高中英语经典长难句分析总结
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高中英语经典长难句分析总结
一、长难句的分类
1、带有较多成分的简单句。如:
Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines,the toothpaste marketer,for instance,must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如,决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后,牙
膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台,以
及那些具体的妇女杂志。
在这个有30多个词的简单句中,动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语,不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine,而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词,这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。
2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如:
In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale,had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children,but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年代,他在耶鲁当外科医生,有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子,但他那时过得却很
不开心。在第二个并列句中,即在had前面省略了and he.
Discrimination isn’t their only concern;almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene develops symptoms during middle age, and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑,
几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症
状都会显现出来,而医生对此却无能为力。
三个分句均为简单句,分别用分号和and连接。
3、含有多个从句的复合句。如:
I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as
the earth’s population grows and we use more and more
of our nonrenewable resources,our children may have
to lead poorer lives.我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的
忧虑中:由于地球上人口的不断增长,由于我们正在消耗掉
越来越多的非再生资源,我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫
穷的生活。
在possibility后由that引导的同位语从句中还含有
一并列结构的时间状语从句:as…resources.
However,those of us who are parents of children
in this age group know that such offers are relatively
rare and that many liberal-arts students graduate with the belief that the prospective workplace may not have a place for them. 然而,我们这些有这个年龄段孩子的家
长们都知道,这样的机会少得可怜;我们也知道,许多文科
毕业生认为未来的就业市场没有他们的一席之地。本句的主谓语是:those of us know。know有两个由that引导的宾语从句,其中第二个省略了know。在主句中还有一个定语
从句修饰those of us,在第二个宾语从句中还有一个同位
语从句修饰belief。
4、含有多个插入成分的句子。如:
His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently
enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International,a software company,he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.
他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为
国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长,他当时还是第
一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的
电子邮件系统。
as chairman of Computer Associates International
是he的同位语,a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语,他们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。
5、并列复合句。如:
I have known changes for the better and changes for
the worse,but I have never questioned the fact that
whether I liked it or not,change was unavoidable.我经历过好的变化,也经历过坏的变化,但是我从来没有怀疑
过这样一个事实,即不管我喜欢与否,变化总是不可避免的。
在but后的那个并列的分句中有一个同位语从句,其中
还含有一个让步状语从句。 They also found that the bus conductor had a major role in preventing vandalism,and at the times he went up the stairs to the upper deck to collect fares,vandalism did not often occur.他们还发现公交车售票员在防止发生故意破坏方面发挥了重要
的作用。当售票员到双层公交车的上层收费时,破坏行为就
不常发生。
在前一个并列分句中有一个宾语从句,在后一个并列的
分句中有一个修饰times的定语从句,这个定语从句前省略
了关系词that或when.
二、长难句分析步骤
1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。
2、如果是简单句,首先确定主谓结构;接着确定宾语
和宾语补足语;然后确定定语和状语等次要成分,即找出主
语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分,给
出全句大意。译文意思应当通顺,并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大,文理不通,则分析可能有误,这时应考虑