英语句子成分ppt

句子成分
概念：组成句子的各个部分， 即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语， 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或 短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。 大多数主语都在句首。
主语（subject）: 句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首
• To see is to believe. （不定式）
• What he needs is a book.
形式主语
（主语从Baidu Nhomakorabea）
• It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
真正主语
It =that the elephant is round and tall like a tree
谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示 主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组 担任，放在主语的后面。
• I love you!
• They went to sleep very late last night.
• He practises running every morning.
• 祈使句： • 1.省略主语you • 2.谓语动词用原形
找出下列句子的谓语
• The plane took off at 10 o’clock. • How often do you go shopping? • Why didn’t you come back last night?
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成
• You may keep the book for two weeks.
1.Mary with her two daughters _____ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2.____ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3.____ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They
谓语：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。 由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须 保持一致。 谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。
He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German.
在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。
如：
There are some bottles of milk in the box.
在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。
如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.
主语小测
• 找出下面句子的主语
• 1. Our school is not far from my home. • 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. • 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.
单选：
• The rich should help the poor.
名词化的形容词
V.不能做主语！
• 1.Do exercise is good for your health.
• 2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.
指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
The classroom is very big.
数词作主语
Three are enough. 三个人就够了
不定式作主语
To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.
从句作主语
What we need is food.
我们最需要的是食物.
• He has caught a bad cough. • We are sudents. • That idea sounds great!
•复合谓语：1.情态动词\助动词+v
•
2.系动词+adj.
• Open the door, please! • Go and get some water for me. • Don’t laugh at others! • Don’t come back late tonight.
• 介词不能作主语 ② •TThheerereisiasnaonldamppanlecoomnitnhgehteareb.le. •An apple is there on the table.
• ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
• The sun rises in the east. （名词）
• He likes dancing.
（代词）
• Twenty years is a short time in history.
(数词)
• Seeing is believing. （动名词）
讲述“谁”
We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”