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However, many other countries (such as India, China and Russia) are increasingly becoming advocates of free trade as they become more economically powerful themselves. As tariff levels fall there is also an increasing willingness to negotiate non tariff measures, including foreign direct investment, procurement and trade facilitation.
Business English Reading Courseware
Book One
Chapter 1
Abstracts from articles on the Main Theories Relating to International Trade
国际贸易理论文摘
made by Wang Jianna
Step One
First, read Material One under teacher’s instructions. Then teacher gives hints or tips for reading. Finally, teacher checks the answers and gives explanations.
6. ailing a. 生病的, 境况不佳 7. infrastructure n. 8. high-end n. 高端 9. emerge vi. 浮现, (由某种状态)脱出 基础, 基础设施
10. sprightlier a. 愉快的, 兴致高的
11. inventories n. 详细目录, 存货
Unlike other models, the Ricardian framework predicts that countries will fully specialize instead of producing a broad array of goods. Also, the Ricardian model does not directly consider factor endowments, such as the relative amounts of labor and capital within a country. The HeckscherOhlin model was produced as an alternative to the Ricardian model of basic comparative advantage. Despite its greater complexity it did not prove much more accurate in its predictions.
应该在做每篇文章的题目之前先用5分钟 左右的时间迅速的将文章进行跳跃性阅读， 把握文章的整体结构和各段大意，为做题奠 定定位的基础。而解段落大意题的过程其实 就是变相的做了快速跳跃性阅读的步骤，通 过解题掌握了文章结构和段落大意，之后再 做其它细节题，往往会有“会当凌绝顶，一 览众山小”的感觉。
如果一篇文章既有主旨题又有细节题， 那么考生不妨先做主旨题即段落大意题， 这样可以为解细节题奠定坚实的基础。所 以，提高解段落大意题的能力对于提高阅 读的综合解题能力有着极为重要的指导作 用。
International trade is the exchange of goods and services across international boundaries or territories . In most countries, it represents a significant share of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of history (see Silk Road, Amber Road), its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact. Increasing international trade is the primary meaning of "globalization".
8. China‘s outbound direct investment (ODI) 中国境外投资 9. sharpen their competitive edges 提高竞 争 10. get under way 出发, 开始进行 11. strip out 剥去, 剥夺, 脱衣
In the 19th century, especially in Britain, a belief in free trade became paramount and this view has dominated thinking among western nations for most of the time since then. In the years since the Second World War, multilateral treaties like the GATT and World Trade Organization have attempted to create a globally regulated trade structure. Free trade is usually most strongly supported by the most economically powerful nations in the world,
18. nugatory a. 无价值的，琐碎的
19. curb v. 控制，约束 20. lackluster a. 无光泽的；缺乏活力的
单元注释
1. GDP. abbr. (=gross domestic product) 国 内生产总值, 指在一定时期内，一个国家 或地区的经济中所生产出的全部最终产品 和劳务的价值，是衡量国家经济状况的一 种指标，对反映国家的经济发展状态、国 民收入和消费能力的情况起着不可代替的 作用。
Step Two
Students read Material Two themselves firstly. Then teacher checks the answers without giving explanations.
vocabulary
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. tariff n. 关税, 价目表 array n. 一系列, 大批 endowment n. [U] 捐助(奖金) neoclassical a. 新古典主义的 crude a. 天然的, 未加工的, 粗鲁的
单元教学目的
通过阅读定位段落大意。
本章阅读技巧提示
如何阅读定位段落大意？
关注各段落首句。尤其是第一段首句， 这与西方人思维相关，他们习惯开门见山 表达出自己的观点，然后广泛引用材料去 论述。因此，一般而言首段的首句构成文 章的中心句，而各段的首句构成各段的中 心。
当不能直接找出主题句时，通常文章中 给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一 观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时，可采用 中心词定位法，排除不含中心词的选项，对 比有中心词的选项，选择最接近中心的选项。 如果对选项仍有异议，可把有异议的选项逐 个带入文章中，看哪个能更好的囊括文章中 心。
though they often engage in selective protectionism for those industries which are politically important domestically, such as the protective tariffs applied to agriculture and textiles by the United States and Europe. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom were both strong advocates of free trade when they were economically dominant, today the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Japan are its greatest proponents.
However from a theoretical point of view it did provide an elegant solution by incorporating the neoclassical price mechanism into international trade theory. The international trade theory still indicates the regulation of international trade. Traditionally trade was regulated through bilateral treaties between two nations. For centuries under the belief in Mercantilism most nations had high tariffs and many restrictions on international trade.
12. dwindle v. 减少, 缩小
13.ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱplunging a. 跳进的, 突然往下的 14. depreciation n. 贬值, 减价, 折旧 15. sterling a. 英币的, 纯银制的, 纯正的
16. hinge v. (与on, upon连用）依赖 17. bolster v. 支撑
International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with international finance, forms the larger branch of international economics. Several different models have been proposed to predict patterns of trade and to analyze the effects of trade policies such as tariffs. The Ricardian model focuses on comparative advantage and is perhaps the most important concept in international trade theory. In a Ricardian model, countries specialize in producing what they produce best.
2. mercantilism 重商主义
3. Smith’s theory of absolute advantage 亚当斯密的绝对优势说
4. David Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage 大卫李嘉图的比较优势说 5. comparative advantage. 相对优势
