新视界大学英语第2册第6单元课文翻译及练习答案
- 格式:doc
- 大小:36.50 KB
- 文档页数:6
新视界大学英语综合教程
第六单元课文翻译及练习答案
Active Reading
“懦夫”是赢家,“硬汉”是输家
“如果你第一次没有成功,那就再试一次吧,”喜剧演员W C菲尔德斯说,“如果还是没有成功,那就放弃吧。傻瓜一样地不肯放弃是毫无意义的。”
嗯,是的,在某种程度上是这样的,但是我们都知道放弃有个正确时机和错误时机的问题。根据新的研究,知道什么时候放弃不可能实现的目标的人,即所谓的“懦夫”,其身心要比不惜任何代价而坚持下去的“硬汉”健康。
自从制宪元勋们来到美国,我们的孩子们就一直被灌输在面对生活中的困难时坚持不懈的价值。这种永不言败的精神在一句19世纪的名言中得到了最佳体现:“如果你第一次没有成功,那就再试一次吧。”可要试多少次再放弃才比较合适呢?
有很多研究都是关于这个问题的,尤其是关于决心与健康之间可能存在关系的问题。一方面,从长远来看,坚持和自律似乎增加了你成功的几率,同时,个人的成功与身体的健康也似乎密切相关。想想你所知道的成功人士,回顾一下他们的一生。他们总是很清楚自己的人生方向吗?既然现在已经成功了,他们就幸福、健康吗?有些人也许是的。
然而,如果成功是很不确定的,那又该怎么办呢?例如,一个普通运动员想成为奥运会金牌获得者。太过于坚持有可能会对你的健康产生负面影响吗?
通过一系列的心理学实验,科学家格雷戈里·米勒和卡斯滕·罗奇提出了一种区分“硬汉”和“懦夫”这两类人的方法。研究表明,“懦夫”通常比“硬汉”健康。米勒和罗奇针对皮肤病、睡眠不好和头疼等相对轻微的疾病做了研究,发现“懦夫”患病的几率比“硬汉”低。此外,“硬汉”长时间处于压力之下,体内一种蛋白质的含量处于更高水平,这可能意味着他们患有严重的疾病,包括糖尿病和心脏病这些致命的疾病。
科学家们也注意到,“硬汉”和“懦夫”的区别还在于在放弃某些重要的东西后他们是否愿意追求新的目标。他们发现,那些迅速重返生活的人有着更强的目标性,而且很少去想过去了的事情。设定新目标让他们免受失败情绪的影响,这对那些难以承认失败的“硬汉”们尤为重要。
那么,为什么“硬汉”们最后会说“够了,够了”呢?实际上,他们似乎是经历了轻度的消沉才恢复了体力。一些人会经历一段消极期,在此期间他们什么事都不做。但是从积极的方面来看,他们被迫停下来,重新评估自己的生活。渐渐地,他们对世界的态度变得更实际。从人类进化论的角度来说,科学家们认为,消沉在告诉我们要放慢节奏,审时度势,谨慎小心。抑郁实际上能让我们大多数人放弃不切实际的争夺奥运会金牌的念头,从而有助于保护人类。
给自己设定目标肯定是很重要的。对于年轻人来说,这是他们在世上确立个人特质的一部分。但是随着年龄的增长,当我们发现要么实现不了这些目标,要么被别的更重要的目标吸引了,我们就会调整期望或者放弃这些目标。我们因为更想照料新组建的家庭而放弃了辉煌的职业计划。我们因为要生存而选择停止了学业。结果,我们在生活中发现了更可行的目标,它们比之前的更适合我们的现状。所以,当我们从梦想中走出的同时,我们也长大了。
也许我们应该重写那句名言。“如果你第一次没成功,那就再试一次吧。即使你又失败了,你也不会总失败的。听从身心的指引。那是你作为一个人可以找到成功的地方,那是
人类赖以生存的地方。”
Dealing with Unfamiliar Words
④Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
1. comic
2. feasible
3. assess
4. desirable
5. persist
6. sequence
7. readily
⑤Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
1. exhibit
2. glorious
3. category
4. depression
5. differ
6. indicate
7. cultivate
⑥Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in the box.
1. findings
2. Previous
3. determination
4. distinguished
5. linked
6. specifically
7. considerable
8. liable
9. consequently
Language in Use
➊Now form adjectives with -able to describe the people and things, and check your answers with the dictionary.
1. acceptable
2. dependable
3. desirable
4. comparable
5. breakable
6. predictable
➋Now complete the sentences using wh- clauses.
1. how
2. how
3. where
4. what
5. when
6. why
➌Now rewrite the sentences using have a hard / difficult / easy time doing something.
1. We had a hard / difficult time carrying out this research.
We didn’t have an easy time carrying out this research.
2. You will have an easy time relaxing in this university.
You won’t have a hard / difficult time relaxing in this university.
3. Quitters have a hard / difficult time staying in the same job.
Quitters don’t have an easy time staying in the same job.
4. I am having a hard / difficult time getting used to my new PC.
I am not having an easy time getting used to my new PC.
5. She had a hard / difficult time accepting that she could never be an Olympic athlete.
She didn’t have an easy time accepting that she could never be an Olympic athlete.
6. He had an easy time finding a new job.
He didn’t have a hard /difficult time finding a new job.
➍Now rewrite the sentences using There’s no point (in) doing something.
1. There’s no point (in) writing too much on this topic.
2. There was no point (in) speaking to your friends about this problem because they wouldn’t understand.
3. There’s no point (in) keeping on applying for this job as you won’t get it.
4. There’s no point (in) getting angry about this, since it won’t do you any good.
5. There’s no point (in) trying to phone because the line’s down.
6. There’s no point (in) worrying; you’ll only make things worse.
➎Now complete the sentences.
1. I have found a copy
2. you are all here
3. my marks have begun to improve
4. the examinations are over
5. the big project has been finished
6. you have lots of money