中考英语语篇翻译技巧和专题练习(习题包含答案)
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语篇翻译
语篇翻译
一、出题形式
1.以一篇短文的形式出现:
3个:英译汉
2个:汉译英
2.考纲要求
考查对中西文化差异的了解;
对常用短语、习惯用语和重要句型的运用;
对句子结构、语法知识的掌握
对简单的翻译技巧的掌握。
二、考查重点
1、各类重要句型结构(定语从句等)
2、搭配(动词短语,名词短语)、
3、重点词的用法及习惯表达、
4、主要语法规则及其运用等
5、简单的翻译技巧(省略、补充,词义选择引申、词性转换、长句拆分、逆序翻译等)。
三、解题指导
1.通读短文,了解大意。
2.分析要求翻译的句子的结构、类型、时态
3.调序、润色。
4.切不可逐字逐句地翻译
四、翻译技巧指导:(易错点、难点)
1.连词的翻译
and : 和、与
(1)Lucy and her mother often go shopping on weekends.
露西和她妈妈经常周末去购物。(不可省)
(2)Young people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing.
(3)The sun is bright,and the sky is clear.
太阳是明亮的,和天空是干净的。(X)
(4)He left the company in March last year and went to Harvard as a visiting scholar.(5)However ,they worry about their schoolwork and can't fall asleep quickly. (6)他不开心,不知道如何处理这件事。
注:解题策略
英语中连词用得多,汉语中连词用得少。英译汉时,有些连词可以省译。汉译英,要适当增加连词,成文连贯。如:
Though it isn’t like a table, I like it very much.
虽然它看起来不像张桌子,但是我很喜欢它。(成对使用)
虽然那个梦想没有实现,但是现在他成功了
注:解题策略
英语中“though”、“but”/ “because”、“so”只能用其中之一,但汉语中“虽然……但是”、“因为……所以”等句式结构要可以成对使用。
2.定语从句的翻译
Guilin is a place where there are mountains and rivers.
He refused to give up the goal which is very clear.
解题策略:
对于较短的定语从句,英译汉时,可译成带“的”的前置定语,可把复合句译成简单句
He was very thankful to the land where he grew up.
I met an old man who asked me to pay attention to health.
解题策略:
对于结构复杂且较长的定语从句,在英译汉时,可将其后置,将整个句子结构译成并列句,并重复先行词。
They should keep away from those jobs which can have bad influence on their lives.(长句拆分)
3.it 句型的翻译
解题策略:
引导词it做形式主语、形式宾语时,本身没有独立意义,可以省译。熟记it 句型:
It be + adj (for sb) to do sth.
It takes sb (some time) to do sth.
I find/think it +adj to do sth.
It was difficult to remember all the faces and names.
I think it hard for them to understand your joke
=
It took the volunteers the whole afternoon to clean up the park.
4.否定转移的翻译
I don’t think he can pass the exam.
我认为他不可能通过这次考试
I don't believe that he can speak to the old so impolitely。
我相信他不会对老人那么无礼说话。
解题策略:当主句部分是“I don’t think” ,“I don’t believe”,“I don’t suppose” 等结构时,翻译成汉语时,要注意。
我认为我们不该浪费时间
我相信他不会抽烟。
5被动语态的翻译
被动语态的句子有时有“被”有时无“被”,一定认真分析主动还是被动。
熟记被动语态的各种时态:
一般现在时:
一般过去时:
一般将来词:
现在完成时:
情态动词的被动语态:
The blue sky is reflected(映衬)in the deep blue lake.
蓝蓝的天空映衬在深蓝色的湖水中(无“被”)
Some of his works are translated into English,French and Japanese.(有“被”)我们学校是2011年建的。
6.汉译英存在的主要问题
(1)时态、语态不对。
(2)句子结构不完整:缺主语、缺谓语、动词堆砌
(3)中文式语序:时间、地点等状语按中文习惯放在动词之前
(4)动词直接做主语、表语、宾语
(5)固定短语、固定句型没有掌握好
汉译英:诊断、改错
(1)他生于1955年,在山东的一个小村庄长大。
He born in 1955, in Shandong a small village grow up.