resulting in the cost of rural financial transactions is far higher than the city, also decided to organize the rural financial system in terms of operation or in the market has its own special characteristics. 20 years of financial reform, financial development while the Chinese city made impressive achievements, but the rural finance is the entire financial system is still the weakest link. Insufficient supply of rural finance, competition is not sufficient, farmers and agricultural enterprises in getting loans and other issues is also very prominent, backward rural financial system can no longer effectively support the development of modern agriculture or the transformation of traditional agriculture and the building of new socialist countryside, which to improve the rural financial supervision new topic. China's rural financial regulatory problems (A) the formation of China's financial regulatory system had "a line three commission " (People's Bank, the Securities Regulatory Commission, Insurance Regulatory Commission and the Banking Regulatory Commission) financial regulatory structure. Bank These stringent requirements, different management and diversification of monitoring has its positive role, but it also had some negative effects. First, inefficient supervision, supervision of internal consumption of high costs, limited financial industry business development and innovation space. Second, the regulatory agencies, regulatory bodies and the information asymmetry between central banks, banking, securities, and insurance mechanisms of coordination between regulatory bodies are not perfect. Information between central banks and regulatory agencies is difficult to share, is difficult to create effective monitoring force. Basically between the various 1American Journal of Agricultural Economics，2009.