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The relatedness between language and society
----There are many indications of the inter-relationship between language and society. • Language is often used to establish and maintain social relationships. (e.g. greeting) • The use of language is in part determined by the user’s social background. (social class, age, sex, education level, etc.)
Speech variety
言语变体 Any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speakers. For example, a girl’s way of speaking to her boyfriend is definitely of different styles from the way she speaks to her linguistic professor.
• Micro-sociolinguistics
Looking at society from the point of view of an individual member within it.
Concepts in sociolinguistics
Speech community
言语社团
For general linguistics, a speech community is defined as a group of people who form a community and share the same language or a particular variety of a language. e.g. a village, a region, a nation, etc.
example, the social class, educational level and type of education, age, sex, ethnic origin, etc.
Baidu Nhomakorabea
William Labov,
an American linguist, born in 1927, is widely regarded as the founder of sociolinguistics. He founded the microsociolinguistics.
Two approaches to sociolinguistic studies
• Macro-sociolinguistics
Looking at society as a whole and consider how language functions in it and how it reflects the social differentiations.
Speech variety
• • • • • • • • • • • • Example 1 (Ray, a student, comes home after school.) Ray: Hi, mum. Mum: Hi. You’re late. Ray: Yeah, that bastard Sootbucker Kept us in again. Mum: Nana’s here. Ray: Oh sorry. Where is she? Example 2 (Leaving school, Ray runs into the school principal.) Ray: Good afternoon, sir. Principal: What are you doing here at this time? Ray: Mr. Sutton kept us in, sir.
Sociolinguistics
Brief intriduction and applications
What is Sociolinguistics?
DEFINITION： Sociolinguistics is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society. The study of language in relation to social factors. For
